全文获取类型
收费全文 | 959篇 |
免费 | 100篇 |
国内免费 | 252篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 29篇 |
大气科学 | 96篇 |
地球物理 | 150篇 |
地质学 | 475篇 |
海洋学 | 172篇 |
天文学 | 306篇 |
综合类 | 40篇 |
自然地理 | 43篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 24篇 |
2015年 | 25篇 |
2014年 | 28篇 |
2013年 | 33篇 |
2012年 | 32篇 |
2011年 | 59篇 |
2010年 | 65篇 |
2009年 | 76篇 |
2008年 | 66篇 |
2007年 | 76篇 |
2006年 | 91篇 |
2005年 | 52篇 |
2004年 | 62篇 |
2003年 | 65篇 |
2002年 | 36篇 |
2001年 | 62篇 |
2000年 | 48篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 38篇 |
1997年 | 32篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1311条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
YE Ying JI Shanshan WU Daidai LI Jun ZHANG Weirui 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(2):200-205
The absorption reactions of arsenite on Fe (hydro-)oxides are studied. The three absorbent types are Fe(OH)3 gel and two Fe (hydro-)oxides, in which the Fe(OH)3 gel was dried in a microwave oven under vacuum at 80℃. It is found that pH changes from 9.71 to 10.36 in 6 minutes after the Fe (OH)3 gel was mixed with NaAsO2 solution, as the arsenite replaces the OH- in goethite and Fe(OH)3. At the 40th minute after the start of the reaction, pH decreases, which is most probably because that the monodentate surface complex of absorbed arsenite has changed into mononuclear-bidentate complex and released proton. The decline in pH values indicates not the end of the absorption but a change in the reaction type. Temperature and dissolved gas has little effect on these two types of reactions. The total absorption of arsenite increases after the absorbent is irradiated with ultrasound, which also lead to difficulty in separating the solids from solution. The absorption capacity for arsenite of Fe(OH)3 gel dried in a microwave oven under vacuum is 53.18% and 17.22% respectively better than that of Fe (OH)3 gel and gel dried at 80℃. The possible reasons are that the water molecules in the gel vibrates with high frequency under the effect of microwave irradiation, thereby producing higher porosity and improved surface activity. 相似文献
52.
53.
基于现场实验数据集及人工神经网络技术,论文提出了一种从海中粒子吸收光谱提取浮游植物吸收光谱的方法。这个数据集包含了海中粒子吸收光谱和对应的浮游植物吸收光谱,并被分为三个子集:训练集、印证集和试验集。本研究所利用的人工神经网络系统为多层感知器,训练后的人工神经网络的性能由印证集和试验集来评价。实验结果表明,文中所提出的方法可成功地提取浮游植物的吸收光谱,其提取精度与传统的实验方法相当。 相似文献
54.
Sanjay Kumar Jinka Venkata Aravind Santosh Kumar G 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(3):291-301
AbstractThis article deals with the effect of salinity variation on underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). Effect of different concentration of salt on underwater optical communication has been carried out experimentally in terms of received power at different link lengths. Based on the analysis of experimental data, a mathematical model has been proposed to describe the saline water channel. A simulation study is performed for different data rates and link lengths. It is seen that with increased salinity the attenuation is higher and the UWOC system performance degrades with higher data rate and increased link length. 相似文献
55.
The Lyα forest absorption lines in the spectra of quasars are interpreted as caused by the crossings of the light beam with the walls of a bubble structure (expanding with the Hubble flow only). Then, the typical separation between the absorption lines is proportional to the mean size of the bubbles. The variable factor is the expansion rate H[z]. The Friedmann regression analysis of the observed line separations determines the density parameter ω0 and the normalized cosmological term λ0 = λc2/3H20 of the appropriate cosmological model: ω0 = 0.014 ± 0.002, λ0 = 1.080 ± 0.006. Depending on the Hubble parameter this method reveals the values of the present mean matter density pm,0 = 2.6 h2 · 10−28 kg m−3 and of the cosmological constant Λ = 3.77 h2 · 10−52 m−2 (with h = H0/(100 km/s·Mpc)). According to our analysis all models with Λ = 0 must be excluded. The curvature of space is positive. The curvature radius R0 is 3.3 times the Hubble radius (c/H0). The age t0 is 2.8 times the Hubble age (H0−1). 相似文献
56.
南海北部藻类粒级结构及色素成分对浮游植物吸收系数的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在珠江口、广东沿岸及南海北部三个航次生物-光学数据的基础上,研究了色素打包效应和色素成分的变化对浮游植物吸收系数的影响,结果表明,两种因素对吸收系数都有较大的贡献,但在不同的水体它们的影响程度各有不同.对网采浮游植物含量较高的珠江口和广东沿岸的水体而言,色素打包效应较强,对675 nm处比吸收系数的贡献平均分别为40%和20%;对微型浮游植物占主导地位的南海北部航次的水体,打包效应较弱,对675 nm处比吸收系数的影响平均仅为6%.采用多元线性回归的方法对吸收光谱进行分析,发现除叶绿素a之外的辅助色素对吸收系数的贡献主要表现在蓝绿光波段,三个航次440 nm波长处对总吸收的贡献平均分别为44%,43%和53%,其中对珠江口和广东沿岸航次的水体主要是光合类胡萝卜素的吸收贡献,而对南海北部航次的水体除了光合类胡萝卜素以外还要受到光保护类胡萝卜素的影响.由于河口、近岸和外海水体藻类粒级结构和辅助色素成分对浮游植物吸收系数的贡献有明显的差异,在南海北部水体建立比较精确的生物光学模型时,需考虑藻类粒级结构及色素成分对浮游植物吸收系数的影响. 相似文献
57.
Besides ozone, oxygen and water vapour should be considered for their absorptive effects on "HY--1A" CZI data processing. First ,gaseous transmittances under various conditions are computed and analyzed for the band settings of this sensor. Second, transmittances under six standard atmospheres are approximated as functions of zenith angle, the water vapour transmittance is approximated as a function of water vapour content and zenith angle, and the ozone transmittance is approximated as a function of ozone content and zenith angle. Finally, taking Rayleigh scattering as an example, the influence of ignoring gaseous absorption when calculating TOA reflectance is analyzed, and the effect of applying the presented transmittance approximations to gaseous absorption correction for Rayleigh scattering in "HY--1A" CZI data processing is evaluated. 相似文献
58.
Hiroaki Sasaki Akihiko Tanaka Mitsunori Iwataki Yasuharu Touke Eko Siswanto Chun Knee Tan Joji Ishizaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):511-523
Remote sensing reflectance [R
rs(λ)] and absorption coefficients of red tides were measured in Isahaya Bay, southwestern Japan, to investigate differences in
the optical properties of red tide and non-red tide waters. We defined colored areas of the sea surface, visualized from shipboard,
as “red tides”. Peaks of the R
rs(λ) spectra of non-red tide waters were at 565 nm, while those of red tides shifted to longer wavelengths (589 nm). The spectral
shape of R
rs(λ) was close to that of the reciprocal of the total absorption coefficient [1/a(λ)], implying that the R
rs(λ) peak is determined by absorption. Absorption coefficients of phytoplankton [a
ph(λ)], non-pigment particles and colored dissolved organic matter increased with increasing chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), and those coefficients were correlated with Chl a for both red tide and non-red tide waters. Using these relationships between absorption coefficients and Chl a, variation in the spectrum of 1/a(λ) as a function of Chl a was calculated. The peak of 1/a(λ) shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing Chl a. Furthermore, the relative contribution of a
ph(λ) to the total absorption in red tide water was significantly higher than in non-red tide water in the wavelength range 550–600
nm, including the peak. Our results show that the variation of a
ph(λ) with Chl a dominates the behavior of the R
rs(λ) peak, and utilization of R
rs(λ) peaks at 589 and 565 nm may be useful to discriminate between red tide and non-red tide waters by remote sensing. 相似文献
59.
Takafumi Hirata 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):561-566
An irradiance inversion model to estimate the in situ absorption coefficient of seawater has been developed for the Ultraviolet-A (UVA) wavelength domain. Input parameters are
sun angle and the up-and downward planar irradiances measured for at least two depths. The present method does not require
seawater to be sampled, and is a discrete wavelength method which returns the absorption coefficient at a given wavelength
from the irradiances measured at that wavelength without assuming a spectral shape of any optical properties a priori. Comparison between the model results and spectrophotometric measurements shows that the model is practically useful when
cloud cover in the atmosphere is ≤ 50%. According to the present method, measurements of the irradiances enable simultaneous
observation of the in situ underwater UVA radiation level and the absorption capacity of bulk seawater using a radiometer. 相似文献
60.
Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Southern North Sea waters: Optical characterization and possible origin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The variability and origin of the Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) were studied in the Belgian coastal and adjacent areas including offshore waters and the Scheldt estuary, through the parameters: absorption at 375 nm, aCDOM(375), and the slope of the absorption curve, S. aCDOM(375) varied between 0.20 and 1.31 m−1 and between 0.97 and 4.30 m−1 in the marine area and Scheldt estuary, respectively. S fluctuated between 0.0101 and 0.0203 nm−1 in the marine area and between 0.0167 and 0.0191 nm−1 in the Scheldt estuary. The comparative analysis of aCDOM(375) and S variations evidenced different origins of CDOM in the BCZ. The Scheldt estuarine waters showed decreasing aCDOM(375) values with increasing salinity but constant S value of ∼0.018 nm−1 suggesting a dominant terrestrial origin of CDOM. On the contrary, samples collected in the marine domain showed a narrow range of aCDOM(375) but highly variable S suggesting the additional presence of autochthonous sources of CDOM. This source was evidenced based on the sorting of the marine offshore data according to the stage of the phytoplankton bloom when they were collected. A clear distinction was made between CDOM released during the growth stage characterized by high S (∼0.017 nm−1) and low aCDOM(375) and the decay phase characterized by low S (∼0.013 nm−1) and high aCDOM(375). This observation was supported by CDOM measurements performed on pure phytoplankton cultures which showed increased CDOM release along the wax and wane of the bloom but decreasing S. We concluded that the high variability of the CDOM signature in offshore waters is explained by the local biological production and processing of CDOM. 相似文献