基于InSAR、GPS形变场的长白山地区火山岩浆囊参数模拟研究

利用差分合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（DInSAR）获取长白山地区的形变场.结果显示1995~1998年期间,位于长白山东南侧的间白山火山存在6~12 cm的视线向形变,而长白山天池火山处于平静期,没有明显形变.利用2002~2003年的GPS和水准获取的形变数据,分别采用Mogi单源、双源模型反演了长白山地区火山的岩浆囊参数.其中双源模型拟合效果较为理想,两个点源一个位于长白山天池老火山口下方7.9 km处,另一个位于间白山火山下方5.5 km处.对双源模型反演得到的岩浆囊参数进行适当调整,拟合得到与InSAR形变场基本吻合的结果.上述研究结果表明长白山地区火山活动存在时间上的间歇性和空间上的迁移性,为进一步研究长白山地区火山活动机制提供了参考和依据.     

94/220 GHz星载雷达双波长比对非球形冰晶云参数敏感性分析

利用不同形状冰晶的散射特性,获得了非球形冰晶云的94/220 GHz测云雷达双波长比,探讨了非球形冰晶云的双波长比与云内微物理参数的关系,分析了衰减前后的星载雷达反射率因子及双波长比的垂直廓线。结果表明:（1）双波长比可以反映小到0.1 mm中值尺度的冰粒子,对粒子总数、谱的形状参数不敏感,对粒子大小、形状、云衰减较敏感。（2）雷达灵敏度一定时,星载雷达可测云厚与雷达波长、冰含水量（IWC）的垂直分布、云厚及衰减有关;没有进行衰减订正时,双波长比和衰减有关,冰含水量越大,波长越短,衰减越大,双波长比最大值与可探测云厚有关。两部雷达可探测冰含水量为0.001—0.1 g/m3、厚2 km的冰云;当云厚5 km、冰含水量垂直分布在0.001—0.2 g/m3时,云厚的94%基本可以被220 GHz云雷达探测到。（3）如果两部雷达气象方程中用水的介电因子,测量回波强度应进行介电因子的订正后再计算双波长比。      

城市区域南北朝向室内表面温度特征

使用12月、4月、8月昆明城市区建筑物室内小气候的观测资料,分析了室内不同方位的墙体表面温度的特征、变化规律及差异。结果表明：南北朝向房屋不同内壁表面温度存在显著的时间和季节变化,4月和8月内壁表面温度较高,12月较低;12月室内表面温度变化受房屋朝向影响十分显著,4月和8月影响较小;南屋12月夜间S壁表面温度最大,昼间E壁最小;4月和8月则反之,夜间E壁表面温度最大,昼间S壁最小;北屋3个月份内夜间E壁表面温度均最大,昼间N壁最小。以上所得结果可为探讨房屋微气候特征和形成机制、原因,建筑物的合理设计和规划,以及改善人们居住环境的深入研究提供依据,并且为其它地区的相关研究提供参考。     

Application of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) for determination of the engineering parameters of sandy soils

Determination of the in situ engineering properties of foundation materials has always been a challenge for geotechnical engineers and, thus, several methods have been developed so far. Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) test is one of the most versatile amongst them. In the present research, a light weight simple DCP device was developed and used for evaluation of the engineering properties of sandy soils in laboratory conditions. The device consisted of an 8-kg hammer that drops over a height of 575 mm, and drives a 60° cone tip with 20 mm base diameter into the ground. To control the validation of the results, laboratory direct shear and plate load tests were used as reference tests. The soil sample was a poorly graded sandy soil (SP) taken from alluvial deposits of the Tehran plain. All DCP tests and PLTs were undertaken on compacted soil in a mould with 700 mm diameter and 700 mm height. Based on the results of the experiments, the relationships between Dynamic Penetration Index (DPI), relative density (D_r), modulus of elasticity (E), shear modulus (G), modulus of subgrade reaction (K_S), and the friction angle of the soil were obtained with a high coefficient of determination (> 90%). The repeatability of the test results was also evaluated by calculating the coefficient of variations (C_v), which was less than 30% for all tests.     

GPS/UWB组合定位关键技术研究

根据GPS/UWB组合系统的定位原理及时空基准的不同特点,确定了GPS/UWB组合定位数学模型,给出了天线相位中心统一方法和时间同步及实验场建立解决方案,提出运用赫尔默特方差分量估计对组合系统观测量合理定权。最后,在RTKLIB开源软件基础上进行二次开发,验证上述方法的正确性。     

电位法井间监测技术

在简要阐述电位法井间监测技术的基本理论及测试方法的基础上 ,通过大庆油田采油四厂杏 7- 2更 2 4井调剖工艺效果评价、大港油田港西三区一断块注水井注水推进方位测试及山西吉试 1井煤层压裂裂缝方位测试等现场应用实例 ,证实了电位法井间监测技术在油田开发、工艺措施评价及在煤层气勘探开发领域所发挥的重要作用 ,同时也进一步说明了该技术的实用性及今后的推广前景     

Characterisation of deformation and flow mechanics around porphyroclasts in a calcite marble ultramylonite by means of EBSD analysis

This paper studies the flow heterogeneity around porphyroclasts associated with greenschist facies deformation of a calcite marble shear zone. Microstructural data from electron backscatter diffraction analyses (EBSD) are used to constrain the flow mechanics of this dominantly non-coaxial type of deformation. The microstructure of the undisturbed ultramylonite (grain-size range 5–100 μm, mean 40 μm) is interpreted to represent steady-state (time-independent) flow conditions with flow planes parallel to the shear zone boundary. Single calcite porphyroclasts (grain-size 1–3 mm) caused flow perturbation in the fine-grained marble ultramylonite. It is the shape, in particular, of these rigid porphyroclasts that controls their rotational behaviour during deformation and, therefore, the development of specific flow fabrics. The flow planes around elongated-rhomboidal, stable porphyroclasts change the orientation to become roughly parallel to the porphyroclast margin, whereas the geometry of flow planes around nearly equant, rotating porphyroclasts describes a δ-type flow pattern. We infer that to some extent decoupling at the clast–matrix interface has occurred to guarantee a stable orientation of elongated porphyroclasts, but was not sufficient to reduce the rotation rate of equant clasts to zero. According to the flow deflection, the general crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) with its single c-axis maximum perpendicular to the flow plane is rotated about an axis which is (sub)parallel to the kinematic rotation axis of the shear zone. Ultramylonite microstructures, CPOs and misorientation data are best explained by the dual operation of grain-size-insensitive (dislocation creep with recovery and recrystallization) and grain-size-sensitive (diffusion creep) mechanisms. The limited grain-size reduction around porphyroclasts suggests that the grain-size-insensitive mechanisms controlled rheology.     

全球定位系统的新进展(讲座) 第2讲 导航电文新增参数及相应的算法——从导航电文的变化看GPS系统的进展

介绍了GPS现代化实施后调制在L2C码和L5码上的导航电文CNAV中地球定向参数EOP、卫星导航定位系统之间的时间差参数GGTO、微分改正参数DC和卫星星历参数等新增的参数,以及这些参数相应的算法。     

像底点用于POS系统直接对地目标定位

根据像底点与航摄像片外方位角元素的几何关系,本文提出利用像底点求解IMU视准轴误差,以提高POS系统直接对地目标定位精度的方法,并用一组实际飞行的数据进行了试验。结果表明,该方法可有效提高POS系统直接对地目标定位的精度,而无需布设特定的检校场和地面控制点。对带POS系统的城区大比例尺航空影像对地目标定位有一定实用价值。     

Blazar天体的辐射特性研究

收集了47个Blazar天体的短时标光变资料,估算了中心天体质量和不同波段辐射区域,并对估算结果作了统计分析,发现Blazar天体中心黑洞质量在10~7M_☉到10~(10)M_☉之间,BL Lac天体与平谱射电类星体中心黑洞质量有很大差异,平谱射电类星体中心黑洞质量大于BL Lac天体中心黑洞质量;红外波段和γ射线波段辐射区域大小相似.同时,利用收集到Blazar天体的热光度分析了Blazar天体热光度与短时标光变之间的关系,证实了射电选BL Lac(RBL)天体和平谱射电类星体(FSRQs)的辐射是强成束的,但相对论聚柬效应对X射线选BL Lac(XBL)天体的辐射影响较小.