河套华北地区旱涝的前期环流异常与大西洋海温的关系及其数值模拟

首先分析了河套华北地区旱涝的前期异常环流，然后探讨了这种异常环流形成的机制，最后采用了ＯＳＵ－ＡＧＣＭ作了大西洋地区热源异常强迫的数值试验。结果表明，大西洋地区海温异常强迫激发的定常波向上、下游的能量传播，造成的前期秋冬季环流异常与河套华北地区的夏季旱涝有较好的对应关系。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of the SST Anomalies in the Tropical Western Pacific on the Blocking Highs over the Northeastern Asia

The effects of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical western Pacific on the atmospheric circulation anomalies over East Asia are simulated by the IAP-GCM with an observed and idealized distributions of the SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific,respectively.Firstly,the atmospheric circulation anomalies during July and August,1980 are simulated by three anomalous experiments including the global SST anomaly experiment,the tropical SST anomaly experiment and the extratropical SST anomaly experiment,using the observed SST anomalies in 1980.It is shown that the SST anomalies in the tropical ocean greatly influence the formation and maintenance of the blocking high over the northeastern Asia,and may play a more important role than the SST anomalies in the extratropical ocean in the influence on the atmospheric circulation anomalies.Secondly,the effects of the SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific on the atmospheric circulation anomalies over East Asia are also simulated w     

ENSO 循环过程中逐月海温异常的合成分析

文章基于UK和MIT 1990年整编的12年（1968～1977年和1982～1983年）逐月5°×5°经纬网格点的海温（SST）距平资料，对其间发生的4次El Nino事件和3次La Nina事件作了逐月全球SST异常分布的合成分析。合成结果表明:在El Nino事件的形成阶段，赤道中太平洋存在明显的东传暖性低频扰动；而在La Nina事件的形成阶段，南北美沿岸有稳定增强的冷中心向西发展。     

PNA流型的年际变化及温、热带太平洋海温的作用

本文分析了PNA型环流的年际变化和影响因子,发现它存在两种优势周期振荡:一种是3—5年的振荡,另一种是10年左右的振荡.研究表明,前者与赤道太平洋海温的主要振荡周期相对应(同相关系),后者与北太平洋海温的主要振荡周期一致(反相关系).揭示了PNA型环流的变化与北太平洋海温比与赤道太平洋海温具有更密切的联系.并且由于北太平洋海温影响的频带与赤道太平洋海温的不同,它的作用有时与赤道太平洋海温的同相,有时则反相,使得ENSO与太平洋-北美地区大气环流和气候异常的关系变得复杂化.指出当考虑北太平洋海温的共同作用后     

Interannual Fluctuations of Surface Air Temperature over North America and Its Relationship to the North Pacific SST Anomaly

The characteristics of interannual fluctuations of the surface air temperature over North America are investigated by using the surface air temperature data of 130 stations during 1941 through 1980. It is found that the surface air temperature bears about ten-year time scale oscillation over the southeastern and northwestern North America and along the west coast of the United States, and it has the characteristics of quasibiennial oscillation over the eastern North America. The ten-year scale oscillation of the surface air temperature is related to that of the sea surface temperature (SST) of North Pacific through the PNA pattern atmospheric circulation anomaly over North Pacific through North America. It is shown that the North Pacific SST has a closer association with the surface air temperature over North America than the central and eastern equatorial Pacific SST. The characteristics of the seasonal variations of the relationship between the North Pacific SST and the surface air temperature over No     

Response of Atmospheric Low-frequency Wave to Oceanic Forcing in the Tropics

1. IntroductionInvestigations about atmospheric LFW have been a focus of research since Madden andJulian/s outstanding analysis works (1971, 1972). Many dynamical and thermal mechanisms(Chao et al., 1996; Fu et al., 1998; Hendon et al., 1998; Krishnamurti et al., 1988; Lau andChan, 1988) have been advised to explain LFW. Among them are oceanic effects, such as SSTeffect, thermal forcing and others. Usually atmosphere and ocean are taken as a coupled system, which is used to explain ENS…     

江淮梅雨与太平洋海表温度的相关分析

讨论了江淮梅雨期降水量与太平洋海表温度的同期和前期的相关性,揭示其年际和年代际变化的相互关系。表明江淮梅雨量与同期和上年春季、冬季几个关键区域SST具有显著相关性;江淮梅雨量年际和年代际变化与太平洋SST年际和年代际变化也存在一定关系,热带太平洋、墨西哥湾和东太平洋SST年代际变化对江淮地区梅雨降水量的年代际变化趋势预测有较强指示意义。     

梅雨期中国东部降水的时空变化及其与大气环流、海温的关系

利用1961～2000年中国台站降水资料、 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及扩展重建海平面温度 (Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperatures, ERSST) 资料, 采用EOF、小波变换、合成及相关方法探讨中国东部梅雨期降水的时空变化及其环流、水汽输送和海温异常特征.分析指出中国东部梅雨期 (6月11日～7月10日) 降水存在三种主要空间型: 江南北部多雨型、长江流域多雨型和江淮平原多雨型.三种降水型都存在多时间尺度特征, 由于年际和年代际振荡的周期和强度随时间的变化有不同表现, 三种雨型旱涝年出现的年份有所不同.三种雨型对应的东亚夏季风环流各子系统的强度、位置、水汽输送等也存在明显差异.梅雨期三种雨型与冬季海温的研究表明:赤道东太平洋海温偏高有利于出现江南北部降水型; 赤道印度洋、南海和西太平洋黑潮海温偏高有利于出现长江流域降水型; 北太平洋中纬度海温偏高则有利于出现江淮平原降水型.     

The Impact Cooling of the Storm-Induced SST on Hurricane Intensity

The effects of storm-induced sea surface temperature （SST） cooling on hurricane intensity are investigated using a 5-day cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bonnie （1998）. Two sensitivity simulations are performed in which the storm-induced cooling is either ignored or shifted close to the modeled storm track. Results show marked sensitivity of the model-simulated storm intensity to the magnitude and relative position with respect to the hurricane track. It is shown that incorporation of the storm-induced cooling, with an average value of 1.3℃, causes a 25-hPa weakening of the hurricane, which is about 20 hPa per 1℃ change in SST. Shifting the SST cooling close to the storm track generates the weakest storm, accounting for about 47% reduction in the storm intensity. It is found that the storm intensity changes are well correlated with the air-sea temperature difference. The results have important implications for the use of coupled hurricane-ocean models for numerical prediction of tropical cyclones.     

川渝地区夏季旱涝与海温异常浅析

利用1951—2006年6—8月降水资料计算了川渝地区旱涝指数Z指数,确定出该区域旱涝等级及其对应年份,分析这一带历年旱涝情况及年际变化特征,并用相关和合成分析法分析旱涝与海温的关系。结果表明,1950年代末至1970年代前期,这一带地区以旱为主,3个重旱年有2年出现在这个时段内;1970年代末至2003年,旱涝年均有,但以涝为主,2006年则出现了1951年以来最旱的年份。旱涝指数与SST的相关分析显示Z指数与前期SST,特别是1—3月SST有较好的相关关系,Z指数与赤道中东太平洋SST显著正相关。重涝年赤道中东太平洋广大海域SST呈明显的正距平,而重旱年则为大范围SST负距平。2006年1—3月赤道中东太平洋海温呈明显负距平、南太平洋20°S以南到40°S之间海域海温呈显著正距平有利于川渝地区出现严重干旱。