深圳市1 km高分辨率厘米级高精度大地水准面的确定

利用65个精度优于2 cm的GPS水准数据、5 213个实测重力点数据、100 m分辨率的数字地形模型和WDM94地球重力场模型,采用移去-恢复技术计算了深圳市1 km分辨率的大地水准面模型.将该模型大地水准面高与由29个GPS水准得到的大地水准面高进行比较,其差值的标准差为±1.4 cm.     

夏季城市热场的卫星遥感分析

利用1998年8月4日上海幅TM6图像,经定位、配准、纠正、图像处理、噪声剔除、亮温标定及特征提取等步骤,得出上海市亮温分布场,同时对其热力景观、细部结构及其成因做了分析。实践证明,TM6图像可作为城市热环境质量评价、生态城市规划的背景资料和依据。     

大地电场观测深埋铅电极测量系统试验

为使用铅电极替代不极化电极,以解决滨海地区大地电场观测系统稳定性差的问题,先后开展了浅埋的铅电极与不极化电极的大地电场对比观测,以及深埋铅电极与浅埋铅电极的对比观测试验。结果表明:铅电极与固体不极化电极的观测数据在短期内有较好的一致性;深埋铅电极的大地电场观测资料在长期稳定性上优于固体不极化电极;而观测数据的内在观测质量也高于浅埋铅电极。     

Central Europe: Active or residual tectonic stresses

The regional stress field in the Western Alps and their northern foreland has been investigated byin situ stress determinations. More than 600 strain relief measurements were made with resistance strain gages in boreholes carried out in mines, tunnels and quarries. The stresses calculated and data obtained from other papers were used to get a detailed idea of the stress conditions in Central Europe.The measurements confirm a continuous flux of compressive stress from the Alps to the northern foreland east of the Rhinegraben. The largest stresses are observed in the Central Alps, the lowest in the Rhinegraben rift system. The horizontal stresses exceed at nearly all places the vertical ones. Evidently the excess of horizontal stress is generated by active plate tectonics in the Alps. A tectonic model to explain the observed stress pattern is presented.     

人工侧向冻结条件下土的冻结试验

在人工侧向冻结、正弦和恒温2种冻结温度、开放和封闭条件下,对含水率为32 %的重塑粉质黏土进行了4组冻结试验。结果表明,补水条件相同时侧向正弦冻结试样的冻结速度比封闭正弦冻结试验的缓慢,当其冻结状态进入稳态之后,试样的整体温度场随着侧向冻结温度的正弦变化而出现相应的波动,但径向各段的温度梯度的相位滞后于正弦温度相位半个周期;正弦冻结试样与恒温冻结试样在同一条件下的冻胀量相近,封闭体系下自上而下轴向冻结试样的冻胀量高于同条件下侧向冻结试样的冻胀量;人工冻结工程中应考虑大气环境温度变化（如昼夜温差）及冷能侧向输入土体内时对冻土温度场的变化的影响。     

Stress Field Estimations for Colima Volcano, Mexico, Based on Seismic Data

 For first time, during 1991, seismic activity was recorded during an eruption at Colima volcano. We analyze these data to obtain a stress pattern using a composite focal mechanism technique. From the analysis of regional seismicity, the Tamazula Fault and the Armeria River appear as active features and the dip of the slab east of the Jalisco Block is approximately 12°. Southwest of Colima volcano a vertical alignment of seismic events was observed. We estimate five different composite focal mechanism solutions from our data set, which indicate a change of the stress field at the volcano after the 1991 eruption. These solutions suggest that the stress field in the volcanic edifice was controlled by stresses related to the emplacement of magma superimposed on the regional stress field. No evidence of active local faults in the volcanic edifice was found. We propose a model for the eruptive process that involves tilting of the volcanic edifice. Received: 15 October 1995 / Accepted: 26 October 1998     

27‐day variations of solar indices and cosmic ray neutron monitor intensities

Solar activity indices (coronal, chromospheric as well as photospheric) and cosmic ray neutron monitor rates (different cut‐off rigidity) have been used to study 27‐day variations in the years from 1957 to 2004. Daily data were employed for this purpose, analysed by the FFT and wavelet techniques. To work with a continuous data set for the cosmic rays (CR), the ‘Composite Cosmic Ray’ (CCR) set was first created from the observations carried out at different neutron monitor stations. The CCR frequency analysis shows significant 27‐day variations in the intensity of CR, with its amplitude's values very sensitive to the sign of the quantity qA. The most significant 27‐day variations of CR were found not to correlate with those of other solar indices. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Structural characteristics of the KPR-CBR triple-junction inferred from gravity and magnetic interpretations,Philippine Sea Plate

The intersection of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) and the Central Basin Rift (CBR) of the West Philippine Basin (WPB) is a relic of a trench-trench-rift (TTR) type triple-junction, which preserves some pivotal information on the cessation of the seafloor spreading of the WPB, the emplacement and disintegration of the proto-Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Arc, and the transition from initial rifting to steady-state spreading of the Parece Vela Basin (PVB). However, the structural characteristics of this triple-junction have not been thoroughly understood. In this paper, using the newly acquired multi-beam bathymetric, gravity, and magnetic data obtained by the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, the authors depict the topographic, gravity, and magnetic characteristics of the triple-junction and adjacent region. Calculations including the upward continuations and total horizontal derivatives of gravity anomaly are also performed to highlight the major structural features and discontinuities. Based on these works, the morphological and structural features and their formation mechanisms are analyzed. The results show that the last episode amagmatic extension along the CBR led to the formation of a deep rift valley, which extends eastward and incised the KPR. The morphological and structural fabrics of the KPR near and to the south of the triple-junction are consistent with those of the western PVB, manifesting as a series of NNE-SSW- and N-S-trending ridges and troughs, which were produced by the extensional faults associated with the initial rifting of the PVB. The superposition of the above two reasons induced the prominent discontinuity of the KPR in deep and shallow crustal structures between 15°N–15°30′N and 13°30′N–14°N. Combined with previous authors’ results, we propose that the stress produced by the early spreading of the PVB transmitted westward and promoted the final stage amagmatic extension of the CBR. The eastward propagation of the CBR destroyed the KPR, of which the magmatism had decayed or ceased at that time. The destruction mechanism of the KPR associated with the rifting of the PVB varies along strike the KPR. Adjacent to the triple-junction, the KPR was destroyed mainly due to the oblique intersection of the PVB rifting center. Whereas south of the triple-junction, the KPR was destroyed by the E-W-directional extensional faulting on its whole width.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

新疆比勒提地区断裂构造磁异常信息提取及解释

比勒提地区位于新疆西南天山,以该区1：50000高精度磁测数据为基础,采用解析延拓、方向导数等技术手段提取与断裂构造有关的磁异常信息,对区域内构造进行识别,结合标本物性参数统计,对引起磁异常的原因进行分析。对区域磁异常向上延拓及求一阶导数后进行对比,圈定4个特征异常带A1-A4,结合地质资料,识别出4条断裂构造FW1-FW4,FW1和FW2对应喀拉铁克断裂及其次级断裂,FW3为构造动力作用产生的强片理化带,FW4为隐伏断裂,表明高精度磁法测量在本区能有效识别断裂并反映其分布。