Calculations for the Pre-Calibration of LAMOST Active Optics

Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (L AMOST) is one of the major on-going national large scientific projects in China. Active optics is a key technology for the LAMOST with which the thin-mirror active optics and segmented-mirror active optics are tied in. A pre-calibration method considering all active forces and displacements specially for LAMOST has been developed in early 2004. We give a detailed mathematical derivation and calculation including numerical simulation and computer program realization of the pre-calibration method of LAMOST open-loop control for the third-order as-pherical aberration. We have also carried out calculations on the application of the pre-calibration method and the parameters of actuator design in LAMOST active optics in observation mode, including estimations of the actuator ranges, the interval of active optics correction and the ranges and trends of load changes on all the actuators during LAMOST tracking a given star.     

A Study on the Paul-Baker System as an Instrument for Multi-object Spectrum Observation

Paul-Baker systems with 4°flat field and 5°flat field are studied. Their light obstructions under different f/ratios of the primary mirror are analyzed. Due to the strong f/ratio of the system, a focal length extender is designed in order to match the following fiber instrumentation, and two kinds of dispersion prism correctors are designed for correcting the atmospheric dispersion. We compare the designed Paul-Baker system with LAMOST, the national major scientific project now under construction.     

Characteristics and Performance of the CCD Photometric System at Lulin Observatory

The Lulin One-meter Telescope at Lulin Observatory in Taiwan started open-use observations in January 2003. In order to evaluate the performance of the CCD photometric system, the characteristics and quality of the site, we obtained data of photometric standards as well as calibration data from February to November 2004. We report here the results of our analysis including the gain, readout noise, dark current and linearity of the CCD camera, and transformation coefficients, total throughputs, night sky brightnesses and limiting magnitudes for UBVRI bands.     

Measurement of the atmospheric muon depth intensity relation with the NEMO Phase-2 tower

The results of the analysis of the data collected with the NEMO Phase-2 tower, deployed at 3500 m depth about 80 km off-shore Capo Passero (Italy), are presented. Čerenkov photons detected with the photomultipliers tubes were used to reconstruct the tracks of atmospheric muons. Their zenith-angle distribution was measured and the results compared with Monte Carlo simulations. An evaluation of the systematic effects due to uncertainties on environmental and detector parameters is also included. The associated depth intensity relation was evaluated and compared with previous measurements and theoretical predictions. With the present analysis, the muon depth intensity relation has been measured up to 13 km of water equivalent.     

Limits to the muon flux from neutralino annihilations in the Sun with the AMANDA detector

A search for an excess of muon–neutrinos from neutralino annihilations in the Sun has been performed with the AMANDA-II neutrino detector using data collected in 143.7 days of live-time in 2001. No excess over the expected atmospheric neutrino background has been observed. An upper limit at 90% confidence level has been obtained on the annihilation rate of captured neutralinos in the Sun, as well as the corresponding muon flux limit at the Earth, both as functions of the neutralino mass in the range 100–5000 GeV.     

构建实时三维太阳光谱望远镜的建议

提出了一种新型太阳光谱望远镜的建议，这种望远镜能够同时记录太阳日面观测区域的两维空间的色散（三维光谱），即一系列同步狭窄带通的光谱图像。借助该望远镜我们可以得到高时间分辨率的光谱图（10ms），进而能够做细致的光谱分析。该望远镜由一组子望远镜组成，每个子镜负责记录观测区域的一个事先设计好的透过带，所有透过带覆盖了所研究谱线的整个光谱波段，可以用来诊断不透明的低层大气物质流的三维速度场、重构太阳活动区（即太阳耀斑区）的三维结构。此外，若每个子镜都加栽上偏振仪时，则能够得到精确的矢量磁场，这种矢量磁场能够作为第二代视频磁场测量仪。此望远镜由一组紧密排列的子镜组成，文章分别给出了两种不同排列子镜的方式。描述了用来观测的每个子镜的透过带的样品光学表，并且提出了不同探测器的同时成像技术。最后，我们把该望远镜和ATST（Advanced Technology Solar Telescope）进行了比较。     

Gamma–hadron separation methods for the VERITAS array of four imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes

Ground-based arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes have emerged as the most sensitive γ-ray detectors in the energy range of about 100 GeV and above. The strengths of these arrays are a very large effective collection area on the order of 10⁵ m², combined with excellent single photon angular and energy resolutions. The sensitivity of such detectors is limited by statistical fluctuations in the number of Cosmic-ray initiated air showers that resemble γ-ray air showers in many ways. In this paper, we study the performance of simple event reconstruction methods when applied to simulated data of the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) experiment. We review methods for reconstructing the arrival direction and the energy of the primary photons, and examine means to improve on their performance. For a software threshold energy of 300 GeV (100 GeV), the methods achieve point source angular and energy resolutions of σ_63% = 0.1° (0.2°) and σ_68% = 15% (22%), respectively. The main emphasis of the paper is the discussion of γ–hadron separation methods for the VERITAS experiment. We find that the information from several methods can be combined based on a likelihood ratio approach and the resulting algorithm achieves a γ–hadron suppression with a quality factor that is substantially higher than that achieved with the standard methods used so far.