河北省强震区内外深部S波速度结构特征研究

利用短周期记录的S波记录反演了沙城老震区及其邻区共3个台站下方的剪切波速度结构，并进行了对比分析。结合以前得到的邢台、唐山震区及其附近5个台站的速度结构，发现强震区具有几个大致相同的构造特征，即：（1）地壳厚度低于周围台站；（2）S波低速层速度低于周围地区，高低速层差异大；（3）具有较低的上地幔S波速度；（4）强震往往发生在低速层上面的高速层内或高低速层交界面上；（5）易震层往往是两个低速层夹持的高速层等，并对这种结构易于发震的机理给出了分析。总之强震的发生是与低速层紧密相磁的，而剪切波对于反映低速体构造非常敏感，因此S波速度结构研究对于揭示强震的深部构造背景，深入研究震源机制都是很有意义的。而且，强震我所共同具有的这种特征为我们今后强震危险区的划分和强震地点的预测提供了较为科学的依据。     

皖南东至地区寒武系层序地层研究

皖南东至地区寒武系在地层分区上可以分为下扬子地层分区、过渡地层分区和江南地层分区，生物群上出现了两区特征分子和过渡区的混生现象，并处于台地与盆地交接部位。通过对分别位于台地、斜坡和盆地露头层序地层研究，将寒武纪地层自下而上划分为三个Ⅱ类沉积层序和二个Ⅰ类沉积层序，早寒武世的三个Ⅱ类沉积层序的陆架边缘体系域不发育；中寒武世晚期到晚寒武世的二个Ⅰ类沉积层序皆由低水位体系域、海侵体系域和高水位体系域 组成三元结构。通过层序地层分析和沉积体系演化建立了相应的海平面变化曲线，自早寒武世早期本区海平面达到最高位和最大上升速率后，至寒武纪末研究区海平面总体处于下降过程，即海平面为累进式的缓慢的下降。     

中国经济区研究述评

回顾改革开放以来我国几个具有代表性的综合经济区划方案 ,总结 2 0年来中国经济区研究的发展趋势 ,并探讨经济区的范围、边界 ,以及经济区研究的方向和意义等问题     

环洞庭湖区城镇体系发展研究

通过对环洞庭湖区城镇体系发展的历史背景以及现状特征分析，指出其发展过程存在着城市空间格局发展不平衡，产业结构重复严重等问题，在此基础上，提出了相应的对策与发展措施，确保环湖区内城镇体系的持续，快速发展，并最终实现带动区域经济发展的目的。     

盆中丘陵区生态恢复重建的生态与经济效益亟待提高

以紫色岩为背景的盆中丘陵区 ,是构建长江上游生态屏障的重点地区。近 10多年来 ,以林木植被恢复重建为主要内容的生态建设取得了显著成效 ,平均森林覆盖率已达到 2 2 %。但是 ,森林植被生态系统的生态与经济功能尚处于较低的水平 ,其中桤柏混交林生态系统开始出现退化的趋势 ,纯柏林面积日趋扩大 ,病虫害逐年增多。为此需应用生态学和经济学原理 ,实施农村生态经济工程建设的途径 ,把该地区生态建设推向一个新的水平。     

西藏羌塘中央隆起区物质组成与构造演化

对羌塘中央隆起区的物质成分及构造演化规律的认识 ,涉及到青藏高原特提斯演化、羌塘盆地的形成发展及高原的隆升过程。对羌塘中央隆起区构造演化在认识上目前有较大分歧 ,主要有两种观点 :1)认为扎布 (察布 )—查桑地区发育裂谷 ,没有发育成特提斯洋盆 ;2 )龙木错—双湖 (—澜沧江 )古特提斯缝合带 ,代表古特提斯洋的闭合遗迹之一。基于对羌塘中央隆起区物质成分及属性 ,以及同位素年代学研究 ,将羌塘中央隆起中泥盆世—早白垩世的构造发展历史划分了六个阶段 ,即D2 —C11初始裂谷阶段 ;C21—C2 裂谷阶段 ;P1海底扩张—大洋化阶段 ;P2 —T2 板块汇聚—消减阶段 ;T3 —J1板块碰撞阶段 ;J2 —K1碰撞—整体抬升阶段。羌塘中央隆起构造演化经历了一个完整的威尔逊旋回     

Latent heat effects of the major mantle phase transitions on low-angle subduction

Very low to zero shallow dip angles are observed at several moderately young subduction zones with an active trenchward moving overriding plate. We have investigated the effects of latent heat for this situation, where mantle material is pushed through the major mantle phase transitions during shallow low-angle subduction below the overriding plate. The significance of the buoyancy forces, arising from the latent heat effects, on the dynamics of the shallowly subducting slab is examined by numerical modeling. When a 32-Ma-old slab is overridden with 2.5 cm/yr by a continent, flat subduction occurs with a 4–5 cm/yr convergence rate. When latent heat is included in the model, forced downwellings cause a thermal anomaly and consequently thermal and phase buoyancy forces. Under these circumstances, the flat slab segment subducts horizontally about 350 km further and for about 11 Ma longer than in the case without latent heat, before it breaks through the 400-km phase transition. The style of subduction strongly depends on the mantle rheology: increasing the mantle viscosity by one order of magnitude can change the style of subduction from steep to shallow. Similarly, an overriding velocity of less than 1 cm/yr leads to steep subduction, which gradually changes to flat subduction when increasing the overriding velocity. However, these model parameters do not change the aforementioned effect of the latent heat, provided that low-angle subduction occurs. In all models latent heat resulted in a substantial increase of the flat slab length by 300–400 km. Varying the olivine–spinel transition Clapeyron slope γ from 1 to 6 MPa/K reveals a roughly linear relation between γ and the horizontal length of the slab. Based on these results, we conclude that buoyancy forces due to latent heat of phase transitions play an important role in low-angle subduction below an overriding plate.     

High precision glacial–interglacial benthic foraminiferal Sr/Ca records from the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea

Glacial–interglacial variation in the marine Sr/Ca ratio has important implications for coral Sr thermometry [J.W. Beck et al., Science 257 (1992) 644–647]. A possible variation of 1–3% was proposed based on ocean models [H.M. Stoll and D.P. Schrag, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 1107–1118]. Subsequently, studies have used fossil foraminifera to test this prediction [P.A. Martin et al., Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1 (1999); H.M. Stoll et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63 (1999) 3535–3547; H. Elderfield et al., Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1 (2000)]. But whether some component of foraminiferal Sr/Ca variation can be uniquely ascribed to seawater Sr variation is still not clear. To address this question, we developed cleaning and analysis techniques and measured Sr/Ca ratios on individual shells of the modern benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. We showed that different size shells have different Sr/Ca ratios; however, samples with shell sizes of 355–500 μm appear to have normally distributed Sr/Ca ratios (1σ=1.8%). For multi-shell measurements (with estimated errors of 0.12–0.39%), the ratio varied by as much as 7.2±0.5% during the last glaciation for two Caribbean records at the same site and by 3.7±0.5% over the past 40,000 yr for one record from the Sierra Leone Rise in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. The two Caribbean records are very similar indicating that the behavior of shell Sr uptake was identical locally and that the shell Sr/Ca ratio faithfully reflects the local environment. The Atlantic record differs from the Caribbean records by as much as several percent. Thus, the foraminiferal Sr/Ca changes cannot be solely due to changes in seawater Sr/Ca unless the glacial deep ocean had spatial variation in Sr/Ca well in excess of the modern ocean. Certain similarities between the three records do exist. Notably, the rate of change of Sr/Ca is similar between 9 and 0 ka (−0.25%/kyr) and between 25 and 16 ka (+0.16%/kyr). This suggests that during these intervals, benthic foraminiferal Sr/Ca was affected by similar large-scale variables. One of these variables may be the average marine Sr/Ca ratio; however, comparison with model predictions [H.M. Stoll and D.P. Schrag, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 1107–1118] suggests other factors must also be considered. The discrepancies between the two sites may be related to the different water mass histories for the Caribbean and eastern Atlantic. Our results suggest that variation of the seawater Sr budget only partially contributed to C. wuellerstorfi Sr/Ca records, while other significant factors still need to be quantified. At present we cannot confidently determine past seawater Sr/Ca variation from our foraminiferal records.     

锦屏隆里地区剪切构造变形的初步研究

在隆里地区新元古界下江群中发育有剪切变形的构造，形成脆－韧性剪切带（过渡性剪切带）。按其产状可分为切层和顺层过渡性剪切带两类，具有较典型的脆性－韧性变形的宏观和微观特征。此类变形是地壳浅层次剪切构造作用产物，显示了江南造山带外带的特征