环境一号卫星CCD数据在1:250000地形图框架要素更新中的应用能力研究

探讨了采用环境一号卫星CCD多光谱数据在1∶250 000地形图框架要素更新中的应用情况,对不同框架要素在环境一号卫星CCD影像中的识别率和最小分辨率进行了比较和分析,并对环境一号卫星CCD影像的分辨能力和要素识别精度进行了分析和研究,进一步证实了采用环境一号卫星CCD数据进行1∶250 000地形图框架要素进行更新的可行性。     

基于非全张量卫星重力梯度数据的张量不变量法

在非全张量卫星重力梯度观测数据的处理过程中,由于卫星姿态角误差、梯度观测数据误差和非全张量观测等原因,重力梯度值从卫星重力梯度仪系转换到地固系后,精度损失严重.本文研究了张量不变量法以解决上述问题.首先在重力梯度张量不变量线性化的基础上,建立了基于卫星轨道面的不变量观测模型,完整地推导了两类重力梯度张量不变量的球近似和...     

COSMIC数据验证AMSU平流层低层观测的初步分析结果

基于Global Positioning System (GPS)掩星数据在平流层具有较高准确性、稳定性的优势,本文尝试用新一代GPS掩星观测——the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC)资料验证不同卫星平台上先进的微波探测仪（AMSU）的平流层观测结果.通过COSMIC大气温度廓线与AMSU辐射传输模式结合,得到模拟亮温,然后与AMSU平流层观测进行匹配比较.分析表明GPS掩星数据能够作为一个相对独立的参量检验NOAA15、16、18卫星平台内部的偏差.通过一年数据的比较验证,初步显示不同卫星平台的AMSU观测亮温在平流层低层都偏低,并且NOAA18平台的亮温偏低程度明显大于NOAA15、16.AMSU亮温偏差在极地冬季较为显著,尤其南极地区NOAA18的偏差幅度达到1.8 K.结合24小时内AMSU观测亮温偏差变化及其样本分布特征,可以看到明显的太阳辐射差异可能是导致AMSU观测亮温在极地偏差显著的主要原因.     

Ionospheric perturbations before Pu’er earthquake observed on DEMETER

A destructive shock with magnitude of 6.3 occurred on 2 June 2007 at 21h34min56s UT in Pu’er region (23.0°N, 101.1°E), Yunnan Province, China. The data from DEMETER satellite during the period from 23 May to 2 June, i.e., ten days before the earthquake and one day just on the day of earthquake occurrence, were analyzed. Among the 284 orbits of DEMETER during the period, 29 orbits with the trace passing through the region within 1 888 km from the epicenter were selected to be studied. Seven anomalous events were found on the dataset of the seven orbits among the 29 ones. There existed synchronous perturbations on the variations of the spectrogram of the electric field and the variations of the density and temperature of the ions and electron, in contrast with the variations of its surround- ing area. And five events appeared in the space within 1 888 km from the epicenter while the other two were out of the studied area. Electrostatic turbulences were also recorded with the synchronous perturbations with that in the electron density and ions density in plasma in the region near the epicenter in the five events, which seems to sug- gest that there be some physical relation between these events and the preparation processes of Pu’er earthquake.     

High-harmonic geoid signatures related to glacial isostatic adjustment and their detectability by GOCE

The Earth’s asthenosphere and lower continental crust can regionally have viscosities that are one to several orders of magnitude smaller than typical mantle viscosities. As a consequence, such shallow low-viscosity layers could induce high-harmonic (spherical harmonics 50–200) gravity and geoid anomalies due to remaining isostasy deviations following Late-Pleistocene glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Such high-harmonic geoid and gravity signatures would depend also on the detailed ice and meltwater loading distribution and history.ESA’s Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite mission, planned for launch in Summer 2008, is designed to map the quasi-static geoid with centimeter accuracy and gravity anomalies with milligal accuracy at a resolution of 100 km or better. This might offer the possibility of detecting gravity and geoid effects of low-viscosity shallow earth layers and differences of the effects of various Pleistocene ice decay scenarios. For example, our predictions show that for a typical low-viscosity crustal zone GOCE should be able to discern differences between ice-load histories down to length scales of about 150 km.One of the major challenges in interpreting such high-harmonic, regional-scale, geoid signatures in GOCE solutions will be to discriminate GIA-signatures from various other solid-earth contributions. It might be of help here that the high-harmonic geoid and gravity signatures form quite characteristic 2D patterns, depending on both ice load and low-viscosity zone model parameters.     

地震-电离层扰动探测技术的研究进展

回顾了地震-电离层扰动机理的研究进展和主要的数据观测方法,总结了地震电磁卫星观测电离层扰动的应用发展情况以及基于卫星测量数据对异常辐射源定位的研究进展,介绍了无线电探测方法的实验情况和数据分析方法,为未来中国探测电离层扰动进行短临地震预测工作提出了建议.     

基于遥感影像研究宁波地区断裂活动性

利用遥感影像多分辨率、 多光谱以及多传感器相结合的方法, 对浙江宁波地区约1900 km²范围的断裂活动性进行分析判读。 根据断裂的影像特征, 将所判读的断裂分为晚更新世活动, 早、 中更新世活动及第四纪活动不明显3类, 同时对主要断裂的活动性进行了详细分析。 宁波地区主要发育NNE向、 NE向和NW向三组活动构造。 其中NNE向育王山山前断裂, 在TM、 MSS和SPOT影像上都表现出清晰的断层形迹, 切过三处冲积洪积扇, 晚更新世有活动。 走向20°的老鹰山与走向55°的清凉山截然相接显示的线性影像反映出NE向算山-曹隘断裂的形迹, 断裂向宁波盆地延伸, 为宁波盆地规模最大的隐伏断裂。 多时相MSS影像上, 显示出NW向新乐—宝幢和宁波—莫枝活动断层的形迹, 它是深部构造活动在地表的反映, 与走向45°的算山—曹隘断裂, 可能是一组地壳破裂网络。     

青藏高原腹地1985年雪灾成因分析

分析了１９８５年１０月青藏高原腹地一次特大雪灾的地面气象要素场及卫星辐射场特征,并对生成重雪灾的原因进行了初步探讨。结果表明：此次雪灾的范围与过程,降水量≥８ｍｍ与积雪深度≥５ｃｍ的范围基本一致,雪盖的后延冷却效应较强,持续时间近５个月;卫星辐射资料的分析计算结果表明,地气系统净辐射收支中行星以照率起入导作用。１１月积雪中心区域各因子均达极值－行星反照率距平高达１６％,ＯＬＲ距平值减小－１４．６Ｗ     

世界航天遥感技术现状、发展趋势及油气遥感应用方向

世界航天遥感技术发展迅速,掌握卫星发射技术和具备卫星发射能力的国家越来越多,其中,高分辨率小型商业卫星和雷达卫星已经成为重要的遥感信息源;高光谱分辨率遥感将是现今和下个世纪的发展方向。本文总结了世界航天遥感技术现状,分析了今后的发展趋势,提出了油气遥感应用的研究方向     

中巴地球资源卫星应用及其发展

介绍了中巴地球资源卫星应用系统中 7个分系统的基本概况和数据处理系统的基本特点 ,还对星上三种传感器和高密度磁记录器的特点以及产品的生产能力和类型等进行了简单的描述。重点探索了中巴地球资源卫星遥感数据在资源、环境、灾害监测、各种数据库的建立与更新、遥感定量化等方面的应用前景展望。