Nutrient (P, N) dynamics in the southwestern Kattegat, Scandinavia: sedimentation and resuspension effects

 The yearly nutrient supply from land and atmosphere to the study area in SW Kattegat is 10 900 tons of N and 365 tons of P. This is only few percent of the supply from adjacent marine areas, as the yearly transport through the study area is 218 000 tons of N and 18 250 tons of P. Yearly net deposition makes up 1340 tons of N (on average 2.5 g m^–2 yr^–1) and 477 ton of P (on average 0.9 g m^–2 yr^–1). Shallow-water parts of the study area have no net deposition because of frequent (>35% of the year) resuspension. Resuspension frequency in deep water is <1% of the year. Resuspension rates, as averages for the study area, are 10–17 times higher than net deposition rates. Because of resuspension, shallow-water sediments are coarse lag deposits with small amounts of organic matter (1.1%) and nutrients (0.04% N and 0.02% P). Deep-water sediments, in contrast, are fine grained with high levels of organic matter (11.7%) and nutrients (0.43% N and 0.15% P). Laboratory studies showed that resuspension changes the diffusive sediment water fluxes of nutrients, oxygen consumption, and penetration into the sediment. Fluxes of dissolved reactive phosphate from sediment to water after resuspension were negative in organic-rich sediments (13.2% organic matter) with low porosity (56) and close to zero in coarse sediments with a low organic matter content (2.3%) and high porosity (73). Fluxes of inorganic N after resuspension were reduced to 70% and 0–20% in relation to the rates before resuspension, respectively. Received: 10 July 1995 · Accepted: 19 January 1996     

Invariant manifolds, phase correlations of chaotic orbits and the spiral structure of galaxies

In the presence of a strong   m = 2  component in a rotating galaxy, the phase-space structure near corotation is shaped to a large extent by the invariant manifolds of the short-period family of unstable periodic orbits terminating at L ₁ or L ₂. The main effect of these manifolds is to create robust phase correlations among a number of chaotic orbits large enough to support a spiral density wave outside corotation. The phenomenon is described theoretically by soliton-like solutions of a Sine–Gordon equation. Numerical examples are given in an N -body simulation of a barred spiral galaxy. In these examples, we demonstrate how the projection of unstable manifolds in configuration space reproduces essentially the entire observed bar–spiral pattern.     

“数字重庆”地理空间信息定位基准体系的建设

介绍了"数字重庆"地理空间信息定位基准建设的基本情况,着重阐述了CQGNSS、高精度GPS控制网、精密水准网和区域似大地水准面精化等方面的数据处理情况,展示了山城地区的基准体系建设特点。     

世界航天遥感技术现状、发展趋势及油气遥感应用方向

世界航天遥感技术发展迅速,掌握卫星发射技术和具备卫星发射能力的国家越来越多,其中,高分辨率小型商业卫星和雷达卫星已经成为重要的遥感信息源;高光谱分辨率遥感将是现今和下个世纪的发展方向。本文总结了世界航天遥感技术现状,分析了今后的发展趋势,提出了油气遥感应用的研究方向     

Testing satellite and ground thermal imaging of low-temperature fumarolic fields: The dormant Nisyros Volcano (Greece)

The Nisyros Volcano (Greece) was monitored by satellite and ground thermal imaging during the period 2000–2002. Three night-scheduled Landsat-7 ETM⁺ thermal (band 6) images of Nisyros Island were processed to obtain land surface temperature. Ground temperature data were also collected during one of the satellite overpasses. Processed results involving orthorectification and 3-D atmospheric correction clearly show the existence of a thermal anomaly inside the Nisyros Caldera. This anomaly is associated mainly with the largest hydrothermal craters and has land surface temperatures 5–10 °C warmer than its surroundings. The ground temperature generally increased by about 4 °C inside the main crater over the period 2000–2002. Ground thermal images of the hydrothermal Stephanos Crater were also collected in 2002 using a portable thermal infrared camera. These images were calibrated to ground temperature data and orthorectified. A difference of about 0–2 °C was observed between the ground thermal images and the ground temperature data. The overall study demonstrates that satellite remote sensing of low-temperature fumarolic fields within calderas can provide a reliable long-term monitoring tool of dormant volcanoes that have the potential to reactivate. Similarly, a portable thermo-imager can easily be deployed for real-time monitoring using telemetric data transfer. The operational costs for both systems are relatively low for an early warning system.     

Estimating surface ice velocity on Chhota Shigri glacier from satellite data using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique

Information about the surface ice velocity is one of the important parameters for Mass balance and Glacier dynamics. This study estimates the surface ice velocity of Chhota Shigri glacier using Landsat (TM/ETM+) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) temporal data-sets from a period of 2009 to 2016 and 2006 to 2007, respectively. A correlation based Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique has been used for the estimation of surface ice velocity. This technique uses multiple window sizes in the same data-set. Four window sizes (low, medium, high, very high) are used for each image pair. Estimated results have been compared with the published data. The outcomes attained from the medium window size closely matches with the published results. The estimated mean surface ice velocities of medium window size are 24 and 28.5 myr^?1 for 2009/2010 and 2006/2007 images pair. Highest velocity is observed in middle part of the glacier while lowest in the accumulation zone of the glacier.     

The Austrian node of the natural resources satellite remote sensing cloud service platform:examples of Sino-Austrian cooperation

The Austrian node of the Natural Resources Satellite Remote Sensing Cloud Service Platform was established in 2016 through a cooperation agreement between the Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center(LASAC),Ministry of Natural Resources of the Peoples Republic of China and the University of Vienna,Austria.Under this agreement panchromatic and multi-spectral data of the Chinese ZY-3 satellite are pushed to the server at the University of Vienna for use in education and research.So far,nearly 500 GB of data have been uploaded to the server.This technical note briefly introduces the ZY-3 system and illustrates the implementation of the agreement by the first China-Sat Workshop and several case studies.Some of them are already completed,others are still ongoing.They include a geometric accuracy validation of ZY-3 data,an animated visualization of image quick views on a spherical display to demonstrate the time series of the image coverage for Austria and Laos,and the use of ZY-3 data to study the spread of bark beetle in the province of Lower Austria.An accuracy study of DTMs from ZY-3 stereo data,as well as a land cover analysis and comparison of Austria with ZY-3 and other sensors are still ongoing.     

BDS-3新频点单点定位研究

针对目前有关北斗卫星导航系统(BDS-3)中MEO卫星(BDS-3M)增加的B1C、B2a新频点单点定位研究较少的现状,本文开展了基于新频点B1C、B2a的双频单点定位试验,结合国际GNSS监测评估系统(iGMAS)5个跟踪站连续10 d的数据,对BDS-3的新频点进行数据质量分析、双频伪距单点定位(SPP)和双频静态...     

Spaceborne gravitational field determination by means of locally supported wavelets

In space-borne gravitational field determination, two challenges are inherent. First, the continuation of the data down to the surface of the Earth is an ill-posed problem, requiring therefore regularization techniques. Second huge data sets result requiring efficient numerical methods. In this paper, we show how locally supported wavelets on the sphere can be developed by means of a spherical version of the so-called up function. By construction, the corresponding scaling functions and wavelets are infinitely smooth, so that they can be used for regularization purposes. In particular, we show how the ill-posed pseudo-differential equations coming from satellite missions can be regularized by efficient numerical schemes using locally supported wavelets. These methods seem in particular to be interesting for regional gravity field modelling.