论底苏铅锌矿床的“双源”沉积改造成矿模式

底苏铅锌矿床是近年来发现的。该矿床具“双源”沉积改造特征。同生沉积成岩成矿阶段同时存在海底热水和正常海水沉积作用,形成热水沉积矿石及矿源层。大气降水热液改造成矿阶段,大气降水沿岩石裂隙下渗被加热并淋滤早期沉积矿石及矿源层中的Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ,使之以［ＰｂＣｌ０２］、［ＺｎＣｌ０２］迁移,当含矿热液运移至有利构造部位时,Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ络合物交代地层中的黄铁矿或被有机质还原而再沉淀成矿。本文在矿床地球化学研究基础上,提出了底苏铅锌矿床的成矿模式     

云南金厂金矿床蚀变超基性岩体与金的成矿作用

金矿化与蚀变超基性岩体的空间关系、矿化特征、蚀变超基性岩体、成矿流体、微量元素、硫同位素组成、表明金主要来源于金厂蛇纹石化、滑石化、碳酸盐化超基性岩体。在岩体蚀变过程中,在碱性相对还原的介质条件下,金主要以硫络合物的形式进入成矿溶液,在Ｔ、Ｐ、ＰＨ、Ｅｈ等物理化学参数发生变化的条件下沉淀。     

气候系统内极区热汇与热带海洋热源之间的相互作用(英)

The anomalous change of two polar sea ice and tropical ocean SST is a very important index for global climate monitoring and prediction. In this paper, the wave resonance principle is used to calculate month by month running cross couple correlation coefficient time series between sea ice in different sea area of two Polars, as well as between them and five elements of E1 Nino events, to analyze their variation features, and to find out their resonance periods. The resonance period of two waves is just the strongest interaction period.Some results are concluded as follows. 1) The Arctic sea ice to the Pacific-side (NPI1) and Atlantic-side (NP12) show a strong positive-negative feedback impact each other to the Antarctic Ross Sea ice (SPI2) with equal intensity. 2) Both NPI1 and NPI2 give a strong positive and negative feedback to the Antarctic Wedded Sea ice (SPI3) while it is rather weak in convercse status. It means that, the Arctic sea ice plays a leading and controlling role on the Wedded Sea ice. 3) SST of Nino 4 area in thecentral equatorial Pacific has a best resonance period with SPI2 with cycle period of 132 months. It closely relates to quasi-11 years oscillation period of both SST of Nino 4 area and SPI2. SST of Nino 4 has also a resonance period to SPI3 with cycle of 61 months. There also exist strong interaction periods between the Antarctic sea ice and other elements of ENSO event but weaker than SST of Nino 4 area.     

Observations of the upper frequency cutoffs of the auroral kilometric radiation

Intense auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) is being frequently observed with POLRAD from the Auroral Probe (Interball-2). Observations of the abrupt upper frequency cutoffs (UFCs) in the spectra of AKR are reported. The UFCs can be observed at a frequency range from 300 to 700 kHz, corresponding to AKR generation altitudes from approximately 4800 to 2100 km, and are distributed in magnetic local time (MLT) hours similarly to the AKR events, with a maximum at 1 h MLT. The observed frequency extent of the UFCs is 12 kHz, and is often determined by the instrumental resolution (4 kHz). It is suggested that the UFC may be associated with an abrupt switching on of the generation mechanism, when the electron density becomes sufficiently low inside a plasma depletion at an altitude where the ratio of f_pe/f_ce crosses some threshold value. The steepness of the UFCs can imply a non-linear process of generation. The estimated distance of the e-folding field aligned wave amplification is between 3 and 8 km. The UFCs are sometimes, though very seldom (10%), accompanied by narrow band (less than 4 kHz) ridges of radiation observed at the cutoff frequency. They are smoothly drifting in frequncy for several minutes. The power density of radiation in the ridge can be up to 2 orders of magnitude stronger than in the accompanying wide band emission of AKR. The ridge at UFC can imply either energy concentration at the source bottom, or focusing, if specific conditions for the escape of the radiation are assumed.     

1994年9月16日台湾海峡7.3级地震震源过程的研究

采用数字化台网Ｐ波波形资料及台湾台网Ｐ波初动方向资料,研究了１９９４年９月１６日台湾海峡７３级地震及邻近地区（北纬２１～２６°,东经１１５～１２０°）ＭＬ≥５８级共５次地震的矩张量解及震源参数。结果表明,这次７３级地震的矩张量解以双力偶成分为主,是断层面接近ＮＷ走向的正断层。断层面的走向与大震前地震的条带分布走向及余震分布显示的破裂图象较相象,震源机制的张应力轴接近水平,近ＮＥ走向;压应力轴几乎垂直,近ＮＷＷ走向,似乎表明这次地震是受菲律海板块向欧亚板块北西向挤压的力源控制。从Ｐ轴接近竖直而Ｔ轴接近水平来看,发震断层为强烈拉张性正断层,可能还同时存在垂直向上的应力作用。其它４个强震的震源机制解与７３级大震的差别较大。这些地震震源机制解的复杂性,表明台湾海峡地震序列的发展过程比较复杂。     

扬子地块西南缘下震旦系火成岩系研究

研究区的天宝山组和苏雄组、开建桥组酸性、中酸性火山岩、火山碎屑岩同属下震旦系。它们及同期形成的花岗岩形成于后造山构造环境中,并非与裂谷活动有关。它们皆为S型,其源岩为太古界。     

新疆阿图什市近场区地震构造评价

在新疆阿图什市近场 2 5km范围内鉴别出全新世活断裂 1条 ,全新世活褶皱 5个。托特拱拜孜—阿尔帕雷克断裂在全新世时期曾有两次显示断错活动 ,累积铅直断距 170 cm,最新断错活动的 TL时间在 ( 8.6± 0 .0 3) Ka BP以内。该断裂历史上曾发生过 190 2年 8月 2 3日阿图什 8.2 5级地震 ,近期又发生了 1996年 3月 19日阿图什 6.9级地震 ,是一条地震断裂构造。由托特拱拜孜—阿尔帕雷克断裂与塔什皮萨克—阔诺勒果背斜褶皱构成的地震构造带所形成的潜在震源区距阿图什市工程场地以北 13km,其发生最大潜在地震的能力按 8.5级考虑 ,由全新世活褶皱构成的喀什—阿图什地震构造带所形成的潜在震源区的震级上限按 6.0级考虑     

被动源激发极化法的野外试验结果

对被动源激发极化法场源的基本性质、激发极化效应的提取方法进行了讨论,以野外试验结果为例研究了矿体与异常的对应规律,对该方法的有效性和可行性进行了说明。     

Silicon Isotope Geochemistry of Micro—Fine Disseminated Gold Deposits in SW Guizhou and NW Guangxi,China

Quartz was studied with respect to its silicon isotopic composition and cathodoluminescence in micro-fine disseminated gold deposits in SW Guizhou and NW Guangxi.The results showed that quartz in wall rocks.ores and that in association with hydrothermal silicification are distinctive in silicon isotopes and cathodoluminescence characters.Quartz in association with primary silicification is non-luminescent while that in wall rocks and associated with secondary silicification exhibits striking luminescence.Based on the dynamic fractionation of silicon isotopes,it is suggested that the mineralization was accompanied by rapid transport of aprimary siliceous fluid along the major deep fault system into subordinate faults before ore components deposited in favorable strata via penetration and metasomatism.Therefore,a deep origin is implicit for gold deposits of this type.     

Inversion, error analysis, and validation of GPS/MET occultation data

The global positioning system meteorology (GPS/MET) experiment was the first practical demonstration of global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based active limb sounding employing the radio occultation technique. This method measures, as principal observable and with millimetric accuracy, the excess phase path (relative to propagation in vacuum) of GNSS-transmitted radio waves caused by refraction during passage through the Earth’s neutral atmosphere and ionosphere in limb geometry. It shows great potential utility for weather and climate system studies in providing an unique combination of global coverage, high vertical resolution and accuracy, long-term stability, and all-weather capability. We first describe our GPS/MET data processing scheme from excess phases via bending angles to the neutral atmospheric parameters refractivity, density, pressure and temperature. Special emphasis is given to ionospheric correction methodology and the inversion of bending angles to refractivities, where we introduce a matrix inversion technique (instead of the usual integral inversion). The matrix technique is shown to lead to identical results as integral inversion but is more directly extendable to inversion by optimal estimation. The quality of GPS/MET-derived profiles is analyzed with an error estimation analysis employing a Monte Carlo technique. We consider statistical errors together with systematic errors due to upper-boundary initialization of the retrieval by a priori bending angles. Perfect initialization and properly smoothed statistical errors allow for better than 1 K temperature retrieval accuracy up to the stratopause. No initialization and statistical errors yield better than 1 K accuracy up to 30 km but less than 3 K accuracy above 40 km. Given imperfect initialization, biases ≫ 2 K propagate down to below 30 km height in unfavorable realistic cases. Furthermore, results of a statistical validation of GPS/MET profiles through comparison with atmospheric analyses of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are presented. The comparisons indicate the high utility of the occultation data in that very good agreement of upper troposphere/lower stratosphere temperature (better than 1.5 K rms, ≪ 0.5 K bias) is found for a region (Europe+USA) where the ECMWF analyses are known to be good, but poorer agreement for a region (Southern Pacific) where the analyses are known to be degraded.