Automated matching of multiple terrestrial laser scans for stem mapping without the use of artificial references

Terrestrial laser scanning has been widely used to analyze the 3D structure of a forest in detail and to generate data at the level of a reference plot for forest inventories without destructive measurements. Multi-scan terrestrial laser scanning is more commonly applied to collect plot-level data so that all of the stems can be detected and analyzed. However, it is necessary to match the point clouds of multiple scans to yield a point cloud with automated processing. Mismatches between datasets will lead to errors during the processing of multi-scan data. Classic registration methods based on flat surfaces cannot be directly applied in forest environments; therefore, artificial reference objects have conventionally been used to assist with scan matching. The use of artificial references requires additional labor and expertise, as well as greatly increasing the cost. In this study, we present an automated processing method for plot-level stem mapping that matches multiple scans without artificial references. In contrast to previous studies, the registration method developed in this study exploits the natural geometric characteristics among a set of tree stems in a plot and combines the point clouds of multiple scans into a unified coordinate system. Integrating multiple scans improves the overall performance of stem mapping in terms of the correctness of tree detection, as well as the bias and the root-mean-square errors of forest attributes such as diameter at breast height and tree height. In addition, the automated processing method makes stem mapping more reliable and consistent among plots, reduces the costs associated with plot-based stem mapping, and enhances the efficiency.     

三维激光点云联合无人机影像的古建筑重建

古建筑保护是当下测绘领域的热点研究课题,非接触测量是克服传统方法数字化不足、容易造成"二次破坏"的有力举措。本文以哈尔滨红霞街99号外侨私邸为例,提出了一种将三维激光扫描技术和无人机航测技术相结合进行古建筑重建的研究方案。基于三维激光扫描仪和无人机获取的古建筑内外点云数据和影像数据,利用点云数据生成正射影像并绘制平、立、剖面图,创建三维模型,最后以实地量取的建筑物尺寸数据为参考分析得出图纸和模型误差。结果表明：利用三维激光点云联合无人机影像能够高效地进行建筑图纸恢复,创建高精度精细化的三维模型,为古建筑保护提供了一种全新的思路。     

目标激光脉冲一维距离成像研究

根据激光雷达方程及粗糙面脉冲波束散射理论,提出了目标激光脉冲后向散射回波功率即激光一维距离像的计算表达式,并获得斜板、球和圆锥一维距离像的具体形式.数值计算结果与粗糙平板和圆锥激光脉冲回波强度实验数据比较,两者符合良好.数据分析表明,激光一维距离像曲线能够较好反映目标的纵向几何外形信息.我们着重讨论了入射激光脉冲宽度与目标径向尺寸对距离像的影响.上述研究可为激光波段的目标特征提取和识别提供理论依据.     

Nonlinear images of scatterers in chirped pulsed laser beams

The bandwidth and the duration of incident pulsed beam are proved to play important roles in modifying the nonlinear image of amplitude-type scatterer. It is found that the initially positive chirp-type bandwidth can suppress the nonlinear image, while the negative one can enhance it, and that both effects are inversely proportional to the incident pulse duration. Numerical simulations further demonstrate that the location of nonlinear image is at the conjugate plane of the scatterer and that, for negatively pre-chirped pulsed beam, the nonlinear image peak intensity can be higher than that in the corresponding monochromatic case under certain conditions. Moreover the effect of group velocity dispersion on nonlinear image is found to be similar to that of chirp-type bandwidth.     

The Relationship between Propagation Time and Sound Velocity Profile for Positioning Seafloor Reference Points

This paper focuses on the relationship between the propagation time and the integral of the sound velocity profile (SVP) with respect to depth (SVP area for short) for positioning seafloor reference points. We proved a linear relationship between the propagation time and the SVP area and defined its mathematical expression (ST law). We showed in three simulations of possible variations in SVPs (random errors, internal waves, or a combination of both) that this ST law is verified. Using this new law in a simulated experiment, the ranging residuals due to sound velocity change through time are significantly improved. With this method, monitoring the SVP while acquiring travel times to a submerged transponder can significantly reduce the positioning errors of the transponder.     

2004年夏季台湾海峡上升流海域悬浮颗粒物粒径谱分析

利用2004年夏季台湾海峡南部海域的现场激光粒度仪剖面测量数据,运用海洋食物链的粒径谱理论,分析了悬浮颗粒物的Sheldon谱图和正态化谱图的剖面分布精细结构。横跨台湾海峡沿岸及浅滩外斜上升流的A和B两断面Sheldon粒径谱类型相近,正态化谱图的斜率r的范围从-0.79到-0.65,在明显高于寡营养海域的水平上波动。斜率r的高值带或高变幅带,在上升流系高叶绿素带及叶绿素最大层的周边或前端的呈斑状分布。海洋食物链的粒径谱分析结果支持关于台湾海峡南部上升流生态系高生产力、短食物链和高营养转换效率的宏观认识,并深化对营养转换效率分布精细结构的了解。现场激光粒度仪可发展为探索海洋食物链时空分布精细结构的常备传感器。     

全站仪自由设站应用于航道控制测量的图形研究

利用全站仪自由设站测边交会确定待定点的坐标,在航道控制测量工作中得到较好的应用。为研究待定点的精度与交会图形之间的关系,在推出全站仪自由设站测边交会精度估算公式的基础上,对其有利图形进行了分析,并通过实例证明:当采用对称交会(β1=β2),且交会角γ>90°时,交会图形最为有利。     

船基激光法波浪测量仪器的研究

介绍了船基激光法波浪测量仪器研制的可行性。船载激光测波是利用舰船作测量平台,在水面上方设置激光测距装置,以一定的频率测量探头与水面的垂直距离,分析所测距离信号的变化规律,可以得出波浪高度、周期等信息,描述出波浪的形态和变化规律。文章提出了测量原理,分析了可能遇到的测量误差,给出了相应的解决措施,得出了研究开发船基激光法波浪测量仪器的可行性结论。     

基于Geomagic的复杂实体三维点云建模研究

研究了在Geomagic环境中通过三维点云数据重建三维实体模型的过程,详细介绍了复杂实体点云数据在Geomagic中点云数据处理的全过程,包括点云匹配、点云预处理、封装形成三角面、在多边形阶段破洞修补以及优化处理,最终生成了NURBS曲面。三维重建过程表明,在Geomagic中重建三维模型不仅效率高、精度高,而且软件易于操作。本文涉及的数据处理方法也可以用于三维激光扫描技术在数字矿山、数字城市中应用。     

格网邻域滤波在车载激光点云道路边线提取中的方法研究

结合城市车载激光扫描点云道路数据与地物点各自的特点和空间分布,用路面点云控制道路两侧地物点云进行滤波,从而实现道路路面点和地物点的分离,并根据城市道路中含有高出路面边缘的路缘石的结构特性设置阈值来提取路缘石,通过设置合适的格网及其邻域格网中点的密度特性进一步滤波路缘石,生成道路边线。