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51.
延边天宝山为一座大型中高温热液多金属(铅,锌,铜,钼等)矿床,由新兴铅锌、立山铅锌铜和东风铅锌铜钼3个中型矿床所组成,研究采用单矿物流体包裹体的40Ar/39Ar激光探针定年法对其含矿石英脉进行了精细的年代学测定以确定该矿床形成时代和成矿流体来源;实验室获得的40Ar/39Ar正反等时线年龄分别为(175±10)Ma和(175±18)Ma;经验证实剔除部分接近大气的成分点和过剩氩的成分点,重新计算的正、反等时线年龄分别为(179±11)Ma和(179.1±9.8)Ma,MSWD分别为0.95和0.99,40Ar/36Ar比值分别为297.8±2.7,297.6±2.5;结合区域地质特征,认为天宝山多金属矿床的成矿应发生在早侏罗世晚期,成矿流体是以岩浆热液为主、少量大气水和地壳流体参与的混合流体。 相似文献
52.
The coarsening rate of an initial grain structure is calculated and compared to the inner core growth rate. An estimate of the present size of the grains in the centre of the core varies from 560 m to 12 km, depending on the value taken for the diffusion coefficient of iron in the core. Regardless of the hypotheses chosen, this size is homogeneous inside the inner core. 相似文献
53.
Existing formulations for bed sediment entrainment under steady flow are incapable of explaining two well-documented observational facts: (i) water flow requires considerably higher dimensionless shear stresses to move the bed grains than air flow; and (ii) under open channel flow, steep granular beds are more stable than beds with milder slopes. These two facts, together with recent direct measurements of forces acting on bed grains giving time-mean negative drags ( Schmeeckle et al. , 2007 ), question the conventional models of forces used so far. Here, fluid forces acting on bed particles are treated in a new way in order to take into consideration the fundamental interference effects, thus obtaining appropriate magnitude estimates that exhibit good agreement with direct force measurements by Schmeeckle et al. (2007) . Impulsive pressure fluctuations generated by turbulence are shown to be capable of dislodging the bed grains by saltation under air flow, whereas they can only produce a rocking effect under water flow, thus explaining the first anomaly. On the other hand, previous work by the authors allows a direct estimate of space averaged time-mean drag and lift forces exerted on bed grains. Both components have the same order of magnitude but, contrary to the common belief, the mean lift is downward, which provides an explanation for the second anomaly. Finally, spatial disturbances of pressure, both positive and negative, appear to generate maximum, persistent, local forces considerably greater than mean forces, thus allowing an explanation for the observed negative time-mean drag. A new formula for predicting incipient motion of sediment under open channel flow is derived, which incorporates all dynamically significant effects and gives very good agreement with observation for the entire range of bed slopes. 相似文献
54.
Benony K. Kortatsi 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2007,13(1):41-74
Hydrochemical and stable isotope (18O and 2H) analyses of groundwater samples were used to establish the hydrochemistry of groundwater in the Ankobra Basin. The groundwater
was generally mildly acidic, low in conductivity and undersaturated with respect to carbonate phases. Major ions except bicarbonate
were low and dissolved silica was moderately high. Silicate minerals weathering is probably the main process through which
major ions enter the groundwater. Groundwater samples clustered tightly along the Global Meteoric Water Line suggesting integrative,
smooth and rapid recharge from meteoric origin. The majority of the boreholes and a few hand dug wells cluster towards the
Ca–Mg–HCO3 dominant section of the phase diagram, in conformity with the active recharge and short residence time shown by the isotope
data. Aluminium, arsenic, manganese, iron and mercury were the only trace metals analysed with concentrations significantly
above their respective detection limits. Approximately 20%, 5%, 40% and 25% respectively of boreholes had aluminium, arsenic,
iron and manganese concentrations exceeding the respective WHO maximum acceptable limits for drinking water. The relatively
large percentage of boreholes with high concentration of aluminium reflects the acidic nature of the groundwater. 相似文献
55.
Maya P. Bhatt Toshiyuki Masuzawa Mineko Yamamoto Kevin H. Gardner 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(3):557-569
Surface water samples were collected from Langtang Lirung glacier outlet point to the Narayani river system in central Nepal
in order to investigate the role of elevation in the variation of chemistry along the drainage networks. The chemistry of
Langtang–Narayani river system was dominated by sulfide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution and weathering of silicate
minerals. Calcium and magnesium concentrations were relatively higher than other cations and the sum of both species strongly
correlated with alkalinity, supporting the dissolution of carbonate and dolomite as the dominant source for these ions. Aluminosilicate
minerals primarily as albite and anorthite appeared as dominant silicate minerals within the drainage basin. Bisiallitization
was the dominant type of weathering within the entire drainage system. Hydrogen ion concentration was lower in the low elevation
sites than in high elevation sites reflecting the more consumption of carbon dioxide in the low elevation sites due to enhanced
chemical weathering rates. Furthermore, major solutes like sum of base cations, silicon as well as alkalinity increased in
concentration in the lower elevation sites. All regulating factors appeared to be directly related to elevation and hence
elevation appeared to be the prime factor for the variation in chemical species along the Langtang–Narayani river system.
Toshiyuki Masuzawa: deceased. 相似文献
56.
57.
对采自Faulty Towers(47°57.447'N,129°6.568'W)硫化物烟囱群一个不再活动的烟囱体硫化物开展了详细的矿物学和地球化学研究。样品从外壁往内壁方向可划分为4个矿物组合带,分别为重晶石-无定形硅-铁氧羟化物带;白铁矿-黄铁矿-无定形硅-重晶石带;白铁矿-黄铁矿-闪锌矿-纤锌矿带;纤锌矿-黄铜矿-白铁矿带。从底部到顶部,样品通道形态主要有3种:不规则、不连续的多通道;椭圆形单通道;封闭的通道。矿物学研究证实,烟囱体以低温矿物组合白铁矿、纤锌矿为主,高温矿物黄铜矿少见,仅局限分布在流体通道附近。210Pb定年结果表明,烟囱壁形成经历较短时间(约3 a),而通道的闭合则经历了相对长的过程(约17 a)。结合矿物学研究,最终恢复了整个尖塔结构的生长历史。 相似文献
58.
Hyunwook Choo Qian Zhao Susan E. Burns Terry W. Sturm Seung Ho Hong 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(7):1499-1509
Sedimentation – including erosion, transport, and deposition of coarse-grained particles – is a primary and growing environmental, engineering, and agricultural issue around the world. Soil erosion occurs when the hydrodynamic force induced by flowing water exceeds the geotechnical resistance of soils, as measured by critical shear stress for initiation of soil-particle motion. Even though various quantitative methods have been suggested with respect to different types of soil, the most widely accepted formula to estimate critical shear stress for coarse-grained soil is a direct function of the median grain size of the soil particles; however, the erosion resistance of soils also varies with other geotechnical properties, such as packing density, particle shape, and uniformity coefficient. Thus, in this study, a combined rolling–lift model for particle detachment was derived based on theoretical analysis. A series of experimental flume tests were conducted with specimens prepared with standard soil types, as well as laboratory-prepared mixtures of coarse-grained soil to validate the theoretical model and determine the effect of other geotechnical properties on the erosion characteristics of coarse grains, coupled with the effect of median particle size. The results indicated that the median grain size is the primary variable determining the resistance of coarse grains, but the critical shear stress also varies with the packing density of the soil matrix. In addition, angular particles show more erosion resistance than rounded particles, and the erosion potential of a soil decreased when the grain is well graded (higher value of uniformity coefficient). Additionally, regression analysis was performed to quantify the effect of each parameter on the critical shear stress of coarse grains. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
59.
钽钼酸—丁基罗丹明B—PVA体系光度法测定痕量钽 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ta(V)与钼酸盐在pH3.7形成钽钼酸,并在0.29mol/L的H_2SO_4介质中,与丁基罗丹明B(BRHB)形成离子缔合物,其组成比为Ta:Mo:BRHB=1:6:3。有聚乙烯醇(PVA)存在时,该缔合物能稳定存在于水溶液中。缔合物的最大吸收在588nm,ε_(588)=3.62×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Ta在0—5μg/25ml范围符合比尔定律。方法应用于硅酸盐岩石中痕量Ta的测定,结果满意。 相似文献
60.
延边海沟金矿床石英流体包裹体激光探针40Ar/39Ar测年与成矿背景 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海沟金矿为一大型贫硫化物石英脉型金矿床,长期以来其形成时代一直存在争议,致使矿床成因研究受到较大影响,成矿预测等方面研究进展缓慢。采用石英流体包裹体的40Ar/39Ar激光探针定年法对该金矿床进行了精细的年代学测定,获得主成矿阶段石英流体包裹体的40Ar/39Ar正、反等时线年龄分别为(170±20) Ma和(172±16) Ma,MSWD分别为0.31和0.35,40Ar/36Ar比值分别为298±4和299±4;进一步剔除接近大气的成分点和过剩氩高的成分点,计算获得等时线年龄为(170±38) Ma(40Ar/36Ar Int.=299±10)和(165±52) Ma(40Ar/36Ar Int.=303±23)。结合已有同位素年代学研究成果,进一步明确了海沟金矿床主成矿期发生在早侏罗世晚期,成矿作用与中生代库拉板块向亚洲板块俯冲、特别是由此引发的华北板块东缘与兴蒙造山带东段的强烈拼贴并诱发的岩石圈加厚、减薄作用密切相关。 相似文献