地面三维激光扫描与RTK相结合建立开采沉陷观测站

三维激光扫描与RTK都是现代测量技术,本文从精度方面分析说明了二者结合建立开采沉陷观测站是可行的;介绍了布站方式、数据采集及处理方法;并与常规观测站进行比较,新观测站具有节省成本、时间,效率高,获取数据量多等优点,且不易有测点的维护和缺失等问题,是一种可供借鉴的的观测方法;最后以实例进行说明此方法的实用性。     

基于三维激光扫描技术的超高压输电线路巡线技术研究

本文将三维激光扫描技术应用于超高压输电线路的检测与维护中。与传统的线路检测与维护方法相比较,三维激光扫描技术提供了一种方便、快捷、高效的三维数据获取手段,在此基础上,方便地计算超高压输电线路维护过程中所需的各项参数,如档距、高差、弧垂、导线的相间距离等。一方面,可以有效地论证输电线路的设计方案是否合理;另一方面,也可以合理确定故障频发地段,为电网的安全稳定运行提供了可靠的技术保障。     

导航卫星自主定轨时轨道机动问题的处理方法

在各种摄动因素的作用下,导航卫星将逐渐偏离其预定轨道,因而需要通过轨道机动的方法来予以纠正。但轨道机动后,由预报轨道所提供的轨道先验信息将失去作用,这是用星间距离观测值和先验轨道信息进行导航卫星自主定轨时必须要解决的问题。提出机动后,机动卫星采用几何法来确定自己的位置,然后用动力学法来进行轨道拟合和轨道预报,在机动后第二天就能恢复正常的自主定轨。即使有多个卫星在同一天发生机动,个别卫星因可观测卫星不足4个而无法定轨,在第二天就能实现几何法定位,不会影响整个系统的导航定位功能。     

ERP精度对“嫦娥一号”差分VLBI定位精度的影响

推导了差分VLBI（ΔDOR）用于月球探测器定位的数学模型,利用嫦娥一号实测数据对探测器的位置和地球自转参数（ERP）同时进行了解算,并分析了ERP先验精度对定位精度的影响。     

利用地面激光扫描数据进行建筑物变化检测

利用地面激光扫描仪具有的数据获取速度快、精度高、实时性强、能全天候工作等优点,在快速获取三维点云的基础上,通过点云自动拼接、Hausdorff距离检测不同时期建筑物的三维模型变化,并改进了检测算法,提高了算法的执行效率。通过拟合平面构建Delaunay三角网求解变化区域的面积来评估灾害对建筑物的破坏程度,从而为灾害应急响应以及保险理赔等提供了可靠的决策依据。     

The influence of alongshore and cross‐shore wave energy flux on large‐ and small‐scale coastal erosion patterns

A strong low‐pressure system traveled along the Japanese main island Honshu in October 2006. High waves and storm surge attacked the Kashima Coast resulting in huge erosion over the area. Airborne laser data measured in October 2005 and November 2006 were analyzed to estimate cross‐sectional changes within the subaerial zone. The results of the alongshore distribution of the changes of cross‐sectional area indicate that the amount of erosion of the 38 km‐long northern and 15 km‐long southern parts decreased toward the south in each part and that the amount of erosion was smaller in protected areas with artificial headlands than in unprotected areas. The local alongshore variation of the erosion and accretion patterns showed wavy fluctuations of several hundreds of meters. The total amounts of the estimated eroded volume of the subaerial zone over the northern and southern parts were 620 000 m³ and 600 000 m³, respectively. The Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model was applied to estimate wave conditions along the coast during the storm. The computational results were verified, and then the alongshore distribution of wave energies, expressed as the alongshore and cross‐shore components of the wave energy flux, was compared with the alongshore distribution of cross‐sectional change. The results show that the distribution of energy flux explains the distribution of erosion well: The alongshore variability in the cross‐shore energy flux is responsible for the large‐scale variability in erosion, and shorter‐scale variability is due to gradients in the alongshore energy fluxes, especially for the areas without coastal works. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大地震的18.6年周期

将全球分为15个研究区,用1900~2009年M_W≥7.0地震目录,统计分析了各区大地震与月球交点运动周期的关系,得出15个研究区中有10个区,大地震存在统计意义上的18.6 a周期:活跃段为12.4 a,平静段为6.2 a;环太平洋地震带北、南、西、东4大区的大地震,不仅有这样的周期,而且其地震活跃段的时间存在一定规律.用第6个18.6 a(1991~2009年)期间的大地震,检验据前5个18.6 a(1900~1990年)地震目录所得18.6 a 周期的稳定性和实用性,发现有这种周期的地区多数的周期性是稳定的.大地震18.6 a周期的可能成因有: (1)18.6 a潮波通过调制日潮和半日潮调制大地震; (2)上地幔内流体的潮汐(地内潮)作用; (3)18.6 a潮波通过影响地球自转变化调制大地震.     

高温熔融研制钾长石玻璃标准物质初探

激光剥蚀多接收等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICPMS)是进行原位微区分析微量元素和同位素的重要技术之一,标准样品与样品之间的基体匹配是解决影响该技术准确分析的基体效应和分馏效应的首选方案。长石(特别是长石微区)的Pb同位素组成是示踪岩石形成和演化历史的重要途径,而LA-MC-ICPMS技术则是进行长石Pb同位素原位微区分析的关键技术,然而目前国内外尚没有合适的长石Pb同位素分析标准。文章研究探讨了利用高温炉进行原位微区分析钾长石中Pb同位素组成所用外部标准物质合成条件,结果表明,常规的74μm(200目)碎样无法得到均一的钾长石玻璃,需要将初始钾长石粉末研磨至1300目以下;高温炉合成温度为1680℃;熔融时间为2 h;采用液氮方式淬火。制成的钾长石玻璃除表面具有轻微的不均一性外,内部的Pb同位素比值为1.90779±0.00009(208Pb/206Pb,2s),0.75899±0.00004(207Pb/206Pb,2s),20.909±0.002(206Pb/204Pb,2s),15.871±0.002(207 Pb/204 Pb,2s)和39.888±0.005(208 Pb/204 Pb,2s),相应的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.007%、0.008%、0.016%、0.016%和0.021%。表明利用本研究方法合成的钾长石玻璃可作为潜在的钾长石中Pb同位素组成原位微区分析外部校准物质。     

基于新测年资料的蓟县运动和燕山早期运动表现探讨:以深圳西部地区及东部大鹏半岛国家地质公园地区为例

近3年来在深圳西部及东部大鹏半岛国家地质公园等地,笔者等参加了地质路线调查研究和取样工作,先后采集了20组岩石同位素定年样品,采用新方法锆石U-Pb定年激光测试法测试,其中获得7个数据集中在1 007～897 Ma,首次发现中-新元古代蓟县纪-青白口纪,并基本可以证实蓟县运动(1 400～1 000 Ma)的存在;对中...     

In Situ Determination of First‐Row Transition Metal,Ga and Ge Abundances in Geological Materials via Medium‐Resolution LA‐ICP‐MS

An in situ, medium‐resolution LA‐ICP‐MS method was developed to measure the abundances of the first‐row transition metals, Ga and Ge in a suite of geological materials, namely the MPI‐DING reference glasses. The analytical protocol established here hinged on maximising the ablation rate of the ultraviolet (UV) laser system and the sensitivity of the ICP‐MS, as well minimising the production of diatomic oxides and argides, which serve as the dominant sources of isobaric interferences. Non‐spectral matrix effects were accounted for by using multiple external calibrators, including NIST SRM 610 and the USGS basaltic glasses BHVO‐2G, BIR‐1G and BCR‐2G, and utilising ⁴³Ca as an internal standard. Analyses of the MPI‐DING reference glasses, which represent geological matrices ranging from basaltic to rhyolitic in composition, included measurements of concentrations as low as < 10⁰ μg g^?1 and as high as > 10⁴ μg g^?1. The new data reported here were found to statistically correlate with the ‘preferred’ reference values for these materials at the 95% confidence level, though with significantly better precision, typically on the order of ≤ 3% (2s_m). This analytical method may be extended to any matrix‐matched geological sample, particularly oceanic basalts, silicate minerals and meteoritic materials.