Large eddy simulations of two-dimensional turbulent convection in a density-stratified fluid

Large eddy simulations (LES) of two-dimensional turbulent convection within the anelastic approximation are presented for Rayleigh number Ra?=?10⁹, Prandtl number Pr?=?1 with free-slip boundary conditions. Various subgrid-scale (SGS) models are investigated such as a similarity model, a dynamic similarity model, a dynamic eddy-viscosity model, a hyperdiffusion model and a hybrid model (dynamic similarity hyperdiffusion model). To study the effects of density stratification on the models, we have also carried out simulations for a Boussinesq flow. The SGS models are compared to direct numerical simulation (DNS) data on the basis of kinetic energy and entropy variance spectra, mean entropy profiles, r.m.s. entropy profiles and r.m.s. kinetic energy density profiles. The results show that for the Boussinesq flow, all the SGS models agree fairly well with the high resolution DNS data. However, for the strongly density-stratified flow, only the hyperdiffusion and the hybrid model show good performance.     

Rigorous new limits on magnetic helicity dissipation in the solar corona

Abstract

The Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is employed to find geometry-independent limits on the magnetic helicity dissipation rate in a resistive plasma. These limits only depend upon the total energy of the plasma, the energy dissipation rate, and a mean diffusion coefficient. For plasmas isolated from external energy sources, limits can also be set on the minimum time necessary to dissipate a net amount of helicity ΔH. As evaluated in the context of a solar coronal loop, these limits strongly suggest that helicity decay occurs on a diffusion timescale which is far too great to be relevant to most coronal processes. Furthermore, rapid reconnection is likely to approximately conserve magnetic helicity. The dilliculties involved in determining the free energy residing in a magnetic structure (given the constraint of magnetic helicity conservation) are discussed.     

A meshless method for axisymmetric problems in continuously nonhomogeneous saturated porous media

A meshless method based on the local Petrov–Galerkin approach is proposed to analyze 3-d axisymmetric problems in porous functionally graded materials. Constitutive equations for porous materials possess a coupling between mechanical displacements for solid and fluid phases. The work is based on the u–u formulation and the incognita fields of the coupled analysis in focus are the solid skeleton displacements and the fluid displacements. Independent spatial discretization is considered for each phase of the model, rendering a more flexible and efficient methodology. Both displacements are approximated by the moving least-squares (MLS) scheme. The paper presents in the first time a general meshless method for the numerical analysis of axisymmetric problems in continuously nonhomogeneous saturated porous media. Numerical results are given for boreholes in continuously nonhomogeneous porous medium with prescribed misfit and exponential variation of material parameters in the excavation zone.     

基本气流的垂直切变对热带行星尺度大气波动的影响

通过一个赤道β平面上的绝热无摩擦的两层模式,讨论了线性垂直切变的纬向基本气流对热带行星尺度大气波动的影响。在长波近似下,当有纬向基本气流垂直切变时,可得到与东传Kelvin波和西传Rossby波对应的不稳定模态。对不稳定的Kelvin波模态,其相速受垂直切变的影响不大,而对不稳定的Rossby波模态,切变越大,西传速度越小。基本气流的垂直切变主要影响热带Rossby波。     

叠前弹性反演在苏里格气田的应用

苏里格气田当含气饱和度小于70%时,泊松比变化不明显,用AVO方法进行含气性检测效果不甚理想。基于Fatti近似的弹性波阻抗方法,充分利用了叠前资料进行反演,包含了丰富的岩性及流体信息,但其小角度时的算法不稳定及建立在"湿"岩石背景假设条件下的反演精度不高的缺点也很明显。改进后的Fatti近似公式算法更加稳定且建立了基于真实岩石物理参数的变量关系,提高了反演精度。应用实例表明应用从弹性阻抗反演数据体中获得的λ-μ-ρ参数进行交会,对苏里格气田低含气饱和度的气层检测效果明显,很好地反映了储层信息。     

基于M—C准则的差异面积D—P准则及其应用研究

为了克服基于M-C准则的D-P系列准则缺乏明确物理意义的缺点,提出了基于M-C准则的一个新D—P准则——差异面积D—P准则。差异面积反映的是M-C和D—P两准则在偏平面上投影不重合区域的面积,在同一个偏平面上该面积越小,认为两准则近似程度越高。而差异面积D—P准则是在偏平面上使得与M-C准则差异面积近似最小的D—P准则,因此认为它是对M-C准则最为合理的D—P准则近似。通过分析,推导了D—P准则和M-C准则在偏平面上的差异面积表达式,进而给出了差异面积D—P准则,得到了等效圆的洛德角及值。此外,还得到了差异面积D—P准则相对于外角点外接D—P准则的折减系数,方便了工程府用。最后将蒡异面积D—P准则运用干访埔分析当中。证明了该方法旱可行的．     

大地电磁测深资料的超球逼近反演

超球逼近方法是一种全局搜索的二次优化方法。将该优化方法应用到大地电磁测深资料的反演中取得较好的效果。在介绍了超球逼近方法的基本原理后,应用数值结果对该方法的可行性进行了检验。     

一种快速预处理算法及其在浅水波方程中的应用

为了提高数值求解大气方程的计算速度,我们研究了稀疏逼近逆预处理方法及其在数值求解浅水波方程中的应用,这是一种求解大型线性方程组的快速算法,该算法的核心内容是稀疏逼近逆非零元模式的选取。首先导出了一种稀疏逼近逆的非零元模式及其确定方法,然后以浅水方程的差分格式为例,借助于GMRES迭代算法,对这种预处理快速算法应用前后的计算速度进行了比较,发现该快速算法能大幅度提高运算速度。另外,该预处理快速算法简单、易于并行,是一种值得在大气方程中推广应用的方法。     

Examination of a Correction Procedure for the Flow Attenuation in Orthogonal Sonic Anemometers

In this study we examine the calibration of wind speed measured by a sonic anemometer, with an orthogonal probe configuration, with regard to the approximation of the flow angle, and the wind-speed dependence of the flow attenuation attributed to the transducer shadow. The flow angle should be calculated by the iterative method when the attenuation is relatively high. For a probe manufactured by Kaijo Co. TR-61C, the wind-speed dependence of the transducer shadow effect is formulated from the results of the wind-tunnel experiment. Assuming the equation is applicable to field observations, significant errors possibly remain especially when the wind speed is low, and /or the angle between the flow vector and the sonic path is small, if the wind-speed dependence in measurement errors is neglected.     

The influence of the geostrophic wind advection approximation on a well-mixed layer

Numerical results indicate that advection of momentum in the boundary layer may significantly alter both the structure of the planetary boundary layer and its influence on the overlying free atmosphere. However, due to the nonlinearity of the inertial terms, it is always difficult to obtain the analytical solution of the boundary-layer model that retains the flow acceleration. In order to overcome this difficulty, the geostrophic momentum (hereafter GM) approximation has been introduced into boundary-layer models. By replacing the advected momentum with the geostrophic wind, the effect of the flow acceleration is partially considered and the original nonlinear partial differential equation set is converted to ordinary differential equations, the solutions of which can be obtained easily with standard techniques. However, the model employing GM fails to capture the features of the boundary layer when the spatio-temporal variation of the boundary-layer flow cannot be properly approximated by the geostrophic wind. In the present work, a modified boundary-layer model with the inertial acceleration in a different approximate form is proposed, in which the advecting wind instead of the advected momentum is approximated by the geostrophic wind (hereafter GAM).Comparing the horizontal velocity and boundary-layer pumping obtained from the classical Ekman theory, and the model incorporating (i) GM and (ii) GAM, it is found that the model with GAM describes most facets of the steady well-mixed layer beneath a north-westerly flow with embedded mesoscale perturbations that is considered in the present work. Inspection of the solution of the model with GAM shows that, within the limit of the validation of the model (i.e., the Rossby number R_O is not very large and the drag coefficient C_D is not too small), the horizontal convergence (divergence) is strengthened by the effect of the inertial acceleration in the region of maximum positive (negative) geostrophic vorticity. Consequently, the boundary-layer pumping there is intensified. It is found that the intensification is firstly strengthened and then weakened as R_O or C_D increases.