Processes of the displacement field change of the 2009 April 6 M W6.3 L’Aquila earthquake using persistent scatterer and small baseline methods

Using a time series method that combines both the persistent scatterer and small baseline approaches, we analyzed 9 scenes Envisat ASAR data over the L’Aquila earthquake, and obtained a Shocke’s displacement field and its evolution processes. The results show that: (1) Envisat ASAR clearly detected the whole processes of displacement field of the L’Aquila earthquake, and distinct variations at different stages of the displacement field. (2) Pre-seismic creep displacement → displacement mutation when faulting → constantly slowed down after the earthquake. (3) The area of the strongest deformation and ground rupture was a low-lying oval depression region to the southeast. Surface faulting within a zone of about 22 km × 14 km, with an orientation of 135°, occurred along the NW-striking and SW-dipping Paganica-S. Demetrio normal fault. (4) In analyzing an area of about 54 km × 59 km, bounded by north–south axis to the epicenter, the displacement field has significant characteristics of a watershed: westward of the epicenter shows uplift with maximum of 130 mm in line-of-sight (LOS), and east of the epicenter was a region with 220 mm of maximum subsidence in the LOS, concentrating on the rupture zone, the majority of which formed in the course of faulting and subsequence.     

基于云计算的并发访问密集型WebGIS QoS研究

Internet技术的发展,促进了WebGIS技术的变革。随着网络用户需求的增长,在并发访问密集情况下,WebGIS处理延迟和拒绝服务的现象不可避免,使得端到端的服务质量(Quality of Services,QoS)得不到保证。本文利用云计算技术与WebGIS相结合,建立虚拟云平台服务器,以增强WebGIS服务器的并发处理性能。使用LoadRunner进行仿真实验,体现了云计算平台在WebGIS服务中的优越性。     

地理信息服务:数据在线到应用在线

基于测绘和地理信息学科发展的背景对地理信息服务进行了分析,指出以“数据在线”为特征的地理信息服务模式较之于传统的地图拷贝分发具有突出的优势,但是,“数据在线”囿于传统的测绘“生产关系”,亦存在突出的问题,解决问题的出路在于,实现技术的在线共享,走向“应用在线”.     

New insights on the tsunami recording of the May, 21, 2003, Mw 6.9 Boumerdès earthquake from tidal data analysis

We analyzed sea level data from a set of tide gauge stations located in the central and western Mediterranean Sea, that recorded the tsunami generated by the Mw 6.8 Boumerdès earthquake striking the coast of Algeria on May 21, 2003. This earthquake caused more than 2200 victims and thousands of injured. The causative fault was located a few kilometers offshore and during the rupture a tsunami was triggered. Waves were felt along a large part of the western and northern Mediterranean coasts, and in the Balearic islands waves higher that 2 m were measured. In this paper we analyze a more complete tidal data set, with respect to previous studies, now consisting of 22 tidal stations located in Italy, France and Spain. To characterize the change of the tidal signal at each station we used the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). By means of this technique, which is suitable to analyze and to characterize the dynamical behavior of non-stationary time series, we provide a precise measurement of the arrival times and amplitudes at the tidal stations and identify how this tsunami affected the principal and long term tidal components. Our findings improve previous results for this earthquake, since they allow the detection of significant amplitude fluctuations associated with the tsunami in the majority of stations, including the farthest ones.     

张家口—渤海地震活动带中东段地壳剪切波分裂研究

张家口—渤海地震活动带是我国华北地区一条重要的地震带。该区域的主压应力场方向为近ＥＷ 向。本文利用２００５年９月—２０１０年９月首都圈地区地震台站记录到的数字波形资料,采用ＳＡＭ 方法（剪切波分裂系统分析法）,研究讨论张家口—渤海地震带中东段地壳介质各向异性的空间分布特征。结果显示：张渤活动带中部及以东区域总体的优势方向明显,为近ＥＷ 方向。横跨张渤活动带两侧的快剪切波优势偏振方向的空间分布显示,地震带北侧燕山隆起区内、地震带范围内和地震带南侧华北盆地内的快剪切波优势偏振方向均为近ＥＷ 方向,差异不大。     

不需提取激发脉冲的探地雷达波形反演方法

利用麦克斯韦方程的波形反演方法,能充分利用雷达数据中反映地下介质特性的波形、走时、相位等信息.它要事先已知激发脉冲信号,需从实际资料中提取,但受到诸多因素的影响.本文尝试避免从实际雷达资料提取激发脉冲的方法.首先,借助于一个已知地质模型上的探地雷达系统采集的记录以及给定激发脉冲、给定激发接收天线的正演模拟信号,计算出转换算子.其次,将转换算子作用于实测雷达信号,将其转换成给定激发脉冲激发的、给定激发接收天线采集的信号.最后,用转换后的数据进行波形反演.二维模型数据的转换表明,转换后的数据与正演模拟数据一致,反演结果差异甚小.实验室实测数据的反演结果与实际情况相符.     

Solving the complex near‐surface problem using 3D data‐driven near‐surface layer replacement

In many land seismic situations, the complex seismic wave propagation effects in the near‐surface area, due to its unconsolidated character, deteriorate the image quality. Although several methods have been proposed to address this problem, the negative impact of 3D complex near‐surface structures is still unsolved to a large extent. This paper presents a complete 3D data‐driven solution for the near‐surface problem based on 3D one‐way traveltime operators, which extends our previous attempts that were limited to a 2D situation. Our solution is composed of four steps: 1) seismic wave propagation from the surface to a suitable datum reflector is described by parametrized one‐way propagation operators, with all the parameters estimated by a new genetic algorithm, the self‐adjustable input genetic algorithm, in an automatic and purely data‐driven way; 2) surface‐consistent residual static corrections are estimated to accommodate the fast variations in the near‐surface area; 3) a replacement velocity model based on the traveltime operators in the good data area (without the near‐surface problem) is estimated; 4) data interpolation and surface layer replacement based on the estimated traveltime operators and the replacement velocity model are carried out in an interweaved manner in order to both remove the near‐surface imprints in the original data and keep the valuable geological information above the datum. Our method is demonstrated on a subset of a 3D field data set from the Middle East yielding encouraging results.     

移动GIS及其新应用

本文主要说明了移动GIS的结构以及将移动GIS技术、空间定位技术和网络通信技术结合的LBS服务。并介绍了移动GIS近年来在城市导游系统,森林火灾抢险,城市救护管理系统等多个领域的新应用,总结和预见了移动GIS的发展趋势。     

IGS精密星历的误差分析

采用高精度的ITRF2000全球参考框架、新的地球物理模型和误差改正模型、统一的卫星轨道参量和地球自转模型、统一的数据处理策略,重新处理了IGS全球跟踪站数据以求解1994～2004年的GPS卫星轨道。通过轨道比较评估了IGS精密星历的系统偏差和随机误差,发现IGS精密星历标称精度和实际精度存在差异,特别是早期结果。IGS精密星历在不同时期存在不同的系统偏差,主要由其在不同时期采用的不同ITRF序列参考框架之间的差异引起,IERS公布的转换参数不能完全表征ITRF序列间的差异。相对于重解精确轨道,IGS精密星历随机误差随时间逐渐减小,1994年为15～20cm,1998年逐渐减小到6～8cm,1998年以后小于5cm。     

Discrepancies in earthquake location between ISC and other agencies

The different operating requirements of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) from those of the National Earthquake Information Service of the US Geological Survey(NEIS), and of the prototype International Data Center to monitor the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (pIDC), result in some discrepancies between earthquake locations computed by the three agencies. For larger events recorded by many stations the differences are small, but for some smaller events differences in location of up to 20^° may occur. The largest discrepancies are found for small events in areas where later analysis by ISC has the benefit of additional readings from regional seismograph networks and where ISC has made a different interpretation of the station readingsavailable to pIDC and NEIS. We identify regions where such discrepancies occur most frequently, and give some examples for which the augmented data set of ISC has resulted in significant improvement for specific earthquakes. NEIS and, particularly, pIDC produce their results more speedily than ISC, and these form a valuable starting point for the later, more complete ISC analysis, which is commonly considered the most definitive compilation of global earthquake information.