贵州省主要粮食作物综合增产潜力

从大气作物土壤系统出发,建立了贵州省主要粮食和物综合生产潜力模式,提出了作物增产潜力指数的概念,分析了在现实条件下和未来条件下作物综合增产潜力的前景。     

A decision support system for floating platform design

This paper describes a methodology developed for the preliminary design of floating production platforms. The preliminary design approach interlinks the mathematical design model with global optimization techniques. To illustrate the design procedure, the initial intermediate and final results are presented. They provide a clear understanding of the mathematical model and the decision support system. The preliminary design approach described here is based on the commercial software which is interfaced to what is called the FPS system and linked to a SEARCH package for design solutions. The paper summarizes the preliminary design approach, the mathematical model optimization and presents semisubmersible and TLP platform examples.     

“96.8”暴雨过程的尺度分离动能方程的诊断

用尺度分离的动能平衡方程,对1996年8月3～5日华北地区台风暴雨过程雨区内的动能制造和转换进行诊断。结果表明:动能在暴雨发展过程逐渐减小,动能转换项也是逐渐减小的。暴雨发生前,尺度相互作用制造项GKMS起最重要的作用,大尺度动能制造项次之,中尺度动能制造项消耗少量的动能;暴雨发生时,尺度相互作用和天气尺度运动仍制造动能,只是比发生前明显减少,中尺度运动由消耗动能转变为制造动能,动能转换主要来源于低层且数值明显减少;暴雨发生后,动能制造项数值仍为正,此时天气尺度动能制造最重要,但数值比前两阶段小,动能的转换主要出现于高层。可见,此次暴雨过程总动能的制造项一直为正,主要出现于高层,只是其制造量逐渐减小;动能转换是从低层向高层进行的,水平转换项起主要作用,是一种尺度减小的动能转换过程。     

Emerald deposits and occurrences: A review

Emerald, the green gem variety of beryl, is the third most valuable gemstone (after diamond and ruby). Although it is difficult to obtain accurate statistics, Colombia supplies most (an estimated 60%, worth more than $500,000,000 per year) of the world's emeralds. However there is speculation that the emerald mines in Colombia are becoming depleted. Brazil currently accounts for approximately 10% of world emerald production. Emeralds have also been mined in Afghanistan, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, China, India, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Spain, Tanzania, the United States, and Zimbabwe.Because it is difficult to obtain accurate analyses of beryllium, most published analyses of beryl are renormalized on the basis of 18 oxygen and 3 Be atoms per formula unit. The color of emerald is due to trace amounts of chromium and/or vanadium replacing aluminum at the Y site; in most cases the Cr content is much greater than that of V. To achieve charge balance, the substitution of divalent cations at the Y site is coupled with the substitution of a monovalent cation for a vacancy at a channel site.Beryl is relatively rare because there is very little Be in the upper continental crust. Unusual geologic and geochemical conditions are required for Be and Cr and/or V to meet. In the classic model, Be-bearing pegmatites interact with Cr-bearing ultramafic or mafic rocks. However in the Colombian deposits there is no evidence of magmatic activity and it has been demonstrated that circulation processes within the host black shales were sufficient to form emerald. In addition, researchers are recognizing that regional metamorphism and tectonometamorphic processes such as shear zone formation may play a significant role in certain emerald deposits.A number of genetic classification schemes have been proposed for emerald deposits. Most are ambiguous when it comes to understanding the mechanisms and conditions that lead to the formation of an emerald deposit. Studies of individual emerald deposits show that in most cases a combination of mechanisms (magmatic, hydrothermal, and metamorphic) were needed to bring Be into contact with the chromophores. This suggests the need for a more flexible classification scheme based on mode of formation. Stable isotopes can be used to estimate the contribution of each mechanism in the formation of a particular deposit. Such estimates could perhaps be more precisely defined using trace element data, which should reflect the mode of formation.Emerald may be identified in the field by color, hardness, and form. It will tend to show up in stream sediment samples but because its specific gravity is relatively low, it will not concentrate in the heavy mineral fraction. In Colombia, structural geology, the sodium content of stream sediment samples, and the lithium, sodium, and lead contents of soil samples have all been used to find emerald occurrences. Exploration for gem beryl could result in the discovery of new occurrences of non-gem beryl or other Be minerals that could become new sources of Be and Be oxide.Future efforts should go towards creating a comprehensive data base of emerald compositions (including trace elements), determination of the role of metamorphism in the formation of some emerald deposits, improved classification schemes, and more effective exploration guidelines.     

不溶性含钾岩石工业提钾生产钾肥的不可行性再分析

针对当前有些拥有不溶性含钾岩石的地区,仍然积极推动含钾岩石的工业提钾生产钾肥的现状,本着科学决策、民主决策的精神,本文通过国内外含钾岩石研发的历史与现状,以及钾盐肥料产业的快速发展态势和市场分析,认为在今后一个相当长时间内,开发含钾岩石工业生产钾肥不是解决我国钾肥资源短缺的可行途径。把含钾岩石作为钾肥原料、工业生产可溶...     

稀有稀土资源的地质—经济分析

根据世界一些主要国家的稀有稀土资源政策以及稀有金属主要矿种（锂、铍、铌、钽、锆、稀土）的资源现状，指出世界稀有金属资源充足，可以保证未来相当长时期的需求。从总的看，世界稀有金属需求殷切，其产量和需求量呈逐年稳步增长趋势。     

“青海100万吨钾肥综合利用工程”工艺技术与安全生产分析（续完）

青海盐湖资源丰富,从单一钾肥产品向石油天然气与盐湖化工结合的下游产品发展,生产氢氧化钾、碳酸钾、乙炔、氯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、合成氨和尿素,实现循环经济和综合利用,"青海100万吨钾肥综合利用工程",势在必行。运用安全系统工程的方法,分析了所采用的工艺技术以及生产设施设备在项目投产运行后存在的主要危险、有害因素及其产生的危险、危害后果;提出了消除、预防或减弱危险性、危害程度的对策措施,以实现项目的本质安全和安全生产。     

Application of wellhead suction anchor technology in the second production test of natural gas hydrates in the South China Sea

Traditional suction anchor technology is mainly used in the fields of subsea structure bearing foundations,single-point mooring systems and offshore wind power. It is characterized by providing sufficient lateral and vertical bearing capacities and lateral bending moment. The anchor structure of a traditional suction anchor structure is improved with wellhead suction anchor technology, where a central pipe is added as a channel for drilling and completion operations. To solve the technical probl...     

全球生产网络（GPN）的理论问题和中国实践启示

全球生产网络理论(GPN)是关系经济地理学派的核心理论成果,但当前国内外研究对其发展脉络和理论内涵的认识存在模糊之处,在应用方面也存在一些误区。因此,本文从GPN与全球价值链(GVC)理论互动的视角出发,回顾GVC和GPN的重要发展阶段及对彼此的影响,针对常见的对GPN理解和应用的误区展开解释与辨析,主要得到3个结论。第一,GPN理论的研究目的已从解释"价值生产"凝练为解释"区域发展的不均衡",更贴近经济地理学的基本研究范式。第二,GPN与GVC正在从分歧走向融合,共同致力于捕捉与解释全球化动态。第三,并非所有跨国公司研究或生产网络研究都属于GPN研究,GPN专指研究跨国公司与主要相关者基于生产所形成的网络动态,不适用于以国家为单位的研究,也不着力于揭示企业内部经营管理动态。本文继而指出中国经验既需要GPN理论加以探析、也有助于丰富GPN理论,精准理解GPN尤其对中国当前推行双循环战略有重要应用价值。本文强调,GPN作为中观理论框架,有效解释了全球经济中区域发展的多尺度动态,在全球化出现逆流的新形势下,对中国全球化实践,特别是国际国内双循环发展有着鲜明的研究意义。     

波阻抗映射法外推

首先介绍了自适应滤波的方法和波阻抗映射法外推的基本原理．在小反射系数的假设条件下推导了对数波阻抗和地震道之间近似为线性映射的关系,应用自适应滤波的方法可以实现这种映射．实际资料的试算结果表明,该方法能够提供分辨率明显高于常规方法的波阻抗或层速度剖面,并与测井资料较吻合．因此,它作为测井约束反演的补充手段,是一种可用于开发地震的新方法．最后讨论了映射法波阻抗反演的局限性．