南黄海盆地南部坳陷晚白垩世-第四纪构造演化对油气的控制

受盆地差异成因机制的影响,南黄海盆地南部坳陷类型及构造演化有多种认识,并存在很大争议。通过重新划分构造单元和构造层,深入研究构造特征;将建湖隆起延伸入海,首次提出将南二凹陷划分为南二凹陷北和南二凹陷南两个凹陷;建立盆地构造格架,明确中新生代构造演化阶段及性质,以张引作用为主与挤压隆升相间,构成多期构造旋回;揭示构造对油气的控制作用,确定阜宁组为烃源岩发育有利层位,南五凹陷为烃源岩分布最优区域,并认为南五凹陷可以存在二次生烃;进行油气成藏模式对比,从而优选南五凹陷为最优区块。     

松潘-甘孜南部放马坪-三岩龙花岗岩的成因及其构造意义

松潘-甘孜造山带内广泛出露印支期花岗岩类,目前对该区印支期花岗岩的研究主要集中于东部、中部地区,南部地区的研究相对较少.放马坪-三岩龙花岗质杂岩体位于松潘-甘孜造山带南部的九龙地区,根据主微量元素特征的不同可被划分为两大类:第一类具有C型埃达克岩的特征,Sr＞541×10,Y＜12.4×10～,Sr/Y＞55,轻重稀土...     

南大洋二氧化碳源汇分布及其海-气通量研究

在 1 999年 1 2月 - 2 0 0 0年 2月“雪龙”号科学考察船往返于中山站和长城站期间 ,进行了大气及海表层 CO2 分压的连续测量。研究结果表明 ,在 80°W- 0°- 80°E之间 ,南大洋基本上是大气 CO2 的汇 ,尤其在 45°W- 3 0°W及 1 0°W- 1 0°E之间 ,是 CO2 的强汇区 ,往返的两次观测结果十分相似。观测发现 ,南大洋 1月份吸收大气 CO2 的能力近两倍于 1 2月份 ,这是由于该海域1月的生产力比 1 2月份高 ,因而反映了初级生产对大气 CO2 吸收的显著影响。利用最新的 K值计算方法表明 ,1月份二氧化碳的入海通量为 3 .98mol/(m2 · a) ,1 2月份的为2 .1 3 mol/(m2 · a) ,综合两个月的值平均 ,南大洋夏季 CO2 的平均通量为 3 .0 6 mol/(m2 · a) ,是南半球夏季一个重要的汇区     

水利工程对长江荆南三口水系结构变化的影响

利用1954、1975、1990、2008和2016年5期长江荆南三口水系图进行解译,并运用灰色关联度模型定量评价区内外水利工程对水系结构变化的影响。结果表明：① 近60 多年来,荆南三口在水系结构一般特征上,河流数量由264条缩减为132条,河流长度由2 183.6 km缩短为1 560.6 km,河频率与水面率分别由0.084条/km ²、17.45%减小为0.042条/km ²、14.33%;在水系结构发育特征上,河网密度、面积长度比和河网发育系数由1954年的0.687 km/km ²、3.96 km/km ²、6.902,依次减小为2016年的0.475 km/km ²、3.17 km/km ²、4.165;从分形特征上看,三口水系4个河区的分维数都在1.5~2.0之间波动,但均呈下降趋势。这表明随着水利工程的不断建设,荆南三口水系自然发育过程受到严重干扰;② 水系结构特征变化受水库总库容影响最大,内部水利工程次之,外部水利工程影响最小,各项指标的灰色关联度均大于0.5。其中,区外水利工程与河频率、水面率、河网密度、河网发育系数、分形维数的灰色关联度分别为0.571 8、0.592 2、0.585 8、0.577 1、0.634 0;区内水利工程数量与各项指标的灰色关联度分别为0.632 5、0.652 7、0.646 5、0.630 6、0.693 7;水库总库容与各项指标的灰色关联度依次为0.707 0、0.729 4、0.722 6、0.712 7和0.728 4。③ 水利工程对水系结构的影响在不同时段呈现出不同的状态,在不同时期水利工程相继运行的叠加影响下,水系受到水利工程影响逐渐增大,水系结构逐步呈现简化趋势。     

Sm–Nd isotopic compositions as a proxy for magmatic processes during the Neoproterozoic of the southern Brazilian shield

Combined analyses of Nd isotopes from a wide range of Neoarchaean–Cretaceous igneous rocks provides a proxy to study magmatic processes and the evolution of the lithosphere. The main igneous associations include the Neoproterozoic granitoids from the southern Brazilian shield, which were formed during two tectonothermal events of the Brasiliano cycle: the São Gabriel accretionary orogeny (900–700 Ma) and the Dom Feliciano collisional orogeny (660–550 Ma). Rocks related to the formation of the São Gabriel arc (900–700 Ma) mainly have a depleted juvenile signature. For the Neoproterozoic collisional event, the petrogenetic discussion focuses on two old crustal segments and three types of mantle components. However, no depleted juvenile material was involved in the formation of the Dom Feliciano collisional belt (800–550 Ma), which implies an ensialic environment for the Dom Feliciano orogeny. In the western Neoproterozoic foreland, records of a Neoarchaean lower crust predominate, whereas a Paleoproterozoic crust does in the eastern Dom Feliciano belt. The western foreland includes two amalgamated geotectonic domains, the São Gabriel arc and Taquarembó block. In the collisional belt, the old crust was intensely reworked during the São Gabriel event. In addition to the Neoproterozoic subduction-processed subcontinental lithosphere (São Gariel arc), we recognize two old enriched mantle components, which also are identified in the Paleoproterozoic intraplate tholeiites from Uruguay and the Cretaceous potassic suites from eastern Paraguay. One end member displays the prominent influence of Trans-Amazonian (2.3–2.0 Ga) or older subduction events, whereas the other can be interpreted as a reenrichment of the first during the latest Trans-Amazonian collisional or younger events. This reenriched mantle is documented in late Neoproterozoic suites from the western foreland (605–550 Ma) and younger suites from the eastern collisional belt (600–580 Ma). The other enriched mantle component with an old subduction signature, however, appears only in older rocks of the collisional belt (800–600 Ma). The participation of the subduction-related Brasiliano mantle as an end member of binary mixing occurred in some early Neoproterozoic suites (605–580 Ma) from the western foreland, but the contribution of the Neoarchaean lower crust increased near the late igneous event (575–550 Ma).     

中国南部沿海暴雨东风波特征及SST影响机制研究

分析1999—2013年影响我国南部沿海的东风波,可分为3类:偏南东风波、西行东风波以及近海东风波。太平洋副热带高压是影响3类东风波特征的关键系统,其西伸与北进直接引导东风波路径及活动位置。东风波的分类合成结构特征显示:强涡度中心指示东风波槽中心,强涡度中心通常位于850 h Pa及以下。东风波低层为强辐合场,槽后有整层的垂直上升区。偏南东风波波槽轴线随高度向西倾斜,西行东风波和近海东风波波槽轴线近乎垂直。合成诊断还显示,东风波的海上移动有向SST(Sea Surface Temperature,海表温度)大值趋暖的趋势。数值模拟证实,增强东风波槽前SST暖中心的强度,将引起槽区低层和槽后中层出现负变高中心,同时SST的增温将通过感热与潜热促使东风波槽强度加强,将进一步地增强东风波暴雨强度和雨带的北移。并增强中低层流场的气旋式气流成分,增强低层辐合场,维持深厚垂直上升运动层。典型西行东风波个例分析显示,螺旋度与东风波强度成正比,东风波纬向位温偏差显示东风波在热力场上具有"上暖下冷"的不稳定垂直结构。东风波涡度增强时,扰动动能向分层扰动位能转化。东风波强度减弱时,分层扰动位能向扰动动能转化。     

南天山山前冲断带的构造样式及成因探讨

塔里木盆地南天山山前冲断带东西分段、南北分带.受走滑断裂控制,自西向东分为喀什北缘、西克尔区段、柯坪断隆主体、温宿凸起和库车坳陷.受南天山逆掩推覆作用影响,发育多排NE向构造带,喀什北缘主要发育乌恰、阿图什、喀什3排构造带,柯坪断隆主体发育3排古生界逆冲褶皱带,库车坳陷主要由北部单斜带、克拉苏—依奇克里克、秋里塔格构造带组成.由于山前带基底结构和构造运动的差异,造成了各区段地层分布的不均衡,普遍发育的逆冲断裂和走滑断裂,使得地质结构和构造样式更为复杂,多套塑性地层对区带展布和构造变形起到了重要作用.     

Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the Achankovil Zone: Implications for the correlation of crustal blocks in southern India

The Achankovil Zone of southern India, a NW–SE trending lineament of 8–10 km in width and > 100 km length, is a kinematically debated crustal feature, considered to mark the boundary between the Madurai Granulite Block in the north and the Trivandrum Granulite Block in the south. Both these crustal blocks show evidence for ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism during the Pan-African orogeny, although the exhumation styles are markedly different. The Achankovil Zone is characterized by discontinuous strands of cordierite-bearing gneiss with an assemblage of cordierite + garnet + quartz + plagioclase + spinel + ilmenite + magnetite ± orthopyroxene ± biotite ± K-feldspar ± sillimanite. The lithology preserves several peak and post-peak metamorphic assemblages including: (1) orthopyroxene + garnet, (2) perthite and/or anti-perthite, (3) cordierite ± orthopyroxene corona around garnet, and (4) cordierite + quartz symplectite after garnet. We estimate the peak metamorphic conditions of these rocks using orthopyroxene-bearing geothermobarometers and feldspar solvus which yield 8.5–9.5 kbar and 940–1040 °C, the highest P–T conditions so far recorded from the Achankovil Zone. The retrograde conditions were obtained from cordierite-bearing geothermobarometers at 3.5–4.5 kbar and 720 ± 60 °C. From orthopyroxene chemistry, we record a multistage exhumation history for these rocks, which is closely comparable with those reported in recent studies from the Madurai Granulite Block, but different from those documented from the Trivandrum Granulite Block. An evaluation of the petrologic and geochronologic data, together with the nature of exhumation paths leads us to propose that the Achankovil Zone is probably the southern flank of the Madurai Granulite Block, and not a unit of the Trivandrum Granulite Block as presently believed. Post-tectonic alkali granites that form an array of “suturing plutons” along the margin of the Madurai Granulite Block and within the Achankovil Zone, but are absent in the Trivandrum Granulite Block, suggest that the boundary between the Madurai Granulite Block and the Trivandrum Granulite Block might lie along the Tenmalai shear zone at the southern extremity of the Achankovil Zone.     

论成矿台阶

成矿台阶系指同一成矿区，同一成矿系列的同一类型矿床的主要矿体赋存在相应的标高范围内，湘南－粤北地区，铌钽矿床的成矿台阶为640－980m;石英脉－黑钨矿床600－1400m，石英脉一白钨矿床100－400m，矽卡岩型白钨矿床100－860m;浅源重熔岩浆系列铅锌矿床600－1100m，深源同熔岩浆系列铅锌矿床－200－100m，最深可达－700m;石英脉型锡石矿床650－1400m，锡石－硫化物，蚀变花岗岩型，云英岩型锡矿床450－650m，香花岭，界牌岭锡多金属矿床－200－270m，利用成矿台阶新理念，指导上述矿床的勘查，可以收到事半功倍的探矿效果。     

近50年中国大陆冬季气温和区域环流的年代际变化研究

利用中国大陆468 个站点1960～2013 年逐日气温资料,本文首先对中国冬季气温的年代际变化特征进行分析。通过气候跃变检验分析发现,中国冬季气温在整体变暖的趋势上叠加有年代际波动,可划分为冷期、暖期和停滞期三个时期。本文对比三个时期的冬季大气环流发现,冷/停滞期（暖）期西风环流减弱（增强）而东亚大槽增强（浅薄）,槽后的辐合下沉增强（削弱）,西伯利亚高压增强（减弱）,这加强（削弱）了东亚冬季风,冷空气更多（少）侵入中国大陆地区,冬季气温偏低（高）。北半球环状模/北极涛动（Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode,NAM/Arctic Oscillation,AO）正是通过东亚冬季风系统对中国冬季气温,尤其是冬季最低气温有很强的年代际影响。太平洋年代际振荡（Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO）与中国冬季气温在年代际上也有很好的正相关关系。进一步将PDO 的年代际变化分量作为背景,分析NAM/AO 和厄尔尼诺—南方涛动（El Nino Southern Oscillation,ENSO）不同配置下的东亚冬季风环流场可以发现,两者的配置作用不仅影响着中国冬季气温一致变化型的年代际波动,而且也可以影响到冬季气温南北反相振荡型的变化,这从一个方面解释了1980 年代和1990年代北方变暖较强及最近十年北方降温趋势较为明显的原因。