Geological Structure and Quaternary Activity of the Zhangjiakou Fault, Northern China

Based on detailed field investigations,this paper describes the geometrical characteristics and tectonic activities of the Zhangjiakou fault at the northwest of Beijing. This fault strikes mainly northwest to west,short parts of which strike near east to west,dipping north,and extends over a length of 70km. It is a major geological and geomorphological margin,controlling the neotectonic movement in this region. On the south side of the Zhangjiakou fault are the Late Quaternary unconsolidated deposits,forming basins; while on the other side are Mesozoic volcano debris and Pre-Mesozoic metamorphic rocks, forming lower mountains and hills. The Zhangjiakou fault consists mainly of high-angle inverse strike-slip fault and partially of normal strike-slip fault. Among these,the north-dipping NW-NWW-trending secondary faults,constituting the main fracture of the fault,have inverse characteristics; those near the EW-trending secondary faults are links of the former faults,with a smaller length and normal faulting characteristics. Thus,the Zhangjiakou fault is a north-dipping inverse and partially south-dipping normal strike-slip fault. The Zhangjiakou fault has been continuously active since the Quaternary. With the exception of the western end extension,which has been active since the late Pleistocene, the main part of the fault has been active since the Holocene. The central main segment of the Zhangjiakou fault is more active. Since the mid-late period of the late Pleistocene,the average vertical slip rate of a single fault has been over 0. 07mm /a ～ 0. 30mm /a. The Zhangjiakou fault has multi-slip surfaces,and the total vertical slip rate reaches 1. 33mm /a,estimated from the Qingshuihe river terraces and the relevant drilling data.     

Is there a hidden near surface salt diapir in the Guelma Basin,north-east of Algeria?

The diapiric province of north-eastern Algeria and Tunisia extends NE–SW over several hundreds of kilometres. Available, geophysical and geological investigations were focused on the study of known diapiric outcrop. In contrast to the existing work, our study is focused on to identify a new hidden near surface salt diapir in the Guelma Basin, north-east of Algeria.Integrated geophysical study comprising aeromagnetic, gravimetric and DC resistivity data calibrated with existing well information provides new insights into the geometry of the geologic structure of Guelma Basin. Spatial correlation between magnetic low, strong gravity minimum and resistivity high reveal a hidden near surface salt diapir. The Guelma salt diapir is topped by a local topographic high which follows exactly the underlying salt body. Joint gravity-magnetic modelling indicates that salt is deeply rooted and has a dome-like shape. The Guelma salt diapir was triggered by normal faulting and is directly controlled by regional extension.     

罗云山山前断裂带阶地调查研究及其构造意义

罗云山山前断裂带位于山西临汾盆地西侧,控制着盆地的西界.对罗云山山前断裂带8条冲沟的阶地测量资料的研究表明:该断裂带冲沟发育T1～T5五级阶地.T1 阶地拔沟3m左右,T2 阶地拔沟8～10m,T3 阶地拔沟20m左右,T4 阶地拔沟30m左右,T5 阶地拔沟40～50m.阶地测年数据及断错地貌调查表明:罗云山山前断裂带在晚第四纪以来有过多次活动.晚更新世中晚期以来阶地的抬升速率为0.41 mm/a,全新世以来抬升速率为0.75mm/a.罗云山山前断裂带冲沟阶地从晚更新世中晚期到全新世抬升速率有逐渐增大的趋势,反映该断裂带自晚第四纪以来构造抬升作用逐渐加强,这与临汾盆地从晚更新世晚期到全新世沉降速率也有增大的趋势比较一致.     

霍山皖33井水位与"霍山窗"小震活动关系的初步研究

分析了霍山皖33井水位变化与"霍山窗"地震活动的关系:首先采用差分法和从属函数等方法对水位数据进行处理,提取了水位的短期异常,结果表明该井水位异常对霍山以及周边地区的中小地震有较好的反映;其次,通过对该井水位与"霍山窗"小震活动性的对比研究,发现该地区小地震在水位低值时活跃.参考该地区的环境剪应力,我们认为霍山皖33井...     

Growth by extension,and reworking,of a south‐western Kalahari linear dune

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating studies of linear (longitudinal) dunes have been used extensively to elucidate late Quaternary environments and climates in arid or formerly arid regions, yet understanding of the development of such dunes is incomplete. In particular, conflicting opinions have been presented regarding the propensity of linear dunes to migrate laterally, the degree to which they rework their own sediment during accumulation and whether they form primarily by extension, as opposed to lateral sand movement from adjacent interdunes. This study focuses on this last point, although the importance of the other controversies is discussed in context. A simple linear dune in the south‐western Kalahari, which has a prominent termination on a pan (playa) surface, provides an opportunity to directly test hypotheses of dune extension. Chronostratigraphy along a ~600 m transect along the crest of the dune, constrained by 42 OSL ages, reveals that the dune grew by extension on occasions in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, but has also been subject to reworking along its length, which has continued until recent times. Dune development by extensional growth is suggested to operate under environmental conditions more conducive to net accumulation, whereas reworking is largely independent of conditions throughout the last ~18 ka, and may represent seasonal fluctuations in the position of the dune crest. The relative significance of these two modes of development is suggested to be a key control on the efficacy of linear dunes as archives of environmental and climatic change. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多层递阶和回归分析的单一水位流量关系曲线高水延长方法

测站的水位流量关系由于受到多种因素的影响,没有固定的曲线线型,使得水位流量关系曲线的延长变得较为困难。多层递阶方法将预测系统视为动态系统,具有跟踪系统时变参数的特性,但没能考虑高相关影响因子的重要性。回归分析考虑到了高相关影响因子的重要性,但由于采用定常参数建模,不能反映动态系统时变参数的特性。将多层递阶方法和回归分析方法结合起来,用于单一水位流量关系曲线的高水延长。方法克服了传统的单一水位流量关系曲线高水延长时线型的需要选择、精度难以控制、效率低和不易程序化等缺点,为单一水位流量关系曲线的高水延长提供了一种新途径。     

The marine Devonian stratigraphy of Great Britain

Exposed marine Devonian rocks of Great Britain are in South-West England where successions together span most of the Devonian Period. The Geological Conservation Review (GCR) sites of the volume are located in Cornwall and Devon, the latter providing the historic stratotype of the Devonian System. Site stratigraphies are linked to basins of three sub-provinces. Those represent different, albeit largely penecontemporaneous, tectonosedimentary regimes of the differing settings of the Rhenohercynian Zone. The sites and their selection criteria based on their international and national importance in understanding Devonian geological history are listed. A History of Research section provides a detailed review of work on the Devonian rocks of the province from 1839, when Sedgwick and Murchison proposed establishment of the system, to the present and the recent recognition of the relationships between its numerous successions and their dependence upon, extensional and contractional tectonic structures and processes. Other sections detail the Stratigraphical Framework of Devonian strata; Devonian Chronostratigraphy, tracing development and refinement of the Series’ and Stages of the system; and Biostratigraphy, in relation to the faunal groups of the province and their relevance to biozone establishment and environmental discrimination. The chapter concludes with an explanation of current understanding of the evolution of the plate settings of the province that determined the nature of the marine Devonian and its stratigraphy in South-West England.     

吐格尔明背斜核部花岗岩的年代学、地球化学与构造环境及其对塔里木地块北缘古生代伸展聚敛旋回的揭示

塔里木盆地北缘库车坳陷东部地区吐格尔明背斜核部花岗岩发育,该套花岗岩侵位于以云母石英片岩为主的元古界基底岩系中,上覆的三叠系以角度不整合与其接触。本区花岗岩的研究对揭示库车地区的基底性质与构造演化历史具有重要意义。对吐格尔明花岗岩锆石的U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学的研究表明, 吐格尔明背斜核部的花岗岩锆石为典型岩浆成因锆石,其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果分别为626.4±5.2Ma~643.3±4.0Ma,表明它们的形成时代为新元古代晚期埃迪卡拉纪早期。该套花岗岩的SiO₂ (67.95%~78.59%)和Al₂O₃ (11.81%~16.21%) 含量均很高,A/CNK在1.2~1.6,为硅和铝过饱和类型,属典型的过铝质花岗岩;稀土元素总量为106×10^-6~207×10^-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有明显的负Eu异常;高场强元素(Ta、Nb、Ti等)具有明显的负异常,大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr等) 具有明显的正异常。吐格尔明花岗岩是由地壳物质在底侵热源或构造动力作用下引起的局部熔融形成的,属典型的壳源成因类型,形成于挤压环境向伸展环境转化阶段,推测塔里木北缘在震旦纪已开始伸展,代表了古亚洲洋早期的伸展构造环境。实验测得花岗岩钾长石⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄平均为291.4~255.8Ma,代表了花岗岩的隆升剥蚀年龄,反映出吐格尔明花岗岩在二叠纪受到挤压发生剥露的过程。因而从年代学框架上更好地约束了塔里木地块北缘在古生代由伸展裂解到聚敛隆升的构造旋回。     

徐宿地区构造特征及其演化

研究区位于苏、鲁、豫、皖交界中心,大地构造隶属于华北板块东南缘,是华北地区主要赋煤地带,自石炭—二叠纪以来,该区经受了多次构造活动,构造演化与华北板块南缘和东缘的2条板缘构造活动带密切相关。通过在研究区进行野外实际调查并结合区域地质资料的基础上,对研究区地质构造特征及其演化进行了讨论,并探讨了研究区构造对煤田的控制作用。     

Geological comparative studies of Japan Arc System and Kyushu-Palau Arc

Based on the published data of structure geology,geochronology,petrology and isotope geochemistry,the authors of this paper have conducted studies on the tectonic evolution history of Japan arc system and Kyushu-Palau ridge(KPR) . The studies show that the initial Japan arc system was resulted from the subduction of ancient Pacific plate beneath Eurasian Plate in Permian. It was part of an Andean-type continental volcanic arc which occurred in the offshore in the east of Asian during late Mesozoic era. The formation of tertiary back-arc basin(Japan Sea) resulted in the fundamental tectonic framework of the present arc system. Since Quaternary the system has been lying at E-W compression tectonic setting due to the eastward subduction of Amur Plate. It is expected that Japan arc system will be juxtaposed with Asian continent,which is similar to the present Taiwan arc system. The origin of Philippine Sea Plate(PSP) is still in debate. Some studies argued that it is a trapped oceanic crust segment,while the others insisted that it is a back-arc basin accompanied with ancient IBM arc. However,it is all agreed that the tectonic evolution of PSP started since 50 Ma,i.e.,PSP has drifted from the site around equator at 50 Ma to the present site,and the subduction of PSP along Nankai trough-Ryukyu Trench beneath the Japan arc system during 6-2 Ma led to the formation of the present Ryukyu arc system. Of the PSP,the KPR has been found with the oldest rocks formed at 38 Ma. Combining with its geochemical characteristics of oceanic arc tholeiite,it is suggested that KPR is an intraoceanic volcanic arc,more specifically,a relic arc(i.e.,rear arc of the ancient IBM) after rifting of ancient IBM. In addition,Amami-Daito province is of arc tectonic affinity,but has been affected by mantle plume. Therefore,based on their respective tectonic evolution history and geochemical characteristics of rock samples,it is inferred that there is no genetic relationship between Japan arc system and KPR. It is noted that rocks reflecting continental crust basement feature have been collected on the northern tip of KPR,which may be related to the process of KPR accreting on Japan arc,but the arc-continent accretion process are still at initial stage of modern continental crust accretion model. However,due to the scarcity of data of the northern tip of KPR,crustal structure of this location and its adjacent Nankai trough need to be further constrained by geophysical studies in the future.