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41.
Methods for the determination of three compound classes, i. e. diaminotoluenes, nitrophenols, and chloroaromatics in groundwater of a former ammunition plant are reported. Diaminotoluenes were extracted by discontinuous liquid/liquid-, nitrophenols by continuous liquid/liquid-extraction using dichloromethane, and chloroaromatics by solid-phase extraction. These compound classes may be analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) without derivatization or after derivatization with N-methyl-bis(trifluoroacetamide) (MBTFA) or heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) in the case of diaminotoluenes and HFBA or acetic anhydride in the case of nitrophenols. An atomic emission detector (AED) coupled to a gas chromatograph may be employed for the analysis of chloroaromatics. High selectivity can be achieved using the characteristic wavelengths of chlorine. A variety of these compounds were identified and quantified in a groundwater sample from the former ammunition plant Elsnig (Saxony, Germany). Concentrations were in the lower ppb range. Thus, dichlorobenzenes which may have been used as substituents at the end of World War II could be identified in groundwater samples at this site. 相似文献
42.
A. P. Dykes 《Landslides》2007,4(3):279-290
The West Mouth of the Great Cave at Niah in Sarawak, northwest Borneo and the North Passage that leads to the West Mouth contain
large deposits of guano. The main deposit, several metres thick in places, forms the sloping floor of the entire North Passage.
A mass movement deposit identified in the West Mouth, having a volume of 600 m3, originated as a guano mudflow up the North Passage in the order of 40,000 years ago. This failure of the guano slope was
investigated to determine whether particular conditions or events could be identified as the most likely causes. The physical,
hydrological and geotechnical properties of samples of the material were determined so that the stability of the slope could
be assessed. Stability analyses showed that shearing failure of the slope would require inputs of water to the slope in quantities
for which no feasible explanation can be suggested. However, the properties of the guano are similar to those of loess, indicating
a high susceptibility to ‘hydrocollapse’. Very shallow failure of the slope, possibly as several smaller mudflows, could therefore
have occurred due to additional water in quantities that could realistically be supplied as rainwater spray, possibly with
a seismic trigger. The climate must therefore have been wetter than it is at present. These findings have implications for
the interpretation of sediment deposits in other relict caves. 相似文献
43.
基于RS、GPS和GIS(3S技术)的集成提出了USLE 6大因子的算法,在建立的专题地理信息数据库基础上,运用USLE对深圳市茜坑水库流域的土壤侵蚀强度进行预测和估算.结果表明:整个流域90.5%的区域土壤流失强度为中度以下,强度侵蚀以上的区域虽然仅占整个流域面积的9.5%,但是年土壤侵蚀量达到了整个流域土壤侵蚀量的49.4%.流域土壤侵蚀强度和植被覆盖情况明显相关,茜坑水库流域的东北山区部分是整个流域的严重侵蚀区.研究证明:在3S技术集成支持下,采用USLE对流域的土壤流失强度进行预测和估算的方法具有直观、方便、快捷的优点,成果能充分满足小流域水土保持工作的需要. 相似文献
44.
45.
A macroscopic transport model is developed, following the Taylor shear dispersion analysis procedure, for a 2D laminar shear flow between parallel plates possessing a constant specified concentration. This idealized geometry models flow with contaminant dissolution at pore-scale in a contaminant source zone and flow in a rock fracture with dissolving walls. We upscale a macroscopic transient transport model with effective transport coefficients of mean velocity, macroscopic dispersion, and first-order mass transfer rate. To validate the macroscopic model the mean concentration, covariance, and wall concentration gradient are compared to the results of numerical simulations of the advection–diffusion equation and the Graetz solution. Results indicate that in the presence of local-scale variations and constant concentration boundaries, the upscaled mean velocity and macrodispersion coefficient differ from those of the Taylor–Aris dispersion, and the mass transfer flux described by the first-order mass transfer model is larger than the diffusive mass flux from the constant wall. In addition, the upscaled first-order mass transfer coefficient in the macroscopic model depends only on the plate gap and diffusion coefficient. Therefore, the upscaled first-order mass transfer coefficient is independent of the mean velocity and travel distance, leading to a constant pore-scale Sherwood number of 12. By contrast, the effective Sherwood number determined by the diffusive mass flux is a function of the Peclet number for small Peclet number, and approaches a constant of 10.3 for large Peclet number. 相似文献
46.
Accurate modeling of storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in heterogeneous aquifers requires experiments of the capillary pressure as function of temperature and pressure. We present a method with which static drainage and imbibition capillary pressures can be measured continuously as a function of saturation at various temperature (T) and pressure (P) conditions. The measurements are carried out at (T, P) conditions of practical interest. Static conditions can be assumed as small injection rates are applied. The capillary pressure curves are obtained for the unconsolidated sand–distilled water–CO2 system. The experimental results show a decrease of drainage and imbibition capillary pressure for increasing CO2 pressures and pronounced dissolution rate effects for gaseous CO2. Significant capillary pressure fluctuations and negative values during imbibition are observed at near critical conditions. The measurement procedure is validated by a numerical model that simulates the experiments. 相似文献
47.
48.
质量平衡法——定量恢复新生代青藏高原造山作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
青藏高原的形成演化及其对东亚地形,水文分布,季风起源,全球气候变化,海洋化学组分改变等的影响,一直是全球地质学家关注的热点,然而由于定量研究方法的缺乏,一些关键性的问题一直悬而未决,质量平衡法的提出为解决这一困境提供了新思路,阐述了质量平衡法的原理,并以Metivier等对西藏高原地区,东亚,印度支那和印度板块地区的研究为例,介绍了质量平衡法的应用,同时对存在的问题进行了较为详细的讨论,为进一步研究指明了重点。 相似文献
49.
兴海6.6级地震灾害调查与损失评估 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2000年9月12日青海省兴海县发生6.6级地震,青海省地震局为本次地震进行了地震灾害调查和损失评估。 相似文献
50.
在一个简化的气相化学模式的基础上,比较了Hybrid、QSSA、Sklarew三种计算方案求解非线性化学动力学方程组的差异,并引入误差分配和线性组合两种质量守恒技术,分析它们对模拟结果的影响.研究结果表明:不同方案对有机烃类浓度的计算几乎没有影响,但对其它气态物浓度有一定的影响.用QSSA和Slarew方案预测的结果更为相近,而采用Hybrid方案得到的气态物浓度的平衡时间略为提前.从计算效率来看,QSSA方案优于其它两种方案,两种质量守恒技术均能改善模拟结果. 相似文献