Air pollution hazard assessment using decision tree algorithms and bivariate probability cluster polar function: evaluating inter-correlation clusters of PM10 and other air pollutants

ABSTRACT

The automated classification of ambient air pollutants is an important task in air pollution hazard assessment and life quality research. In the current study, machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to identify the inter-correlation between dominant air pollution index (API) for PM10 percentile values and other major air pollutants in order to detect the vital pollutants’ clusters in ambient monitoring data around the study area. Two air quality stations, CA0016 and CA0054, were selected for this research due to their strategic locations. Non-linear RPart and Tree model of Decision Tree (DT) algorithm within the R programming environment were adopted for classification analysis. The pollutants’ respective significance to PM10 occurrence was evaluated using Random forest (RF) of DT algorithms and K means polar cluster function identified and grouped similar features, and also detected vital clusters in ambient monitoring data around the industrial areas. Results show increase in the number of clusters did not significantly alter results. PM10 generally shows a reduction in trend, especially in SW direction and an overall minimal reduction in the pollutants’ concentration in all directions is observed (less than 1). Fluctuations were observed in the behaviors of CO and NO_x during the day while NOx displayed relative stability. Results also show that a direct and positive linear relationship exists between the PM10 (target pollutant) and CO, SO₂, which suggests that these pollutants originate from the same sources. A semi-linear relationship is observed between the PM10 and others (O₃ and NO_x) while humidity shows a negative linearity with PM10. We conclude that most of the major pollutants show a positive trend toward the industrial areas in both stations while tra?c emissions dominate this site (CA0016) for CO and NOx. Potential applications of nuggets of information derived from these results in reducing air pollution and ensuring sustainability within the city are also discussed. Results from this study are expected to provide valuable information to decision makers to implement viable strategies capable of mitigating air pollution effects.     

前苏联铁路网的形成、发展和布局

前苏联是世界上铁路运输利用率最高的国家。本文从其铁路发展的背景条件出发，分析了铁路成为前苏联最主要运输方式的原因，并进一步探讨了前苏联铁路网的建设、发展和分布特点，对我国正在进行的大规模铁路建设有一定借鉴意义。     

The Performance of Atmospheric Component Model R42L9 of GOALS／LASG

This paper examines the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP). It is a spectral model truncated at R42(2.8125°long×1.66°lat) resolution and with nine vertical levels, and referred to as R42L9/LASG hereafter. It is also the new version of atmospheric component model R15L9 of the global ocean-atmosphere-land system (GOALS/LASG). A 40-year simulation in which the model is forced with the climatological monthly mean sea surface temperature is compared with the 40-year (1958-97) U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction (NGEP) global reanalysis and the 22-year (1979-2000) Xie-Arkin monthly precipitation climatology. The mean DJF and JJA geographical distributions of precipitation, sea level pressure, 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa and 200-hPa zonal wind, and other fields averaged for the last 30-year integrat     

A hybrid method for the vulnerability assessment of R/C and URM buildings

The methodology followed by the Aristotle University (AUTh) team for the vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete (R/C) and unreinforced masonry (URM) structures is presented. The paper focuses on the derivation of vulnerability (fragility) curves in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA), as well as spectral displacement (s _d), and also includes the estimation of capacity curves, for several R/C and URM building types. The vulnerability assessment methodology is based on the hybrid approach developed at AUTh, which combines statistical data with appropriately processed (utilising repair cost models) results from nonlinear dynamic or static analyses, that permit extrapolation of statistical data to PGA’s and/or spectral displacements for which no data are available. The statistical data used herein are from earthquake-damaged greek buildings. An extensive numerical study is carried out, wherein a large number of building types (representing most of the common typologies in S. Europe) are modelled and analysed. Vulnerability curves for several damage states are then derived using the aforementioned hybrid approach. These curves are subsequently used in combination with the mean spectrum of the Microzonation study of Thessaloniki as the basis for the derivation of new vulnerability curves involving spectral quantities. Pushover curves are derived for all building types, then reduced to standard capacity curves, and can easily be used together with the S _d fragility curves as an alternative for developing seismic risk scenarios.     

铅挤压消能支撑框架模型结构试验研究

通过铅挤压消能器的低周反复加载试验,以及安装有铅挤压消能器的钢筋混凝土消能支撑框架模型结构的伪静力试验,主要研究了铅挤压消能器单独受反复荷载时的消能性能以及其在模型结构中所起的消能作用,模型结构的破坏机理和整体消能能力。研究结果表明,铅挤压消能器具有很好的消能能力,在模型结构总耗能中占据了很大的比例,模型结构具有较好的耗散地震能量的能力。     

三峡水库区滑坡时间记录的R/S分析

文章对统计的三峡库区滑坡的发生时间和规模运用时间记录分析,得到滑坡发生的年份统计规律及其发展趋势。首先对所有规模大于等于1×104m3滑坡进行分析,然后将这些滑坡按其规模划分不同等级,分别运用R/S方法进行时间记录分析,结果表明:不同规模等级滑坡的Hurst关系具有相似的特征,这一结果反映了不同规模等级的滑坡之间的统计相似性。研究区滑坡时间分布的Hurst指数均大于0.5,表明了滑坡发生具有规律和随机的双重性质。而Hurst指数偏离0.5的程度就衡量了随机性因素与确定性因素在滑坡时间分布中所占的比重。运用R/S方法,可以对一定时间范围内的滑坡涨落做出估计。     

Identification of the diffusion coefficient for a semi-linear hyperbolic-parabolic problem with discontinuous nonlinear terms

Numerical computations concerning geochemical processes in porous media require a knowledge of the values of the macroscopic parameters. In the context of the interpretation of leaching tests one such parameter is the apparent macroscopic diffusivity. In this paper, a mathematical model for dissolution in the presence of diffusion is considered. It is shown that the constant diffusion coefficient can be identifiable when the time integral of the flux is known. Moreover, a practical algorithm for computing the diffusion coefficient is proposed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Analysis of oil lens removal by extraction through a seepage face

Removal of LNAPL (oil) from an aquifer is described using a multiR2/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">phase flow model. At the well boundary seepage face conditions are imposed. These conditions are implemented in a numerical model and withdrawal in a twoR2/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">dimensional domain is simulated for two different geometries of the oil lens and for varied values of the physical parameters. Assuming vertical equilibrium, the oil flow equation is reduced by vertical integration. The well boundary condition is approximated by imposing zero oil lens thickness. Similarity solutions of the reduced equations for the two geometries show good agreement with the numerical results in most cases.     

分形理论在成矿预测中的应用

分形理论是人类进行思维和探索复杂性而定量描述的一种新方法，是研究大自然界中不规则现象的有力数学工具，在地质领域中的应用非常广泛。介绍Ｒ／Ｓ分析法原则，并结合实例来研究地质体和地质现象的分形特征，确定地质异常，建立地质异常分形模型。     

高层钢筋混凝土结构抗震选型的模糊专家系统

本文在专家调查和文献资料收集事理的基础上，建立了高层钢筋混凝土结构抗震选型的影响因素。因素关系及其模糊量化的知识表示方法；针对结构选型因素的层次性，提出了层因素逐级综合的模糊推理方法；在开发工具Ｃ－ＡＤＶＩＳＯＲ上具体建造了此类结构抗震选型的专家系统。