基于GPS技术的大型结构建筑物动态监测

在回顾传统的结构物震动和位移测量方法的基础上，详细阐述了采用GPS进行大型建筑物动态监测的原理、方法。介绍国内外典型的动态监测实例，提出了监测数据的管理与可视化方案，对未来大型结构建筑物动态监测的技术进行了展望。     

新疆哈密地区地震地质及地震活动性

通过对哈密地区几大活动断裂带、历史地震以及近30年中、小地震活动性的分析，认为哈密地区同时受到南部印度－欧亚板块的碰撞作用与北部西伯利亚－蒙古地区地壳运动的影响，其构造运动兼具西部天山地区和北部蒙古－阿尔泰地区的构造运动的特点，即块体比较完整，只发育大断裂，大断裂之间的中、小断裂不很发育。这种特殊的地震地质和地球动力学环境，决定了哈密地区历史和现今地震活动的特点为：大震复发周期长，低b值，中、小地震活动水平较低等。     

中国大陆部分大震前Hurst指数异常变化特征

对中国大陆1970年以来12组7级以上地震进行了前后10年左右地震时间间隔序列的R／S分析，滑动计算其Hurst指数H值。H值的时间进程显示，9组大震前2年左右H值在较为稳定的背景上开始出现异常变化，其异常特征为“下降－低值－回升”，地震大多发生在H值回升的过程中，具有中、短期前兆意义。H值的异常过程揭示了在大震孕震系统内地震活动从无序向有序的时间演化过程。     

粤东嵩溪银锑矿床成矿构造及矿化富集规律浅析

论述了嵩溪银锑矿床的地质特征、矿脉形态特征及组构特征，通过分析得出矿床成矿断裂的产生有四个阶段，其中银、锑矿化主要与第二、三阶段有关。     

Phosphorus oxynitride PON, a silica analogue: structure and compression of the cristobalite-like phase; P –T phase diagram

 The structure of the cristobalite-like polymorph of phosphorus oxynitride PON has been refined using neutron powder diffraction data. It is tetragonal, space group I&4macr;2d, Z=4. The four P–(O,N) distances are equal but the tetrahedron is compressed along c. In AX₂ or ABX₄ compounds, the tetragonal I&4macr;2d or I&4macr; structure is obtained when the average ratio of the cation to anion radius is below 1.186, whereas the tetragonal P4₁2₁2 or orthorhombic C222₁ structure is obtained at low temperatures for larger ratios. The cell parameters of this PON polymorph have been determined as a function of hydrostatic pressure by in situ angle dispersive X-ray powder diffraction in a diamond-anvil cell. Under truly hydrostatic pressure, a strong anisotropic behavior is observed with the c parameter being nearly incompressible. Very slight anisotropic stress strongly modifies the high-pressure behavior. According to the pressure-temperature conditions of treatment, three phases, cristobalite-, moganite-, and quartz-like, have been obtained by quenching experiments, and the P–T phase diagram of PON was derived. The high-pressure behavior of the α-quartz, moganite, and cristobalite-like polymorphs of PON and SiO₂ is discussed. Received: 7 August 2000 / Accepted: 21 January 2001     

Impacts of the Kuwait Oil Fires on the Mount Qomolangma Region

Mt. Qomolangma (also known as Mt. Everest), the world’s highest mountain, is situated over the world’s highest plateau, the Tibetan Plateau. Because of its height and because of its distance from industrialized areas, the environmental state of the Mt. Qomolangma region can normally be considered “undisturbed”. It is interesting to investigate how this “undisturbed” state has been changing with time and whether it has been influenced by large environmentally disruptive events such as the Kuwait oil fires of 1990 and 1991 (Small, 1991). In order to do this, riv-er water samples were collected from the Rongpu River at Rongpu Temple Station in the summers of 1992 and 1993, as was done in 1975, and aerosol samples were collected in the summer of 1992 at the same station as was done in 1980. River water samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Aerosol samples were analyzed using proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) at the University of Fudan in Shanghai. The results show that the concentrations of chemical species in the river water at Rongpu Temple Station were much higher in the summer of 1992 than they were in 1975 and 1993, and the concentrations of atmospheric chemical species were much higher in 1992 than they were in 1980. The environment of the north slope of Mt. Qomolangma was therefore heavily polluted before and/or during the summer of 1992, possibly due to the Kuwait oil fires in 1990 and 1991.     

巴士系构造的地震危险性

在北东东向分布的华南地震带内,从巴士海峡到闽粤赣三省交界有呈北西向分布的地震密集带。它与北西向分布的巴士系断裂构造相一致。此组构造与华南地区其他北西向构造的重要区别在于,它起自菲律宾海板块的边缘,其动力主要来自该板块向欧亚板块不均匀的推挤作用。巴士系构造是华南地区新构造活动性最强的构造,沿着此组断裂曾有过大量强烈的地震活(?),包括6级、7级和8级地震。在未来10年内,此带的强震活动有逼近粤东、闽南沿海地区的趋势。     

Statistical analysis of seismic data from north-western and western Argentina

Due to the process of subduction of the Nazca Plate, high seismic activity is observed near the Argentine Andean range between 21°S and 36°S. The new version of the Argentine Seismic Catalogue, which includes well-defined events during the period 1964–1989, allows us to perform an analysis of seismic risk.Earthquakes with epicenters in the provinces included in the north-western and western regions were studied using Gumbel III extreme value distribution. Modal extreme magnitudes and return periods were calculated for both regions and the results were compard with the ones obtained through the entire process techniques (both analytical and graphical).As a first study, we analyzed each province separately, after which mean values for each region were obtained. Modal values around 5–5.5 have been found and times of recurrence for events withm _b >6 of approximately 25 years were obtained.Also at CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas).     

ENCORE钻孔导斜系统

ENCORE钻孔导斜系统由设计先进的MOLE型固定楔、MULE型活楔、RATTY型扩孔导向矛和DOLPHIN型定向仪组成。可在40－96mm钻孔中进行定向钻进，解决钻孔纠斜或分支孔钻进问题。在分析研究其、工作原理和操作方法基础上进行对比分析，指出优点并介绍了使用效果。     

On the stability of a coupled ocean atmosphere system in the presence of wave-CISK

The stability of a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere system similar to the one studied by Hirst with general ocean thermodynamics is investigated in which the atmospheric heating is determined by sea surface temperature anomalies as well as the convergence feedback (low level moisture convergence by the waves themselves). It is shown that the unstable coupled mode found by Hirst (UH mode) is profoundly modified by the convergence feedback. The feedback increases the unstable range of the UH mode and can increase its growth rate several folds. The maximally growing UH mode can become westward propagating for certain strength of convergence feedback. If the convergence feedback strength exceeds a critical value, several new unstable intraseasonal modes are also introduced. These modes are basically ‘advective’ modes. For relatively weak strengths of the convergence feedback the growth rates of these modes are smaller than that of the UH mode. As the atmosphere approaches ‘moist neutral’ state, the growth rates of these modes could become comparable or even larger than that of the UH mode. It is argued that these results explain why the El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal is clear in the eastern Pacific but not so in the western Pacific and they may also explain some of the differences between individual ENSO events. Our results also explain the aperiodic behaviour of some coupled numerical models. Importance of this process in explaining the observed aperiodicity of the ENSO phenomenon is indicated.