两种湿地草本植物在安徽的新分布

报道了安徽两种新分布草本植物,即玄参科Scrophulariaceae的水茫草Limosella aquatlca Linn．和菊科Compositae 裸柱菊Soliva anthemifolia R.Br．。文中所及标本存于中国林业科学研究院植物标本馆。     

地磁Ap指数与太阳黑子数的交叉小波分析及R/S分析

利用1932~2009年间的地磁Ap指数和太阳黑子数资料,用交叉小波方法和R/S方法分析了地磁Ap指数和太阳黑子数的关系。分析结果表明,① 地磁Ap指数和太阳黑子数在高频段上显著带的形状有一定程度的相似性, 具有显著和稳定的8.02~11.35 a的振荡周期;在低频部分, 地磁Ap指数和太阳黑子数4~6月的周期变化不连续,仅在部分年份通过了95%的红噪声检验。② 地磁Ap指数和太阳黑子数在8.02~11.35 a的频段上具有显著的共振周期, 且在此频段上地磁Ap指数落后太阳黑子数1.5 a左右稳定的相位变化。地磁Ap指数和太阳黑子数在低频部分存在4~6月共振周期, 但二者的位相关系不稳定。③ 地磁Ap指数和太阳黑子数时间序列的Hurst指数分别为0.79和0.81,表明地磁Ap指数和太阳黑子数都是持续的时间序列,且未来的变化将持续过去的变化趋势,具有长期记忆性和混沌特征。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘延长组砂岩储集层裂缝特征研究

宜川-旬邑地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘渭北隆起带上, 岩性观察、成像测井资料、薄片资料研究表明, 该区发育近EW向高角度区域性裂缝; 裂缝充填物中流体包裹体均一温度及沉积—构造埋藏史的分析表明, 该区主要裂缝形成于侏罗纪末期—早白垩世之前, 是构造挤压和深埋藏作用引起的联合应力作用下的产物。经尝试性研究, 基于声波时差和自然伽马资料的R/S裂缝识别方法对该地区裂缝识别具有较好的适用性, 可以用来进行该区的储集层裂缝识别研究, 并且指出了正15井、旺9井区等不同程度发育裂缝系统, 对指导该区油气勘探研究具有重要作用。      

地震活动性总体参量Rt在首都圈地区地震预测中的应用

为了比较全面的反映首都圈地区地震活动性的各方面特征,利用地震活动性总体状态参量Rt值方法,跟踪并分析首都囤地区ML≥5．1地震前的地震活动状态。研究结果表明,当Rt〉0．60时,首都圈地区地震活动状态稳定;当Rt≤0．60时,则表明首都圈地区地震活动处于不稳定状态。同时,对Rt值的地震预测能力进行了检验评估。     

反复荷载作用下锈蚀钢筋混凝土压弯构件恢复力性能的试验研究

采用外加电流对混凝土压弯构件中的钢筋进行了快速锈蚀试验,通过钢筋锈蚀混土压弯构件在水平反复荷载作用下的试验研究,探讨了钢筋锈蚀程度对混凝土压弯构件的承载力,刚度,延性,耗能能力等的影响,给出了锈蚀构件的滞回曲线和骨架曲线。     

Extraction of astaxanthin from Euphausia pacific using subcritical 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane

Euphausia pacific is an important source of natural astaxanthin.Studies were carried out to assess the extractability of astaxanthin from E.pacific using subcritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(R134a).To examine the effects of multiple process variables on the extraction yield,astaxanthin was extracted under various conditions of pressure(30-150 bar),temperature(303-343 K),time(10-50 min),flow rate(2-10 g min-1),moisture content(5.5%-63.61%),and particle size(0.25-0.109 mm).The results showed that the extraction yield increased with temperature,pressure,time and flow rate,but decreased with moisture content and particle size.A maximum yield of 87.74% was obtained under conditions of 100 bar,333 K,and 30 min with a flow rate of 6 g min-1 and a moisture content of 5.5%.The substantial astaxanthin yield obtained under low-pressure conditions demonstrates that subcritical R134a is a good alternative to CO 2 for extraction of astaxanthin from E.pacific.     

Displacement-based seismic design of hysteretic damped braces for retrofitting in-elevation irregular r.c. framed structures

A displacement-based design procedure is proposed for proportioning hysteretic damped braces (HYDBs) in order to attain, for a specific level of seismic intensity, a designated performance level of a reinforced concrete (r.c.) in-elevation irregular framed building which has to be retrofitted. To check the effectiveness and reliability of the design procedure, a numerical investigation is carried out with reference to a six-storey r.c. framed building, which, originally designed according to an old Italian seismic code (1996) for a medium-risk zone, has to be retrofitted by inserting of HYDBs to attain performance levels imposed by the current Italian code (NTC08) in a high-risk zone. To simulate a vertical irregularity, a change of use of the first two floors, from residential to office, is also supposed; moreover, masonry infill walls, regularly distributed along the perimeter, are substituted with glass windows on these floors. Nonlinear dynamic analyses of unbraced (UF), infilled (IF) and damped braced infilled (DBIF) frames are carried out considering sets of artificially generated and real ground motions, whose response spectra match those adopted by NTC08 for different performance levels. To this end, r.c. frame members are idealized by a two-component model, assuming a bilinear moment–curvature law whose ultimate bending moment depends on the axial load, while the response of an HYDB is idealized by a bilinear law, to prevent buckling. Finally, masonry infills are represented as equivalent diagonal struts, reacting only in compression, with an elastic–brittle linear law.     

Seismic assessment and retrofit of two heritage-listed R/C elevated water storage tanks

A seismic assessment and advanced retrofit study on two heritage-listed reinforced concrete (R/C) elevated water storage tanks is presented in this paper. The two structures were built between the late 1920s and the early 1930s as water suppliers for a coal power plant in Santa Maria Novella Station in Florence, and are still in service. The first, taller tank has a R/C frame supporting structure and is currently used as water supplier for trains and platform services. The second, shorter tank, with a shaft-shell supporting structure, is used as water tower for the Station. The dynamic behaviour of the fluid is simulated by means of a classical convective and impulsive mass model, for which a discrete three-dimensional schematization is originally implemented in the finite element analysis. The time–history assessment enquiry highlights numerical collapse of the frame structure in the taller tank, and unsafe tensile stress states in a large portion of the shaft structure of the shorter one, under seismic action scaled at the maximum considered earthquake level. Based on these results, two retrofit hypotheses are proposed, and namely a dissipative bracing system incorporating pressurized fluid viscous spring-dampers, for the taller tank, and a base isolation system including double curved surface sliders, for the shorter one. The mechanical parameters, design criteria and technical implementation details of the two rehabilitation strategies are illustrated. The verification time–history analyses in protected conditions show that a substantial enhancement of the seismic response capacities of both structures is attained as compared to their original configurations, with little architectural intrusion, quick installation works and competitive costs.     

Study on the Determination of Trace Ni（Ⅱ） by the Catalytic Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method

A new kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of trace Ni (II) in natural water.The method is based on the catalytic effect of Ni (II) on the oxidation of weak acid brilliant blue dye (RAWL) by KIO4 in acid medium.The concentration of nickel (II) can be determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease of absorbance of RAWL at λ= 626 nm using the fix-time method.The influencing factors are investigated by the orthogonal experimental design.The obtained optimum analytical conditions are:pH=2.00,c RAWL=5.00×10-5 mol L-1,cKIO 4= 2.00×10-5 mol L-1,the reaction time t=10 min and the temperature T=25℃..Under the optimum conditions,the developed method allows the measurement of Ni (II) in a range of 0-40.0 ng mL-1.The standard deviation of eleven independent measurements of blank reaction is S=3.08×10-3 and the limit of detection is 2.20 ng mL-1.The relative standard deviations (RSDs) in six replicate determinations of 5 ng mL-1 and 8 ng mL-1 Ni (II) are 2.87% and 1.11%,respectively.Moreover,the experiments show few cations and anions can interfere with the measurement of Ni (II).The recovery efficiencies of this method are in a range of 97.0%-102.5% in freshwater samples.But there is a decreasing effect,which is about 0.2 times the added Ni (II) in seawater medium.After reasonable calibration this processing method is used for the determination of Ni (II) in seawater samples successfully.The results show this developed method has high accuracy and precision,high sensitivity,large range of linearity and high speed.The method can,therefore,be employed at room temperature.     

渭干河流域生态水文时间序列特征及影响因素

以渭干河流域水系中的库车河兰干站、渭干河黑孜水库站、渭干河千佛洞（合成）水库站为例,对R/S和Mann-Kendall法用于水文时间序列存在的不足进行了讨论,提出了将这两种方法相结合来分析水文时间序列的变化趋势。结果表明：库车河兰干站、渭干河黑孜水库站、渭干河千佛洞（合成）水库站赫斯特指数0 < H < 0.5、统计量UF_k>0,未来径流量呈显著下降趋势,渭-库绿洲的自然和人为因素对该地区的生态水文产生一定影响。