天气雷达数据处理系统人控应用软件

天气雷达用于抗灾和减灾很重要,本文提出一种人工降雨和驱冰雹软件,给出了程序流图,对编程的关键进行了分析,最后结果表明它能提高人控作业效率。     

双极化天气雷达方程

在回转椭球状降水粒子的假设下求出了降水粒子的散射截面，并且考虑了粒子轴线铅垂和随机取向两种重要的典型情况；推导了双极化雷达的回波方程以及降雨量公式。该方程除包含降水粒子的信息外，关于雷达与降水粒子间的几何关系都以雷达天线仰角及雷达与降水粒子间的距离表示，同时还考虑了地球的球面效应和大气折射效应。由于采用了并矢方法，使推导简捷明了     

基于测月雷达机制月壤相对介电常数反演方法模拟研究

嫦娥三号卫星于2013年12月2日发射,并成功着陆月球,其巡视器上搭载的测月雷达实现了首次雷达就位探测月球。基于测月雷达的探测机制,给出了两种计算月壤相对介电常数的方法,标定件标定法和双天线时延法,并通过仿真验证了两种计算方法的有效性,文中同时给出了两种计算方法存在的局限性,为后期基于嫦娥三号雷达数据进行月球次表层的介电特性反演提供了重要依据。     

Renewed uplift at the Yellowstone Caldera measured by leveling surveys and satellite radar interferometry

 A first-order leveling survey across the northeast part of the Yellowstone caldera in September 1998 showed that the central caldera floor near Le Hardy Rapids rose 24±5 mm relative to the caldera rim at Lake Butte since the previous survey in September 1995. Annual surveys along the same traverse from 1985 to 1995 tracked progressive subsidence near Le Hardy Rapids at an average rate of –19±1 mm/year. Earlier, less frequent surveys measured net uplift in the same area during 1923–1976 (14±1 mm/year) and 1976–1984 (22±1 mm/year). The resumption of uplift following a decade of subsidence was first detected by satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry, which revealed approximately 15 mm of uplift in the vicinity of Le Hardy Rapids from July 1995 to June 1997. Radar interferograms show that the center of subsidence shifted from the Sour Creek resurgent dome in the northeast part of the caldera during August 1992 to June 1993 to the Mallard Lake resurgent dome in the southwest part during June 1993 to August 1995. Uplift began at the Sour Creek dome during August 1995 to September 1996 and spread to the Mallard Lake dome by June 1997. The rapidity of these changes and the spatial pattern of surface deformation suggest that ground movements are caused at least in part by accumulation and migration of fluids in two sill-like bodies at 5–10 km depth, near the interface between Yellowstone's magmatic and deep hydrothermal systems. Received: 30 November 1998 / Accepted: 16 April 1999     

高水压顶管隧道管节修复装置的设计与应用

富春江顶管工程为例,介绍了一种可快速拆卸的用于深埋顶管隧道对管节局部破损进行修复的装置。装置结构简单、紧凑,易于在圆形截面的隧道中进行快速拼装。该装置最高耐水压力0.8 MPa,可对地下水位以下30~80 m顶管隧道中出现沿轴线长＜0.4 m环状破损的管节进行注浆修复。这种设计能够有效解决深埋顶管隧道小面积局部破损、小范围漏水涌砂等问题,为深埋顶管等方法构筑的圆形隧道提供应急修复保障。     

蔚县矿区地面沉陷InSAR多维形变监测

河北蔚县是我国华北地区最大的地下采煤区之一,该地区长期存在采矿塌陷灾害,不仅威胁采矿安全,而且严重破坏当地生态环境。本文基于合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）这一新型空间对地观测技术,采用61景Sentinel-1A/B干涉宽幅（Interferometric Wide swath,IW）模式数据进行矿区形变观测,获取整个矿区在2017—2018年间的地表形变空间分布特征,并对矿区地表的沉降量级及面积进行详细的统计分析。此外,采用融合多轨道SAR数据的多维形变时序估计方法,对西细庄矿数据进行东西向和垂向的二维形变分解,获取该矿的二维形变时间序列。结果表明：除南留庄井田外,其余三大井田在监测期间均存在不同程度的地面沉陷灾害;整个矿区年沉陷速率超过-10 cm/a的区域达到了2.16 km²;受成像几何影响,不同轨道数据获取的形变结果存在一定差异;西细庄矿以垂向形变为主,伴随明显的东西向水平形变。研究结果为蔚县矿区地面沉陷监测与煤矿安全开采提供数据参考。     

Improving NWP through radar rainfall-driven land surface parameters: A case study on convective precipitation forecasting

In this study we investigate the effect of forcing the land surface scheme of an atmospheric mesoscale model with radar rainfall data instead of the model-generated rainfall fields. The goal is to provide improved surface conditions for the atmospheric model in order to achieve accurate simulations of the mesoscale circulations that can significantly affect the timing, distribution and intensity of convective precipitation. The performance of the approach is evaluated in a set of numerical experiments on the basis of a 2-day-long mesoscale convective system that occurred over the US Great Plains in July 2004. The experimental design includes multiple runs covering a variety of forcing periods. Continuous data integration was initially used to investigate the sensitivity of the model’s performance in varying soil state conditions, while shorter time windows prior to the storm event were utilized to assess the effectiveness of the procedure for improving convective precipitation forecasting. Results indicate that continuous integration of radar rainfall data brings the simulated precipitation fields closer to the observed ones, as compared to the control simulation. The precipitation forecasts (up to 48 h) appear improved also in the cases of shorter integration periods (24 and 36 h), making this technique potentially useful for operational settings of weather forecasting systems. A physical interpretation of the results is provided on the basis of surface moisture and energy exchange.     

地质雷达及浅层地震在泥质粉砂岩中断裂带上的曲线特征

探讨了如何利用地质雷达及浅层地震有关原理判释泥质粉砂岩中隐伏断裂带的性质和特征。主要的工作方法是通过现场实测，分析地质雷达反映在张性断裂带和压性断裂带上的曲线特征，分析浅层地震相遇时距曲线在断裂带上的曲线特征。后者的主要特征有：（1）在断裂带上初至时间延长；（2）在断裂带上左右支时距曲线上下跳动的幅度均等；（3）在断裂带上跳动的长度不一；（4）在断裂带左右支时距曲线上下跳动或反相；（5）时距曲线呈喇叭口。阐明了地质雷达和浅层地震的原理及其在泥质粉砂岩中勘查断裂构造的效果     

Close range radar remote sensing of concrete degradation in a textile factory floor

This paper describes a GPR study carried out with the aim of evaluating deterioration of concrete floors in a textile factory. In the past, production process waste was spilt onto the floor of the factory. A slow but continuous action from this waste on the concrete caused a significant variation in its porosity that can be detected by studying changes in the GPR reflected pulse. A simple synthetic model was developed in order to obtain information about how the response of the GPR antenna pulse is affected by changes in the porosity of concrete. It should also be taken into account the different conditions of the factory floor at the time of testing, as it had been isolated from the action of waste for many years. The heterogeneous conditions of the floor and the simplicity of the model used did not allow for an accurate estimate of the porosity; however, it was possible to map degraded areas of the floor in relationship to changes in the reflected signal. Core samples taken showed that some areas had concrete porosity of 15% and up to 25%, which is closer to that of sand than to concrete.     

基于SMAP卫星雷达资料的海冰密集度反演技术研究

SMAP是美国于2015年初发射的一颗卫星,搭载了L波段的雷达。它采用圆锥扫描方式,具有固定的入射角、较大的幅宽和千米级的分辨率,在海冰监测方面具有独特的优势。本文利用SMAP卫星雷达资料分别与德国Bremen大学海冰密集度产品和美国国家冰雪数据中心（NSIDC）海冰密集度产品建立3.125 km和25 km匹配数据集,分析了L波段雷达后向散射系数、极化比和归一化极化差与海冰密集度之间相关性,建立基于人工神经网络的海冰密集度反演算法。为了验证SMAP卫星雷达资料反演海冰密集度的精度,本文选择德国Bremen大学和美国冰雪数据中心发布的海冰密集度产品分别与SMAP海冰密集度产品进行对比分析,SMAP海冰密集度与Bremen海冰密集度的偏差为0.07、均方根误差为0.14;与NSIDC海冰密集度的偏差为0.04、均方根误差为0.18,这表明SMAP海冰密集度产品与现有业务化海冰密集度产品具有很好的一致性。