千新星(并合新星)研究回顾

中子星-中子星或中子星-黑洞的并合可以导致强烈的高频引力波辐射,同时它们也可以通过向外抛射物质发出多种类型的电磁辐射信号,因而是当前多信使天文学研究的主要对象之一.在各种电磁辐射信号中,由抛射物所发出的热暂现源辐射被称为千新星,或可更广义地称为并合新星,其辐射能量来源主要是抛射物中放射性重元素的衰变和中心并合产物的持续能量输出(如自转能损).这种现象最早由Li和Paczynski在1998年从理论上预言提出,并最终在2017年的引力波事件GW170817中被观测证实.千新星(并合新星)观测在GW170817事件中发挥了关键性的电磁对应体作用,帮助人们精确定位引力波信号、证认其天体物理起源乃至限制并合产物的性质.从宇宙中重元素的起源这一研究背景出发,循着历史发展的脉络,分别对千新星(并合新星)模型的提出、发展、并合产物的性质、相关候选体的发现以及GW170817引力波事件等不同的研究阶段和研究专题进行简要的回顾,以梳理这一方向上研究思路的历史变迁,展现理论和观测的相互作用及其对研究进程的影响和促进.     

A Brief Review of Kilonova (Mergernova) Researchestwo

The neutron star-neutron star and neutron star-black hole mergers may cause the intense radiation of high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs), they can also produce various electromagnetic emissions by ejecting materials outwards. Therefore, these merger events are the most important targets of current multi-messenger astronomical studies. The thermal transient radiation emitted from merger ejecta is called the kilonova or, more generally, the mergernova, which is powered by the radioactive decays of r-process elements, and the energy injection from the central merger product. This phenomenon was first predicted theoretically by Li and Paczynski in 1998, and confirmed by the optical-infrared observations of the GW170817 event in 2017. As a result, the kilonova/mergernova observation had played a crucial role in locating GW170817, identifying its astrophysical origin, and even constraining the nature of the merger product of this event. This paper briefly reviews the primary progress of kilonova/mergernova researches, including the initiative, improvement, and development of the model, the observational discoveries of candidates, and the optical electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817.     

Dense star clusters as the sources of gamma-ray-burst progenitors

Two independent sets of arguments lead us to conclude that the progenitors of superintense bursts (with an energy yield larger than that for ordinary supernovae by one or two orders of magnitude) are born in massive dense star clusters, but generally flare up only after they have left the cluster; these are the same objects that are the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Each of the giant stellar arcs which are grouped into multiple systems of stellar complexes in the LMC and NGC 6946 could only be produced by a single powerful energy release near its center. The progenitors of these systems of arc-shaped stellar complexes must have had a common source nearby, and it could only be a massive star cluster. Such clusters are actually known near both systems. On the other hand, calculations of the dynamical evolution of star clusters show that close binary systems of compact objects are formed in the dense central parts of the clusters and are then ejected from them during triple encounters. Mergers of the components of such systems are believed to be responsible for GRBs. Since their progenitors are ejected from the cluster before merging, the arc-shaped stellar complexes produced by GRBs are observed near (but not around) the parent clusters. If a considerable fraction of the GRB progenitors are formed as a result star encounters in massive star clusters, and if the GRBs themselves trigger star formation near the parent clusters, then observations of GRBs in star-forming regions are consistent with their origin during mergers of pairs of compact objects.     

新疆地区强震前中短期阶段地震活动异常动态图像

利用２个描述强震前中短期阶段地震活动异常平静及丛集的参量,计算了新疆地震区１９７０～１９９８年以１年为窗长３个月为步长的活动异常图像,并给出了发生新疆乌恰的２次７．４级地震前后,新疆地区σＮ异常分布动态演化图像,对异常图像的动态演化过程与强震发生地点的关系进行了分析;将对其用于新疆地区地震预测进行了预测检验,结果表明。该参量能较好和直观地描述了中强震前地震活动异常时空动态图像,不受样本量的限制,并     

多次透射边界模拟成层介质中瞬态波动的精度分析

本文将对多次透射边界在瞬态波动模拟中的精度分析推广到介质中存在多个物理波速的情形，阐明了它模拟成层介质中瞬态波动的适用性，指出多次透射边界的误差随着透射阶数的增加而迅速减小，二阶透射边界已具有足够高的模拟精度。     

CATSAT - a very low cost burst distance measuring mission

CATSAT is a small, fast and cheap space mission currently funded for Phase A studies under the Student Explorer Demonstration Initiative (STEDI) by University Space Research Association. Its prime scientific objective is to determine burst distances by measuring their spectra at energies from < 500 eV to several MeV. Soft X-ray spectral measurements will be made with 2 cm² Si Avalanche Photodiodes (APD). The spectrometer will consist of seven collimated arrays, each containing 14 APDs and covering 1 steradians. CATSAT also contains three other context instruments. The Directional Gamma Spectrometer is a NaI-PMT array which will provide burst triggering as well as spectra and directional information from > 200 keV observations. The Hard X-Ray spectrometer consists of CaF₂(Eu)-PMT detectors which are optimized in the cyclotron absorption energy band. The X-ray Albedo Polarimeter consists of nine collimated NaI-PMT detectors observing the earth reflected emission. Results from the XAP will be used to determine the burst direction and to place constraints on X-ray polarization. CATSAT was designed at three universities to be built with student help in two years for a cost of $3.5M.     

Basic Structural and Geological Features of the Stolovac Uranium Mineral Occurrence, Eastern Serbia

The uranium mineral occurrence of Stolovac is located in the middle of a Permian red sandstone formation, the westernmost east‐Serbian Carpatho‐Balkan metallogenic province, or the Ridanj–Krepoljin ore zone. It was found by geological radiometry survey at the anomaly spots indicated by aerial gamma‐ray spectrometry (AGS). The task of anomaly identification is to accurately locate the AGS‐recorded anomalies in the field, to define the source of anomalous radioactivity (natural or artificial), to understand the relationship between the anomalous radioactivity and the given structural and geological situation, and to sample the material. The geological radiometry survey at scale 1:25,000 indicated increased radioactivity in gray sandstones of the Stolova?ki stream bed in Stolovac, some 40 km NE of Para?in. The instrument used was a scintillometer SSP 2NF, and the measured radioactivity was 10‐fold higher than the local background level. Of all the customary field work, the greatest volume (trenching, drilling and accessory testing) was carried out in Stolovac; other radioactivity anomalies in the red sandstone formation remained inadequately explored and are the subject of this paper. The 3‐year exploration in uranium at Stolovac indicated sandstone‐type infiltrated uranium mineralization in sandstones in the middle of the Permian red sandstone formation: a complex called “variegated rocks”.     

Magmatism of Kunashir island (Kuril island arc) from aerogeophysical evidence

The existence of a lateral volcanic zoning in the Kuril island arc (KIA) was confirmed by the analysis of the 1: 50 000 scale maps of the abundances of natural radioactive elements (NRE). Trends of the NRE ratios were calculated for the magmatic complexes of the KIA, and their relation to fluidization processes was proved. Based on aerogeophysical data (maps of NRE ratios and the magnetic field), the main cyclic sequence of the formation of active volcanoes and magmatism was distinguished. Multicyclic volcanoes related to mantle sources usually show the predominance of calc-alkaline volcanic complexes, the occurrence of magnetite precipitation processes, and weak development of metasomatic aureoles. Other volcanoes connected to crustal sources are characterized by the development of calcic complexes and extensive hydrothermal-metasomatic systems.     

个旧锡矿区围岩介质成矿地球化学作用

对碳酸盐地层的研究发现，个旧锡矿区围岩介质和地球化学作用对矿床的成因影响很大、联系密切，有明显的成矿控制作用。     

塔里木盆地奥陶系生物礁露头的地球物理特征

奥陶系生物礁为塔里木盆地重要的储集层,明确露头上生物礁的内部结构及发育规模,探索露头和井下生物礁对比研究的新手段有重要意义。应用探地雷达及自然伽马能谱仪对塔里木盆地巴楚达吾孜塔格奥陶系露头进行了探测。研究表明,探地雷达剖面上多数生物礁为扁平透镜状或层状,这与露头上观察的结果有所差别;高分辨率雷达剖面揭示出较出露生物礁发育程度更大、个体更小的疙瘩状礁体或礁团块;礁体内部的分层性及礁体内部水道充填体的斜层理在雷达剖面上反映明显,雷达分辨率可达到分米级别。礁灰岩的自然伽马值高于亮晶砂、砾屑灰岩,而低于泥晶灰岩、棘屑灰岩、泥晶生屑灰岩、泥灰岩的放射性。生物礁在自然伽马曲线上表现为漏斗形、钟形或箱形;自然伽马曲线也反映出礁体内部的分层性。露头和轮南井下奥陶系生物礁的自然伽马放射性特征有一定的相似性,这为露头和井下生物礁的对比研究提供了有力的辅助手段.