三维激光扫描技术在铁路危岩体监测中的应用

铁路设计施工中,铁路沿线危岩体的情况对铁路线位的走向及施工有着重要的影响,因此,对铁路沿线危岩体的监测,是铁路勘测中相当重要的工作。但山区的危岩体的监测工作难度大,且危险性高,传统测量方法无法完成。三维激光扫描技术出现,以其高效性、高精度、远距离非接触测量等优势弥补了传统危岩体监测方法的缺点。本文探讨了如何应用三维激光扫描技术对铁路沿线的危岩体进行监测分析的方法。     

基于车载激光点云的数学形态学滤波方法改进

针对车载激光点云数据空洞插值误差大及利用多尺度数学形态学滤波方法耗时高的问题,提出一种改进的数学形态学滤波方法,该方法按照点云空间分布形态格网化,以控制开运算方向。腐蚀运算过程中,根据格网腐蚀前后高程的变化情况,更新格网高程,以达到空洞精确填充及各格网均含地面点的目的。利用5组点云数据进行了实验,结果表明:该方法能有效提取地面点,运算效率明显优于多尺度数学形态学滤波方法,具有一定的实用性。     

激光点云的多功能风洞施工量测与分析

针对传统皮尺测绘、全站仪在结构复杂的多功能风洞中存在采集作业难、数据精度低、信息不完整等局限性,提出基于高精度、高密度的点云数据开展对风洞施工量测的研究。通过对点云进行预处理及算法的运用,解决风洞数据获取难、信息不完整瓶颈,实现施工量测数据的有效获取及分析。基于点云预处理数据,可获取风洞的二维线划图、立面图、三维信息模型及统计分析等成果;基于点云数据运用算法,能够快速、准确地对风洞内墙面的平整度提取分析,判断施工是否符合要求,这是传统测绘方法无法获取的,验证该技术方法在多功能风洞测量的优越性和必要性。应用结果表明,地面三维激光扫描技术对该风洞的施工量测及建筑信息提取均优于传统方法,成效明显。     

基于Geomagic的复杂实体三维点云建模研究

研究了在Geomagic环境中通过三维点云数据重建三维实体模型的过程,详细介绍了复杂实体点云数据在Geomagic中点云数据处理的全过程,包括点云匹配、点云预处理、封装形成三角面、在多边形阶段破洞修补以及优化处理,最终生成了NURBS曲面。三维重建过程表明,在Geomagic中重建三维模型不仅效率高、精度高,而且软件易于操作。本文涉及的数据处理方法也可以用于三维激光扫描技术在数字矿山、数字城市中应用。     

球面散射屏远场散斑的若干统计特征

本文采用标量衍射理论导出球面屏衍射的瑞利-索末菲公式及其远场近似。并据此导出球面散射屏远场散斑的若干统计特征。     

Measurement of gaseous HNO3 over the Atlantic Ocean

A latitudinal profile (30° W, from 30° N to 30° S) of mixing ratios of nitric acid and particulate nitrate was determined on the Atlantic Ocean during the Polarstern cruise ANT VII/1 from Bremerhaven, Germany, to Rio Grande, Brazil. The detection of HNO₃ was performed simultaneously by laser-photolysis fragment-fluorescence (LPFF) and by nylon filter packs. The detection limit was about 30 pptv for a signal accumulation time of 1 h for LPFF and about 5 pptv for the filters at a collection time of 4 h. In general, the mixing ratios of HNO₃ in the Northern Hemisphere were found to be significantly higher than those in the Southern Hemisphere. The Atlantic background concentrations frequently varied between 80 pptv and the detection limit. Larger deviations from this trend were found for the more northern latitudes and for episodes like crossings of exhaust plumes from ships or from continental pollutions sources.     

REMOTE SENSING OF RAINFALL PARAMETERS BY LASER SCINTILLATION CORRELATION--EXPERIMENT AND ANALYSIS

Remote sensing of rainfall parameters—rainfall rate and size distribution—by raindrop-induced laserbcam scintillation is a new kind of precipitation measurement technique. This paper presented the primaryfield experiment results based on the theory and numerical simulations by Wu and Lü (1984, 1985) and Lü andWu (1984).Rainfall rate and size distribution were deduced from observations of laser beam scintillation andcompared with those of the filter-paper sampling method. Qualitative analysis of the experiment error wasalso given here. All the work showed that the theory is applicable, and under proper experiment conditions,remote sensing of rainfall parameters by laser scintillation correlation is an advanced and accurate technique.     

Active and laboratory experiments in space plasma physics

This report focuses on active experiments in space as well as laboratory experiments which are directly related to space phenomena. The active experiments involve particle releases in the CRESS and AMPTE missions. Unexpected results such as the motion of the plasma triggered several interesting computer simulations and a laboratory experiment which will be reviewed. Critical Ionization Phenomena will be discussed in this context. A recent release over Arecibo was used to create a plasma lens to focus radiation from the HF heater beam. The higher power triggered several nonlinear processes. Advances in plasma sources and diagnostics have made it possible to scale many laboratory experiments. Discussed here are experiments on Alfvén waves generated by a localized source, 3D magnetic field line reconnection, three dimensional magnetized double layers and simulations of a tethered satellite.     

基于UTM-30LX的旋翼无人机定位检测系统设计

为了确定旋翼无人机的位置信息,设计了一种采用激光雷达UTM-30LX来获取无人机定位信息的检测系统。该系统采用了激光雷达作为机载传感器获取无人机的周围环境数据,并使用了树莓派2代B型开发板来处理相关数据和控制检测系统。系统软件设计方面,采用C语言和MATLAB语言进行数据预处理、坐标投影变换、位移估计和定位。此外,阐述了定位信息检测的原理、检测系统的硬件电路设计方案和系统软件设计方案等。最后的实验数据表明,设计方案能够满足获取无人机位置信息的需求。     

An Innovative Approach to Meteorite Analysis by Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

An innovative approach of double pulse laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP‐LIBS) coupled with optical microscopy was applied to the characterisation and quantitative analysis of the Agoudal iron meteorite in bulk sample and in petrographic thin section. Qualitative analysis identified the elements Ca, Co, Fe, Ga, Li and Ni in the thin section and the whole meteorite. Two different methods, calibration‐free LIBS and one‐point calibration LIBS, were used as complementary methodologies for quantitative LIBS analysis. The elemental composition data obtained by LIBS were in good agreement with the compositional analyses obtained by traditional methods generally applied for the analysis of meteorites, such as ICP‐MS and EDS‐SEM. Besides the recognised advantages of LIBS over traditional techniques, including versatility, minimal destructivity, lack of waste production, low operating costs, rapidity of analysis, availability of transportable or portable systems, etc., additional advantages of this technique in the analysis of meteorites are precision and accuracy, sensitivity to low atomic number elements such as Li and the capacity to detect and quantify Co contents that cannot be obtained by EDS‐SEM.