Assessment of the conventional molybdenum-blue and magnesium-induced coprecipitation procedures in phosphorus measurement in various aquatic environments

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient utilized by all organisms for energy transport and growth. Both the conventional molybdenum-blue method and the magnesium-induced coprecipitation (MAGIC) procedures were applied for the measurement of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in more than 840 water samples collected between 2003 and 2005, including seawater (the Huanghai Sea, the East China Sea, and the northern South China Sea), water from rivers and estuaries (the Changjiang, the Huanghe, and the major rivers emptying into the Jiaozhou Bay), groundwater (in the drainage basin surrounding the Jiaozhou Bay), rain- water, and aquaculture water samples. The MAGIC method allows the investigation of phosphorus distributions and cycling for systems in which DIP is below the detection limits of conventional methods. Comparison between the two methods demonstrated that the concentrations obtained with both methods were signiˉcantly correlated. The di?erences of DIP and TDP concentrations measured with the two methods were higher when the concentrations of DIP and TDP were lower, implying the lower reproducibility at low concentrations. The concentration di?erences increase with the increase in the proportion of DOP in TDP, which indicates that the discrepancy of DIP concentrations measured with the two methods increases when the DOP concentration is high. The discrepancies indicated that the composition of P compounds di?ers depending on sample sources and water type; it would be useful to infer the presence of di?erent phosphorus compound pools from di?erences between the two methods. This study indicates the potential presence of a pool of alkaline-labile compounds for samples from rainwater and rivers and estuaries surrounding the Jiaozhou Bay; the potential presence of acid-labile compounds that were adsorbed by Mg(OH)2 for samples from the Changjiang Estuary, Huanghai Sea, East China Sea, and groundwater; the po- tential presence of a substantial pool of acid-labile compounds that were not adsorbed by Mg(OH)2 for samples from the Huanghe Estuary, aquaculture water, the East China Sea algal bloom water, and the northern South China Sea.     

海水中超低含量活性磷酸盐的Mg(OH)2共沉淀法测定研究

活性磷(正磷酸盐)是海洋浮游植物生长所必需的物质基础[1-8],磷的生物可利用性直接影响全球的初级生产力水平.磷在特定的海洋环境中还可能限制固氮作用,成为限制海洋初级生产力的重要因素[1,3,6].海水中磷酸盐含量的测定也是海洋污染调查的重要指标之一[4,9].农业和工业废水中磷的过度排放导致河口和近岸海水富营养化,引起浮游植物异常繁殖,造成“赤潮”现象[4].因此,海水中磷的准确测定对深入理解生物地球化学过程及海洋环境保护具有重要理论和实际意义[4-6,9].磷钼蓝分光光度法是海水中活性磷的经典测定方法,检测限为324 nmo1/dm3[5],但在一些寡营养盐海域,例如在南海、地中海     

Al3+交换蛭石层间铝的赋存状态研究

利用阳离子交换实验方法,将天然蛭石转化为羟基Al3+型蛭石,通过X射线衍射、差热分析,研究铝离子在蛭石层间域中的赋存状态.结果显示,Al3+交换蛭石中的层间铝不能用KCl溶液将其提取出来,但可用柠檬酸钠溶液可以将其提取出来,是一种非交换性的聚合羟基铝.Al3+的离子电势虽然很高,但Al3+交换蛭石的脱水温度却低于蛭石原矿.表明Al3+进入蛭石层间域后发生水解反应,生成Al(OH)2+和Al(OH)2+从而降低了Al3+的有效离子电势,使其脱水温度降低.Al3+进入蛭石层间域后发生水解反应,其可能的水解反应式为[Al(OH2)6]3+〈=〉[Al(OH)x(OH2)6-x]3-x+xH+,其中x＜3.     

重力波诱导OH气辉分布的变化

利用全隐欧拉格式和全球热层-电离层-中间层-电动力学环流耦合模式（TIME GCM） ,本文分析了非线性重力波在向上传播过程中对OH气辉廓线的影响,结果表明,当较小垂直 尺度重力波经过OH气辉发射层时,对其峰值分布有明显的影响,有时会出现双峰现象,说明 非线性重力波传播是引起气辉双峰分布的一个直接原因;重力波在中层顶区域的破碎 在OH气辉分布均有不同程度的表现,这不仅可以解释一些实际的观测,同时也对利用OH气辉 观测分析重力波传播特性有明显的指示意义.      

太阳射电尖峰辐射的电子回旋脉泽增长率

本在Ｍｅｌｒｏｓｅ和Ｋｕｌｋ新发展的准线性理论基础上，继续作前面所做的工作，对ｓｐｉｋｅ辐射的ＥＣＭ增长率做进一步的分析。     

氢脉泽磁屏蔽的改进与性能测定

氢脉泽量子振荡器中（F＝1，mF=0）→（F＝0，mF＝0）跃迁是与磁场方有关的，所以希望将外磁场在储存泡处的影响降低到最小。最可行的办法是采用磁屏蔽。实验证明紧凑、同轴柱形的磁屏蔽最有效。本文将给出氢脉泽磁屏蔽的设计考虑与性能测定要求。     

星际水脉泽源中高速气体的CO巡测

用射电天文联合实验室紫金山天文台青海站１３．７米望远镜，于１９９７年４月对９７个水脉泽源做了ＣＯ（Ｊ＝１－０）的巡测及部分成图观测，结果表明８１个源的谱线适于作成协星体活动分析．经初步证认有外向流候选者３３个，全部为首次给出高速范围．对其轮廓特点及与Ｈ２Ｏ脉泽辐射的关系作了简要讨论．ＣＯ高速气体和Ｈ２Ｏ脉泽的速度范围和峰值速度在多数情况下分别相符，这说明两者的激发可能相关．