土质场地重力式挡土墙地震土压力振动台实验研究

汶川震区路基挡土墙震害表明,地震动荷载作用下重力式挡墙的位移、破坏与基础场地形式有关,除岩质场地和土质场地挡墙所共有的外倾形式,土质地基挡土墙还表现有整体推移及下部向外推移的倾转变形等复杂模式,因此地震土压力大小及分布也将受到这种复杂土-结相互作用的影响。基于碎石土及风化花岗岩填料的土质场地重力式挡土墙大型振动台模型实验,对挡土墙地震土压力及变形模式开展了对比研究,发现在强震作用下,土质地基挡墙因基础约束较弱而产生位移,并伴随明显的墙—土分离现象,致使实测地震土压力较之抗震设计规范计算值偏小（0.4g峰值加速度下约小6%～15%）,但作用点高度变化不大。由实验结果与现行抗震规范计算值的安全系数对比,认为对土质场地挡墙的地震土压力计算,按现行国内抗震设计规范基本能满足实际工程抗震设计需要;对于地震区挡墙设计,在允许挡墙发生少量容许位移的前提下可采用内摩擦角较大、自稳能力更好的墙背填料以减少地震土压力。     

滇西石缸河锡矿床的成因探讨

石缸河锡矿床在空间上，时间上和成因上与志本山花岗岩演化分异晚期形成的浅色细粒白云母花岗岩有着密切联系，属岩浆期后热液矿床。     

陕西商县蔷薇辉石玉石矿床地质、工艺性质及成因

陕西商县蔷薇辉石(粉翠)矿床是陕西省首次发现并评价的玉石矿床。蔷薇辉石产于宽坪群四岔口组中段下部二云石英片岩所夹的含锰石英白云石大理岩、含锰石英岩等含锰岩中。矿体既成层分布又相对集中。粉翠玉料质优且加工工艺性能良好。蔷薇辉石矿床的形成主要经历了沉积期和区域变质期两大阶段。成因类型属变质岩型低温变质相蔷薇辉石矿床。     

广东省产业结构发展水平的空间格局研究

以广东省的市域为经济单元,利用空间自相关分析和密度分析法,对1994—2015年广东省产业结构发展水平空间格局进行了研究。结果表明:广东省逐渐形成了以广州、深圳、东莞为中心的第三产业圈,周边城市为第二产业外圈,并逐渐向四周扩散的圈层式空间格局。珠三角地区产业结构发展水平较高,其他地区相对落后。全省的全局空间自相关性比较高,产业发展水平的空间聚集特征明显,高-高区域集中在珠三角地区,低-低区域主要分布在其他地区,有较明显的两极分化异质性。     

On the applicability of KirchofPs law and the principle of heat balance in thermal infrared remote sensing:A non-isothermal system

This paper proposes a basic equation of thermal radiation interaction between surface objects on the basis of the principle of heat balance in the interface. The solution of this equation takes account of the contribution of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux more completely, compared with traditional solution for surface cooling and heating processes. By the aid of the experimental data conducted in the Xiaotangshan experimental site, Beijing, both the non-applicability of Kirchoff's law and the measurability of surface emissivity in a non-isothermal system have been highlighted. Two methods called ventilation and time-delay compensations have been proposed to reduce the error induced by change of surface temperatures of non-isothermal objects during the measurement of emissivity. Based on the solution of the basic equation, this paper has analyzed and pointed out the misunderstanding in comprehension and application of Kirchoff's law published in literature.     

Modeling the history of Lake of the Woods since 11,000 cal yr B.P. using GIS

Because of differential isostatic rebound, many lakes in Canada have continued to change their extent and depth since retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Using GIS techniques, the changing configuration and bathymetry of Lake of the Woods in Ontario, Manitoba, and Minnesota were reconstructed for 12 points in time, beginning at 11,000 cal yr B.P. (9.6 ¹⁴C ka B.P.), and were also projected 500 years into the future, based on the assumption that Lake of the Woods continued to have a positive hydrological budget throughout the Holocene. This modeling was done by first compiling a bathymetric database and merging that with subaerial data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). This DEM file was then adjusted by: (1) isobase data derived from Lake Agassiz beaches prior to 9000 cal yr B.P. (8.1 ¹⁴C ka B.P.) and (2) modeled isostatic rebound trend analysis after 9000 cal yr B.P. Just after the end of the Lake Agassiz phase of Lake of the Woods, only the northernmost part of the basin contained water. Differential rebound has resulted in increasing water depth. In the first 3000 years of independence from Lake Agassiz, the lake transgressed >50 km to the south, expanding its area from 858 to 2857 km², and more than doubling in volume. Continued differential rebound after 6000 cal yr B.P. (5.2 ¹⁴C ka B.P.) has further expanded the lake, although today it is deepening by only a few cm per century at the southern end. In addition, climate change in the Holocene probably played a role in lake level fluctuations. Based on our calculation of a modern hydrological budget for Lake of the Woods, reducing runoff and precipitation by 65% and increasing evaporation from the lake by 40% would end overflow and cause the level of the lake to fall below the outlets at Kenora. Because this climate change is comparable to that recorded during the mid-Holocene warming across the region, it is likely that the area covered by the lake at this time would have been less than that determined from differential isostatic rebound alone.     

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金华市街道灰尘磁化率与交通因素的关系

通过对浙江省金华市街道灰尘磁化率测试,从主干道与非主干道磁化率的对比、十字路口与非十字路口磁化率的比较以及磁化率与路网密度相关分析三个方面,定量研究金华市街道灰尘磁化率及其与交通因素的关系。结果表明：灰尘样品磁化率（χlf）变幅为127.57×10^-8~853.91×10^-8 m³ · kg^-1,平均值为322.55×10^-8 m³ · kg^-1,高于本地土壤磁化率;频率磁化率变幅为0.67%~3.99%,平均值为1.61%;磁化率与频率磁化率呈负相关关系;主干道灰尘的磁化率大于非主干道,十字路口灰尘磁化率大于非十字路口;灰尘磁化率和路网密度呈正相关,金华市街道灰尘磁化率可以指示交通污染的分布状况。     

DISCUSSION: ‘HYDROLOGICAL MODEL OF PEAT-MOUND FORM WITH VERTICALLY VARYING HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY’ BY ADRIAN C. ARMSTRONG

In this comment we argue that the premise on which the peat mound model developed by Armstrong (Earth Surface Process and Landforms, 1995, 20 , 473–477) is based, that hydraulic conductivity shows an exponential decline with depth in bog peats, is unsound. Empirical evidence in the literature for such an exponential decline is less sound than Armstrong suggests. In addition, Armstrong's suggestion that the hypothesis of Baird and Gaffney (Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1995, 20 , 561–566) supports an exponential decline is shown to be erroneous.