象山港水交换数值研究 Ⅱ.模型应用和水交换研究

使用水平二维对流－扩散型水交换模式模拟研究了象山港的水交换,对不同区域的水交换控制机理作了初步探讨,象山港水交换状况与其控制机制的区域性变化很大。牛鼻水道至佛渡水道是一个潮流较强的潮通道;９０％水交换周期为５天左右。象山港狭湾内水交换周期较长,湾顶处９０％水交换的周期约为８０天左右。     

Green water overtopping analyzed with a SPH model

Wave overtopping on the decks of offshore platforms and ships can cause severe damage due to the high forces generated by the water. This phenomenon is analyzed within the framework of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The presence of a fixed horizontal deck above the mean water level modifies strongly the wave kinematics. In particular, the flow in the wave crest is split into two, showing a different behavior above and below the deck. Numerical results generated by the SPH method are compared to laboratory experiments. The formation of a jet in the rear of the deck after overtopping is observed under extreme conditions.     

Quadrature-based approach for the efficient evaluation of surge hazard

The Joint Probability Method (JPM) has been used for hurricane surge frequency analysis for over three decades, and remains the method of choice owing to the limitations of more direct historical methods. However, use of the JPM approach in conjunction with the modern generation of complex high-resolution numerical models (used to describe winds, waves, and surge) has become highly inefficient, owing to the large number of costly storm simulations that are typically required. This paper describes a new approach to the selection of the storm simulation set that permits reduction of the JPM computational effort by about an order of magnitude (compared to a more conventional approach) while maintaining good accuracy. The method uses an integration scheme called Bayesian or Gaussian-process quadrature (together with conventional integration methods) to evaluate the multi-dimensional joint probability integral over the space of storm parameters (pressure, radius, speed, heading, and any others found to be important) as a weighted summation over a relatively small set of optimally selected nodes (synthetic storms). Examples of an application of the method are shown, drawn from the recent post-Katrina study of coastal Mississippi.     

非均一相互作用能对超薄膜生长影响的Monte Carlo模拟研究

利用Monte Carlo (MC)模拟技术研究了非均一的吸附原子与基底相互作用能在一定的生长条件下对超薄膜生长过程的影响.非均一相互作用能是由基底表面原子在垂直和水平方向上实际位置与理想晶格原子位置的偏差所造成.本文用高斯分布来表示这种非均一相互作用能.模拟结果表明:非均一相互作用能对超薄膜的生长过程及薄膜的形貌有显著的影响.这种影响同时受到生长条件的限制,在中等温度时相互作用能的非均一性对岛的个数、平均大小的影响最显著;温度的增加在一定程度上可抵御相互作用能的非均一性对薄膜生长的影响.     

Balancing deformation in NW Borneo: Quantifying plate-scale vs. gravitational tectonics in a delta and deepwater fold-thrust belt system

Recent GPS measurements demonstrate that NW Borneo undergoes 4–6 mm of plate-scale shortening a year, which is not accommodated by plate-scale structures. The only geological structure in NW Borneo described to accommodate on-going shortening is the Baram Delta System located on the outer shelf to basin floor. Delta toe fold-thrust belts are commonly thought to be caused by margin-normal compressional stresses generated by margin-parallel upslope gravitational extension.     

扇形沉积体生长的分形几何特征分析

扇形沉积体是我国内陆及沿海地区中、新生代含油气盆地中的重要油气勘探目标,对其平面分布形态和内部结构参数特征的定量表征是油气勘探部门极为关注的问题。随着分形几何理论在沉积学领域应用的日趋广泛,使人们可从新的角度来考虑这一问题的解决方法。扇形沉积体的生长是一个复杂的非线性动力学过程,且具有分形特征。分维数的大小反映了沉积体外部形态和内部结构的复杂程度,分维数的变化幅度预示着构造和沉积背景的某些信息。将分形和混沌理论相结合,也许是实施扇形沉积体非线性动力学建模和模拟的重要途经之一。     

均匀导电半空间中频率域和时间域三维电张量格林函数及应用

从电张量格林函数的物理意义出发,在频率域和时间域研究了均匀导电半空间中的电张量格林函数,并基于Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ方程分析了三维电磁散射的数值模拟方法。作者还根据实际情况,首次模拟出三维瞬变电磁激电异常的相位剖面图,其结果与直流情况类似并与实际资料相吻合。     

Investigation on the geological and geotechnical factors leading to a major slope failure at a selected site on a Jordanian highway

During and after the very wet 1991/1992 winter experienced in Jordan, significant slope failures occurred along several sections of the new Irbid-Amman highway in Jordan. The topography over most of the route is hilly, and significant amounts of cut and fill were used to construct the highway. One such slope failure lies at 44+800 km on the highway south of Jerash City at a distance of about 5.0 km from Wadi Zerqa bridge. A landslide occurred downslope of the highway embankment resulting in a collapse of the most of the gabbion wall supporting the embankment. This paper deals with the overall stability of the slope at 44+800 km. It presents the geological and geotechnical studies carried out at this site, identifies the causes and mechanism of instability, and presents appropriate remedial measures. The study concluded that the landslide movement occurred within the colluvium material. It resulted primarily from excess piezometric pressures generated within the slope as a direct consequence of inadequate drainage. It is recommended to reconstruct the entire gabbion wall with its foundation seated on the sandstone that underlies the colluvium and to install a surface drainage system at the site.     

A Block-Based Theoretical Model Suited to Gravitational Sliding

An original theoretical model has been devised to simulate mass flow over hill slopes due to gravitational sliding. The sliding mass is discretized into a sequence of contiguous blocks which are subjected to gravitational forces, to bottom friction and to surface resistance stresses that are generally negligible for subaerial flows, but are relevant for submarine slides. The blocks interact with each other while sliding down the hill flanks because of internal forces that dissipate mechanical energy and produce a momentum exchange between the individual blocks, yet conserving the total momentum of the mass. Internal forces are expressed in terms of interaction coefficients depending on the instantaneous distance between the block centers of mass, which is a measure of the deformation experienced by the blocks: the functional dependence includes three parameters, namely the interaction intensity ¯, the deformability parameter and the shape parameter , by means of which a wide range of interaction types can be fully accounted for. The time integration is performed numerically by solving the equations for the block velocities and positions at any time ti by means of the block accelerations at the previous time t_i-1, and by subsequently updating the block accelerations, which allows to proceed iteratively to the following times. The model has been tested against laboratory results available from literature and by means of several numerical experiments involving a simplified geometry both for the sliding body and the basal surface, with the purpose of clarifying the influence of the model parameters on the slide dynamics. The model improves the performance of the existing kinematic models for slides, moreover preserving an equivalent numerical simplicity. Future applications and possible improvements of this model are suggested.     

西藏易贡滑坡物质运动全过程数值模拟研究

2000年4月9日20时05分，西藏波密县易贡乡发生的大型山体崩滑，造成极大危害。在野外调查基础上，运用离散单元法模拟该崩滑体破坏、运动的全过程，此次灾害为扎木弄沟源头的山体崩塌，振动引起沟内崩坡积物发生沙土液化而随崩塌体一起运动，形成高速碎屑流的破坏运动机制，与实际情况较为吻合。