全天空成像仪云量计算方法的改进

全天空成像仪（total sky imager 440,TSI-440）可以实现白天全天空云量的持续自动监测,时空分辨率较高,得到的云量计算结果更精确.首先介绍了TSI-440的基本原理和资料格式,并基于太湖地区2008年5-10月的TSI-440资料及无锡站地面观测资料,采用统计方法详细地分析了不同天气情况下图像的成像特征及云量的计算误差.结果发现：图像的成像特征与能见度密切相关,红蓝比值随着能见度的减小而增大.另外,仪器在处理阴天图像及复杂天空（多云）图像时,易造成一定的云量计算误差.针对上述问题,本文通过直方图分析,重新选定了红蓝比阈值（晴空点阈值0.62,云点阈值0.66）,基于新阈值计算的云量结果较仪器自带的处理结果更为准确,减小了因天气状况不同而产生的云量计算误差.     

溴酚蓝-过氧化氢催化动力学体系光度法测定痕量铜

在pH=4.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液介质中,以溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)为增敏剂,痕量Cu(Ⅱ)能催化过氧化氢氧化溴酚蓝使之褪色,据此用于测定痕量铜。讨论了介质、试剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、表面活性剂及其共存离子的影响,确定测定波长为593 nm及最佳实验条件,测得反应表观活化能为90.3kJ/mol。在优化条件下,方法检出限为0.646 ng/mL,Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0～0.064μg/mL范围内与lg(A0/A)呈良好的线性关系,大多数常见元素不干扰测定。方法用于煤样中痕量铜的分析,5次测定的相对标准偏差小于3.1%,加标回收率在92.7%～107.0%,测定结果与原子吸收光谱法的结果一致。     

钛柱撑蒙脱石光催化降解亚甲基蓝的实验研究

采用TiCl4水解法制备钛柱化剂与钠蒙脱石离子交换后,自然风干、焙烧得到具有稳定层结构、大晶面间距(2.26 nm)和大比表面积(285.7 m2/g)的钛柱撑蒙脱石(Ti-PILM)。用制备的Ti-PILM对亚甲基蓝(MB)进行紫外光作用下的光催化降解实验,并与层结构不规则的Ti-PILM在相同条件下对MB的光催化效果进行对比,研究MB的初始浓度、Ti-PILM投放量、pH对光催化降解效果的影响。结果表明,室温条件下,降解时间120 min,当Ti-PILM投样量等于2 g/L,MB初始浓度为50 mg/L,pH为7时,Ti-PILM对MB降解速度最高。与纳米TiO2不同,Ti-PILM对MB的降解率和降解初速率与MB在其表面的吸附行为密切相关。     

Porewater-derived dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrient fluxes in a saltmarsh of the Changjiang River Estuary

Saltmarshes are one of the most productive ecosystems, which contribute significantly to coastal nutrient and carbon budgets. However, limited information is available on soil nutrient and carbon losses via porewater exchange in saltmarshes. Here, porewater exchange and associated fluxes of nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) in the largest saltmarsh wetland(Chongming Dongtan) in the Changjiang River Estuary were quantified. Porewater exchange rate was estimated to be(37±35) cm/d during December 2017 using a radon(~(222)Rn) mass balance model. The porewater exchange delivered 67 mmol/(m~2·d), 38 mmol/(m~2·d) and 2 690 mmol/(m~2·d) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), dissolved silicon(DSi) and DIC into the coastal waters,respectively. The dominant species of porewater DIN was NH_4~+ (99% of DIN). However, different with those in other ecosystems, the dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) concentration in saltmarsh porewater was significantly lower than that in surface water, indicating that saltmarshes seem to be a DIP sink in Chongming Dongtan. The porewater-derived DIN, DSi and DIC accounted for 12%, 5% and 18% of the riverine inputs, which are important components of coastal nutrient and carbon budgets. Furthermore, porewater-drived nutrients had obviously high N/P ratios(160–3 995), indicating that the porewater exchange process may change the nutrient characteristics of the Changjiang River Estuary and further alter the coastal ecological environment.     

氢氧化镁共沉淀测定低浓度磷方法在东海赤潮高发区的应用

2003年5月将Karl and Tien(1992)提出的Mg(OH)2共沉淀方法应用于东海赤潮高发区水体中磷酸盐的调查。本实验条件下方法的检测限为0.004μmol/L。将该方法与传统的磷钼兰方法进行对比,常规磷钼兰法高于共沉淀法。说明水体中可能存在大量酸性条件下不稳定的磷化合物,且其不能被Mg(OH)2共沉淀,如1-磷酸核糖。此时,共沉淀法的测定值更接近水体中真实的正磷酸盐含量。共沉淀法可为赤潮爆发过程中低磷阶段的样品分析提供较可靠数据。用共沉淀法提供的测定数据分析赤潮爆发过程中水体中磷酸盐的变化,长江口磷酸盐总的分布趋势是沿岸含量较高,向外海逐渐递减。赤潮爆发过程中,随着赤潮藻类增殖,水体中磷酸盐被大量消耗,表层磷酸盐浓度迅速降低;赤潮消亡阶段,表层水体磷酸盐浓度逐渐回升,而底层由于藻类死亡后逐渐沉降磷酸盐浓度升高。     

Adsorption capacity and mineralogical and physico-chemical characteristics of Shuwaymiyah palygorskite (Oman)

In this paper, Shuwaymiyah palygorskite in the Sultanate of Oman has been characterized mineralogically by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy, chemically by oxide compositions, structural formulae, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and physically by specific surface area and adsorption isotherms. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the adsorption performance of methylene blue (MB) basic dye on the local clay mineral. The quantitative XRD analysis indicates that the purity of some selected samples of palygorskite clay is very high (about 70% of the clay minerals are palygorskite and 30% kaolinite). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly support this conclusion. The adsorption equilibrium revealed that Shuwaymiyah palygorskite clay can uptake up to 51 mg of MB per 1 g mass of clay. MB adsorption is best fitted by Langmuir isotherm, and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model can be efficiently used to predict the kinetic of adsorption of MB by the palygorskite. The results obtained from these laboratory-scale adsorption tests indicate the promising adsorption capability of the Omani palygorskite.     

俄罗斯阿尔丹地块西部穆龙斯克杂岩体中的碱性交代岩

含紫硅碱钙石、镁钠钙闪石（钠透闪石－石棉）及蓝色软透闪石的碱性交代岩的形成首先是由硅酸和碱（Ｎａ２Ｏ和Ｋ２Ｏ的不同作用）的隋性及ＦｅＯ,ＭｇＯ,ＣａＯ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的强烈活性决定的。含蓝色软透闪石和镁钠钙闪石（钠透闪石－石棉）的交代岩是岩浆期后溶解演化的中期产物,而含紫硅碱钙石的交代岩却是其晚期的产物。     

蓝色经济通道的概念、理论基础及中国维护蓝色经济通道安全的路径

不同于海上交通线和海上战略通道,蓝色经济通道具有安全、政治、经济、地理、文化等多层面的含义,致力于可持续利用海洋资源,实现全人类的可持续发展,重点关注小岛屿发展中国家和沿岸最不发达国家,是一条海上大通道、海上合作平台,而不是具体的交通线、咽喉要道、海峡或海上交通线附近的战略岛屿。蓝色经济通道的海上大通道、海上合作平台内涵决定了其拥有理论基底。复合相互依赖理论、全球海洋治理理论、地理环境理论是其理论基底。安全维度是蓝色经济通道的最基本内涵。维护海上安全是发展蓝色经济的重要保障。     

钒的催化动力学分析法——Ⅴ.依文思蓝-抗坏血酸-溴酸钾体系

本文建立一个灵敏的测定钒的催化动力学分光光度法。它基于在热的稀H_2SO_4溶液中,有抗坏血酸存在时,依文思蓝与KBrO_3反应受钒的催化且吸光度降低与钒量相关。方法的检出限为2.23×10~(-13)g/ml(lg(A_0/A)=0.001,b=1cm时),测定范围为0—6ng V/25ml。方法已用于多类样品中痕量钒的分析,相对标准偏差在3.71—5.09％范围。     

区域自然资源综合区划的方法探讨——以大连地区陆域自然资源综合区划为例

本文以适当面积为区划单元，采用定性与定量相结合的方法确定区划单元的主导资源和优势资源组合类型，再根据主导资源相同，资源组合相似的原则，自下而上地聚类归并分区。通过对大连地区陆域自然资源区划实践，证明该方法适用可行。