地面点云数据快速重建建筑模型的分层方法

为了快速从地面激光扫描数据重建建筑物模型,避免数据处理中复杂的点云栅格化和面片分割,提出一种基于分层方法的建筑三维模型快速重建方法。利用直方图统计方法去除噪声,结合大多数建筑物自身特点,对点云数据进行分层并垂直投影至各层平均高度的平面,得到建筑物各层的边缘特征点,进而规则化,实现建筑物三维数字模型的快速重建。实验结果表明,方法可以快速提取建筑物边界点,简化传统点云数据在建筑物重建中的复杂过程和大量的数据处理运算,而且最终模型的精度可以得到保证,具有一定的普适性。     

三维激光扫描技术在煤矿沉陷区监测应用

采用三维激光扫描仪与传统观测相结合的方法,获取开采沉陷区精细三维点云数据,在对激光点云数据预处理和数据分析基础上,分别对采空区地表沉降、铁路线沉降、铁路桥沉降与形变监测进行研究,并与传统观测结果进行对比分析,结果表明两者具有较好的一致性。     

三维激光扫描点云混合像素的自动识别方法

混合像素的存在会给点云后续处理与应用带来干扰,针对如何在原始扫描点云中自动识别混合像素的问题,从扫描仪的工作原理着手分析了混合像素的形成条件,结合扫描仪的内部光电转换机制与真实扫描数据论证混合像素的测距误差分布规律,据此设计混合像素的自动探测方法。利用真实原始扫描数据进行实验,结果证明,文中方法能够准确地识别出点云中的混合像素。     

点到平面距离的点云数据压缩方法

针对三维激光扫描点云数据采集过密、冗余信息较多,现有压缩算法存在不足的问题,该文提出了基于点到平面距离的散乱点云压缩算法。将该算法与基于三角形法向量夹角和格网法两种现有算法的压缩结果进行比较,通过对比构建的空间三角网可以发现,该文算法对物体特征复杂的部位有较好的压缩效果,且在压缩率较高时,不会使较平缓的部位出现过度压缩而失真的情况。     

车载全景影像与激光点云融合生成彩色点云方案

针对车载全景影像与激光点云数据融合的研究不足的现状,文章给出了一种适合球面全景影像的车载彩色点云生成方案:由车载POS数据及系统标定参数可获得全景影像的外方位元素,依据影像的采集视角选择激光点最佳的关联影像,然后以球面投影为成像模型获得激光点在影像上的颜色属性值,进而获得彩色点云数据;并对融合的误差进行了讨论与分析。经过融合后的彩色点云几何精度高、目视效果好,使两种数据源的优势得到了有效的结合。实验结果验证了这种方法的可行性和准确性。     

利用车载激光扫描的城市森林三维绿量估算

针对城市森林绿量估算研究不足的现状,该文提出了结合高分辨率航空遥感影像和车载激光扫描技术估算城市森林三维绿量的方法:首先从车载激光扫描数据中提取道路两侧单株树的生物物理参数,再结合从航空遥感影像中提取的植被分布,对均质城市森林片区进行三维绿量的拟合计算;最后以上海市滨江森林公园为例进行了方法验证。结果表明,该方法能够拓展车载激光扫描系统应用的领域,为城市绿化信息的获取提供参考。     

A comparison between analytical aerial photogrammetry,laser scanning,total station and global positioning system surveys for generation of digital terrain model

The present paper compares between four data sources for creating digital terrain models (DTMs), based on analytical aerial photogrammetry, laser scanning, total station (TS) and global positioning system surveys. The case study presents the comparative results obtained using the methods listed above. After obtaining the ground coordinates of points using each method, DTMs were created using Surfer Software to establish comparison consistency. To check accuracy of each method used, a series of 100 independent points were collected at random positions over the case study area using the TS for horizontal position and a digital level for elevation. The comparison of the results of the methods was performed based on accuracy and efficiency aspects. The results have shown that TS and terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) could represent precise, effective and rapid solutions to produce economical and accurate DTMs. Also, using TLSs allow more various possibilities of data representation.     

Airborne laser altimetry survey of Glaciar Tyndall, Patagonia

The first airborne laser altimetry measurements of a glacier in South America are presented. Data were collected in November of 2001 over Glaciar Tyndall, Torres del Paine National Park, Chilean Patagonia, onboard a Twin Otter airplane of the Chilean Air Force. A laser scanner with a rotating polygon-mirror system together with an Inertial Navigation System (INS) were fixed to the floor of the aircraft, and used in combination with two dual-frequency GPS receivers. Together, the laser–INS–GPS system had a nominal accuracy of 30 cm after data processing. On November 23rd, a total of 235 km were flown over the ablation area of Glaciar Tyndall, with 5 longitudinal tracks with a mean swath width of 300 m, which results in a point spacing of approximately 2 m both along and across track. A digital elevation model (DEM) generated using the laser altimetry data was compared with a DEM produced from a 1975 map (1:50,000 scale — Instituto Geográfico Militar (IGM), Chile). A mean thinning of − 3.1 ± 1.0 m a^− 1 was calculated for the ablation area of Glaciar Tyndall, with a maximum value of − 7.7 ± 1.0 m a^− 1 at the calving front at 50 m a.s.l. and minimum values of between − 1.0 and − 2.0 ± 1.0 m a^− 1 at altitudes close to the equilibrium line altitude (900 m a.s.l.). The thinning rates derived from the airborne survey were similar to the results obtained by means of ground survey carried out at  600 m of altitude on Glaciar Tyndall between 1975 and 2002, yielding a mean thinning of − 3.2 m a^− 1 [Raymond, C., Neumann, T.A., Rignot, E., Echelmeyer, K.A., Rivera, A., Casassa, G., 2005. Retreat of Tyndall Glacier, Patagonia, over the last half century. Journal of Glaciology 173 (51), 239–247.]. A good agreement was also found between ice elevation changes measured with laser data and previous results obtained with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. We conclude that airborne laser altimetry is an effective means for accurately detecting glacier elevation changes in Patagonia, where an ice thinning acceleration trend has been observed during recent years, presumably in response to warming and possibly also drier conditions.     

3维矿山安全监测管理系统的建设

在地理信息空间框架基础上叠加3维数据,把平面抽象管理变为立体直观管理,建立集安全监测和生产管理、应急抢险于一体的信息管理系统。系统采用组件式GIS技术、网络通讯技术和3维建模技术,使监测、管理与图形融为一体,为领导决策提供方便直观的统计分析结果。     

工业遗址的数字化扫描技术

以首钢高炉的虚拟展示为例,针对工业遗址的真实感建模和三维虚拟展示问题,提出完整的三维激光扫描技术的工业遗址数字化方案,对工业遗址的保护具有现实意义。