怒江州产业结构调整的生产要素分析

通过对怒江州产业结构调整的优势和劣势生产要素分析,依据市场前景广阔、产业关联度大、带动性强、经济效益好、能够支撑和带动本行业快速发展的主导产业选择原则,提出围绕矿产、水电和旅游3大资源进行扶贫-发展,立足怒江水电开发,以兰坪铅锌矿为重点的矿业开发,以民族文化、旅游景点和旅游环线为重点的旅游开发,以畜牧业和绿色产业为重点的现代农业发展作为主攻方向,推进怒江州产业结构的全面优化升级。     

珠江三角洲镇域乡镇工业生产组织与发展研究──以民乐、人和、北三镇为例

乡镇工业迅速增长是改革开放以来珠江三角洲区域经济发展的重要特征和区域城市化的主要动力。借鉴西方工业生产组织理论,从镇域这一基本空间单位出发,以民乐、人和、北三镇为例,探讨了乡镇工业企业生产的组织及其变化对镇域地方工业发展所产生的影响。认为在有关外部条件的作用下,企业本身的运作是影响珠江三角洲区域内乡镇工业发展的根本因素。在此基础上就镇级地方政府如何科学引导镇域地方乡镇工业的发展提出了建议     

海水制盐的气象条件分析

通过对广西防城港市企沙盐场1996~2005年近10年的原盐产量与气象条件的关系进行分析,得出影响海水制盐的主要气象因子是降水、蒸发量、气温、大风,并提出各种气象条件下的生产对策及气象部门对盐业服务的思路和设想。     

In situ cosmogenic nuclide production rate calibration for the CRONUS-Earth project from Lake Bonneville,Utah, shoreline features

Well-dated bedrock surfaces associated with the highstand and subsequent catastrophic draining of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, Utah, during the Bonneville flood are excellent locations for in situ cosmogenic nuclide production rate calibration. The CRONUS-Earth project sampled wave-polished bedrock and boulders on an extensive wave-cut bench formed during the Bonneville-level highstand that was abandoned almost instantaneously during the Bonneville flood. CRONUS-Earth also sampled the Tabernacle Hill basalt flow that erupted into Lake Bonneville soon after its stabilization at the Provo level, following the flood. New radiocarbon dating results from tufa at the margins of Tabernacle Hill as part of this study have solidified key aspects of the exposure history at both sites. Both sites have well-constrained exposure histories in which factors such as potential prior exposure, erosion, and shielding are either demonstrably negligible or quantifiable. Multi-nuclide analyses from multiple labs serve as an ad hoc inter-laboratory comparison that supplements and expands on the formalized CRONUS-Earth and CRONUS-EU inter-laboratory comparisons (Blard et al., 2015; Jull et al., 2015; Vermeesch et al., 2015). Results from ¹⁰Be, ²⁶Al, and ¹⁴C all exhibit scatter comparable to that observed in the CRONUS-Earth effort. Although a ³⁶Cl inter-laboratory comparison was not completed for Jull et al. (2015), ³⁶Cl from plagioclase mineral separates exhibits comparable reproducibility. Site production rates derived from these measurements provide valuable input to the global production rate calibration described by Borchers et al. (2015). Whole-rock ³⁶Cl concentrations, however, exhibit inter-laboratory variation exceeding analytical uncertainty and outside the ranges observed for the other nuclides (Jull et al., 2015). A rigorous inter-laboratory comparison studying the systematics of whole-rock ³⁶Cl extraction techniques is currently underway with the goals of delineating the source(s) of this discrepancy and standardizing these procedures going forward.     

Geological calibration of spallation production rates in the CRONUS-Earth project

Models of the production of cosmogenic nuclides typically incorporate an adjustable production rate parameter that is scaled for variations in production with latitude and altitude. In practice, this production rate parameter is set by calibration of the model using cosmogenic nuclide data from sites with independent age constraints. In this paper, we describe a calibration procedure developed during the Cosmic-Ray Produced Nuclide Systematics on Earth (CRONUS-Earth) project and its application to an extensive data set that included both new CRONUS-Earth samples and samples from previously published studies. We considered seven frameworks for elevation and latitude scaling and five commonly used cosmogenic nuclides, ³He, ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, ²⁶Al, and ³⁶Cl. In general, the results show that the calibrated production rates fail statistical tests of goodness-of-fit. One conclusion from the calibration results is that two newly developed scaling frameworks and the widely used Lal scaling framework provide qualitatively similar fits to the data, while neutron-monitor based scaling frameworks have much poorer fit to the data. To further test the fitted models, we computed site ages for a number of secondary sites not included in the primary calibration data set. The root-mean-square percent differences between the median computed ages for these secondary sites and independent ages range from 7.1% to 27.1%, differences that are much larger than the typical uncertainties in the site ages. The results indicate that there are substantial unresolved difficulties in modeling cosmogenic nuclide production and the calibration of production rates.     

Factors influencing benthic bacterial abundance, biomass, and activity on the northern continental margin and deep basin of the Gulf of Mexico

As part of a larger project on the deep benthos of the Gulf of Mexico, an extensive data set on benthic bacterial abundance (n>750), supplemented with cell-size and rate measurements, was acquired from 51 sites across a depth range of 212–3732 m on the northern continental slope and deep basin during the years 2000, 2001, and 2002. Bacterial abundance, determined by epifluorescence microscopy, was examined region-wide as a function of spatial and temporal variables, while subsets of the data were examined for sediment-based chemical or mineralogical correlates according to the availability of collaborative data sets. In the latter case, depth of oxygen penetration helped to explain bacterial depth profiles into the sediment, but only porewater DOC correlated significantly (inversely) with bacterial abundance (p<0.05, n=24). Other (positive) correlations were detected with TOC, C/N ratios, and % sand when the analysis was restricted to data from the easternmost stations (p<0.05, n=9–12). Region-wide, neither surface bacterial abundance (3.30–16.8×10⁸ bacteria cm⁻³ in 0–1 cm and 4–5 cm strata) nor depth-integrated abundance (4.84–17.5×10¹³ bacteria m⁻², 0–15 cm) could be explained by water depth, station location, sampling year, or vertical POC flux. In contrast, depth-integrated bacterial biomass, derived from measured cell sizes of 0.027–0.072 μm³, declined significantly with station depth (p<0.001, n=56). Steeper declines in biomass were observed for the cross-slope transects (when unusual topographic sites and abyssal stations were excluded). The importance of resource changes with depth was supported by the positive relationship observed between bacterial biomass and vertical POC flux, derived from measures of overlying productivity, a relationship that remained significant when depth was held constant (partial correlation analysis, p<0.05, df=50). Whole-sediment incubation experiments under simulated in situ conditions, using ³H-thymidine or ¹⁴C-amino acids, yielded low production rates (5–75 μg C m⁻² d⁻¹) and higher respiration rates (76–242 μg C m⁻² d⁻¹), with kinetics suggestive of resource limitation at abyssal depths. Compared to similarly examined deep regions of the open ocean, the semi-enclosed Gulf of Mexico (like the Arabian Sea) harbors in its abyssal sediments a greater biomass of bacteria per unit of vertically delivered POC, likely reflecting the greater input of laterally advected, often unreactive, material from its margins.     

Biogeochemistry of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in the surface microlayer and subsurface water of the western North Atlantic during spring

Sixteen surface microlayer samples and corresponding subsurface water samples were collected in the western North Atlantic during April–May 2003 to study the distribution and cycling of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and the factors influencing them. In the surface microlayer, high concentrations of DMS appeared mostly in the samples containing high levels of chlorophyll a, and a significant correlation was found between DMS and chlorophyll a concentrations. In addition, microlayer DMS concentrations were correlated with microlayer DMSPd (dissolved) concentrations. DMSPd was found to be enriched in the microlayer with an average enrichment factor (EF) of 5.19. However, no microlayer enrichment of DMS was found for most samples collected. Interestingly, the DMS production rates in the microlayer were much higher than those in the subsurface water. Enhanced DMS production in the microlayer was likely due to the higher concentrations of DMSPd in the microlayer. A consistent pattern was observed in this study in which the concentrations of DMS, DMSPd, DMSPp (particulate) and chlorophyll a in the microlayer were closely related to their corresponding subsurface water concentrations, suggesting that these constituents in the microlayer were directly dependent on the transport from the bulk liquid below. Enhanced DMS production in the microlayer further reinforces the conclusion that the surface microlayer has greater biological activity relative to the underlying water.     

河北雄县地热田钻井地温测量及地温场特征

根据研究区22口井的实测井温资料及前人的研究成果,开展了雄县地区地温场分析,对雄县地热田地温场的特点取得了以下认识：雄县地热田的盖层以传导热传递方式为主,热储层中源于供暖期热水生产和回灌引起的地下水受迫对流的影响,以对流热传递为主,不同静井时间的重复测温结果显示,静井时间的长短和井内流体的运移方式（抽水或回灌）控制了井内温度的分布及井内温度的动态变化：静井时间增加则测得的温度在中性点上下呈反向变化,生产井和回灌井的测温曲线存在明显不同,雄县热田第四系底部的温度为32.8 ℃～48 ℃,容城凸起为28 ℃～35 ℃,雄县热田第三系底部温度为64.5 ℃～81.3 ℃,容城凸起为45 ℃～60 ℃。雄县地热田盖层内的地温梯度为43.9～72.2 ℃/km之间,平均为51 ℃/km,容城凸起的井地温梯度为31.4～41.1 ℃/km,平均为37.1 ℃/km。雄县地热田内盖层导热流值变化为80.61～113.86 mW/m² 的范围。     

垂向归纳模型下鄱阳湖丰、枯水期初级生产力特征及与环境因子相关性分析

于2014年1月(枯水期)、7月(丰水期)对鄱阳湖湖水进行采集,测定相应的理化参数、叶绿素a浓度和光合有效辐射,结合初级生产力垂向归纳模型估算浮游植物初级生产力,分析湖区初级生产力特征及与环境因子的相关性.结果表明,鄱阳湖枯水期浮游植物初级生产力波动范围为83.50~355.43 mg C/(m~3·d),平均值为193.33 mg C/(m~3·d),初级生产力空间分布特征主要受水体类型的影响,枯水期初级生产力与氮、磷营养盐浓度呈负相关,其中与铵态氮浓度呈显著负相关,枯水期不会出现营养盐限制现象;丰水期浮游植物初级生产力波动范围为113.80~1134.06 mg C/(m~3·d),平均值为412.12 mg C/(m~3·d),初级生产力空间分布主要受河流注入的影响,丰水期浮游植物初级生产力与总磷及悬浮物浓度呈显著正相关,由于悬浮物对浮游植物生长的促进作用大于抑制作用,鄱阳湖丰水期会出现磷营养盐的限制;鄱阳湖整体平均流速约为0.28 m/s,易于浮游植物的生长,南鄱阳湖平均流速约为0.21 m/s,而北鄱阳湖平均流速约为0.35 m/s,所以南鄱阳湖比北鄱阳湖更容易发生水体富营养化并暴发水华.     

Governance and territoriality in Norwegian fisheries

This paper focuses on the informal and institutional governance structures that are embedded within local production systems in Norwegian fisheries. Important issues concern the regional distribution of fish landings resulting from the tendency in some regional production systems to use large fishing vessels, and the negative consequences of this for peripheral regions and inshore fisheries. The influence of powerful central production systems is considered in terms of territorial dominance over fishing grounds.