一致凸Banach空间中渐近非扩张映射的收敛定理

在一致凸Banach(巴拿赫)空间中研究了渐近非扩张映射的带误差的Ishikawa迭代序列的收敛性。结果推广了原来的定理。     

含粗粒金矿样品采集加工与分析研究进展

含粗粒金矿,由于粗粒金的存在使其样品的采集、加工和分析极具挑战性,如何获得具有代表性和均匀性的化学分析样品,并提供准确的分析结果,长期以来一直是该类金矿资源勘查评价急待解决的技术难题。本文对近年来国内外含粗粒金矿样品的采集、加工和分析方法等3方面开展的研究工作及主要成果进行归纳分析,认为:1含粗粒金矿样品的采集是确保样品代表性的首要环节,含粗粒金矿样品分析结果的潜在误差有80%来源于样品采集,因此研究经济、有效的样品采集方法至关重要。2含粗粒金矿样品的加工主要从提高自然金的粉碎度,改进加工流程,选择样品加工设备等方面进行,但查明金的粒度分布及伴生矿物是拟定样品加工流程的关键。3含粗粒金矿样品的分析方法有常规的化学分析方法、批量浸金法和人工重砂加权平均法,相对于复杂的加工流程研究,后者有望成为此类样品经济有效的分析方法。本文指出,含粗粒金矿资源评价质量的误差来源于地质、采样、加工、分析等诸多方面,总体而言应最小化所有阶段误差,应特别重视样品采集方法的研究,确保采集样品的代表性是提高该类金矿资源评价质量的前提。     

GPS测量误差源及其控制分析

介绍了GPS测量中各种主要的非人为误差以及它们给测量带来的影响,对于精度控制问题,主要讨论的是小型控制网（基线长度10～20km）和局部地区应用中动态和准动态差分测量的精度控制方法。     

Accuracy of tretyakov precipitation gauge: Result of wmo intercomparison

The Tretyakov non-recording precipitation gauge has been used historically as the official precipitation measurement instrument in the Russian (formerly the USSR) climatic and hydrological station network and in a number of other European countries. From 1986 to 1993, the accuracy and performance of this gauge were evaluated during the WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison at 11 stations in Canada, the USA, Russia, Germany, Finland, Romania and Croatia. The double fence intercomparison reference (DFIR) was the reference standard used at all the Intercomparison stations in the Intercomparison. The Intercomparison data collected at the different sites are compatible with respect to the catch ratio (measured/DFIR) for the same gauge, when compared using mean wind speed at the height of the gauge orifice during the observation period. The Intercomparison data for the Tretyakov gauge were compiled from measurements made at these WMO intercomparison sites. These data represent a variety of climates, terrains and exposures. The effects of environmental factors, such as wind speed, wind direction, type of precipitation and temperature, on gauge catch ratios were investigated. Wind speed was found to be the most important factor determining the gauge catch and air temperature had a secondary effect when precipitation was classified into snow, mixed and rain. The results of the analysis of gauge catch ratio versus wind speed and temperature on a daily time step are presented for various types of precipitation. Independent checks of the correction equations against the DFIR have been conducted at those Intercomparison stations and a good agreement (difference less than 10%) has been obtained. The use of such adjustment procedures should significantly improve the accuracy and homogeneity of gauge-measured precipitation data over large regions of the former USSR and central Europe.     

一种估计粗差大小的新方法——先验方差待定参数法

提出一种利用先验方差信息进行测量数据处理中粗差估计的新方法——先验方差待定参数法。该方法无需进行最小二乘和假设检验,计算简便。从基本原理出发,给出其数学模型,然后通过3个算例,与QUAD法等其他常用的粗差估计方法进行对比,证明该方法的可靠性和实用性。     

Using CORINE land cover and the point survey LUCAS for area estimation

CORINE land cover 2000 (CLC2000) is a European land cover map produced by photo-interpretation of Landsat ETM+ images. Its direct use for area estimation can be strongly biased and does not generally report single crops. CLC areas need to be calibrated to give acceptable statistical results.LUCAS (land use/cover area frame survey) is a point survey carried out in 2001 and 2003 in the European Union (EU15) on a systematic sample of clusters of points. LUCAS is especially useful for area estimation in geographic units that do not coincide with administrative regions, such as set of coastal areas defined with a 10 km buffer. Some variance estimation issues with systematic sampling of clusters are analysed.The contingency table obtained overlaying CLC and LUCAS gives the fine scale composition of CLC classes. Using CLC for post-stratification of LUCAS is equivalent to the direct calibration estimator when the sampling units are points. Stratification is easier to adapt to a scheme in which the sampling units are the clusters of points used in LUCAS 2001/2003.     

拟准检定法及其在测量中的应用初探

经典最小二乘平差假定观测数据中不含有粗差,但随着现代测绘技术发展,数据采集的自动化程度越来越高,对数据采集过程进行人工干预较难实现,观测结果包含粗差在所难免。本文探讨利用拟准检定法进行粗差探测的原理、特点及优势,并通过模拟算例,验证了拟准检定法处理粗差的有效性。     

测量数据的质量控制理论探讨

从可靠性和粗差检测两方面分析了质控制理论研究的进展；介绍了新的统一的可靠性指标，它完全由系统的结构决定，不包含受主观因素影响的概率因子（非中心参数λ0)。详细介绍了拟准检定法的原理和实施办法，特别是初选拟准观测的一些技巧，通过一个算例比较了拟准检定法与假设检验的三种形式的计算结果，后者存在部分粗差不能发现的问题，而前者能发现全部粗差，效果较好。     

Traditional and New Ways to Handle Uncertainty in Geology

The paper presents an overview of the main types of uncertainty in geology. The best guess and uncertainty oriented approaches are outlined. Traditional methods of uncertainty analysis—deterministic and probabilistic—are discussed with special references to their limitations in geology. New mathematical methods, developed during the last decades are suitable to handle uncertainty in geology in scalar, spatial, and spatial-temporal conditions, such as uncertainty intervals, fuzzy sets, probability bounds, neural networks, hybrid arithmetic and fuzzy geostatistics. Geological applicability of these methods is discussed. Uncertainty of risk analysis for geological purposes also is outlined.     

LaCoste—Romberg G型重力仪的漂移探讨

本文针对LaCoste-Romberg G型重力仪(下文简称为LCR-G型重力仪)长期、中期、短期及静态漂移问题进行了探讨。从大量观测数据及曲线中发现,LCR-G147、LCR-G570及LCR-G596三台重力仪的漂移均存在着年变化。对8年来观测数据分析后,得出结论:如果同一测段两个往返时间差不超过1小时,一般就不必进行漂移改正,并不影响观测结果的可靠性。