GPS广播星历参数拟合算法及其分析

利用地面观测资料定轨确定的卫星位置、进而计算出的卫星广播星历参数是进行卫星定位的基础。为了分析卫星星历拟合的精度和效率,推导了由卫星位置拟合GPS卫星广播星历参数的数学模型。并用算例分析了影响拟合效率的因素,分析了卫星位置有误差是对于卫星星历参数的影响。结果验证了所给出的算法的可行性和有效性。     

引潮力引起的地球引力场时空变化的理论研究

地球重力场的时空结构与分布特性无论在基础理论研究,还是在地理空间信息建设中都具有重要的意义。地球表面上的观测仪器检测到的只是某一个质点的重力变化(拉格朗日变化),但是理论研究却是基于欧拉引力和引力位场方程进行的。本文基于连续介质力学的基本理论,在改正了文献[5]的一处原则性错误之后,推导出了引力和引力位的Lagrange和Euler增量表达式。本文工作对于高精度地球重力场的时空变化的理论研究具有参考价值。     

基于RS和GIS的临武县矿山地质环境调查评价

本文通过遥感解译和实地核查,查明了临武县主要的矿山地质环境问题,并对矿山地质环境问题和地质环境背景条件进行分析研究,建立矿山地质环境综合评价指标体系,应用"专家打分-层次分析法"确定评价指标权重,根据相关规范确定评价指标等级,建立评价模型。基于ArcGIS平台,对各指标进行信息提取、赋值和叠加运算,再根据综合评价分级标准,得到矿山地质环境综合评价分区图。评价结果与实际调查情况相符,说明建立的评价指标体系较合理。研究成果对临武县矿山地质环境保护与生态文明建设具有重要的参考意义。     

基于高分影像的松嫩低平原地区生态环境问题解析——以黑龙江省肇源县为例

基于高分辨率卫星影像数据,利用遥感、GIS技术获取黑龙江省肇源县内自然资源与生态地质环境各因子分布现状数据,其中：耕地2 541.75 km²、林地161.88 km²、草地349.00 km²、河流128.05 km²、湖泊215.80 km²、沼泽109.17 km²、其他水域84.65 km²、建设用地191.25 km²、未利用地329.94 km²;湿地1 334.54 km²、荒漠化土地775.47 km²。利用地类覆盖率、人均占有量以及景观指数（破碎度指数、平均斑块分形指数、分形维数、多样性指数、均匀度指数）量化分析后,得出两类生态地质环境因子中湿地资源尤其是自然湿地受人类活动干扰程度较大、荒漠化土地受人类活动干扰程度较小的结论。并选取老山村等典型地区进行了多期次遥感动态监测及野外核查,揭示了松嫩低平原典型地区目前存在的湿地退化、土地荒漠化等生态地质环境问题。     

与花岗岩有关锡矿成岩成矿作用研究若干问题讨论

文章基于近年来大量典型锡矿床和成矿区带成岩成矿作用及高温高压实验研究成果,对锡矿成矿年代学、成矿花岗岩类型、物质来源、源区物质的熔融条件及锡在岩浆中的存在形式、熔体-流体相间分配行为及热液流体中的存在形式等方面的研究进展及存在问题进行了系统综述,指出:①锡石原位U-Pb测年已成为直接测定锡成矿年龄的有效手段,近年来发展起来的多种矿石矿物U-Pb测年方法与传统蚀变矿物测年方法的结合,将为研究锡多金属矿床多期次成矿作用叠加、矿集区内不同类型矿床成因联系及区域矿床组合模型的建立提供关键的年代学依据;②锡的富集成矿不仅与花岗质岩浆的高程度的结晶分异密切相关,而且受源区组成及部分熔融条件的制约;③全球锡多金属矿床的不均匀分布、与准铝质花岗岩有关锡矿的富集成矿机制以及各类复杂的锡-钨-铜-钼-铅-锌银多金属矿种组合差异及其金属元素富集机制亟待查明;④已有的关于锡在花岗质熔体、热液流体相中的存在形式及两相间的分配行为的高温高压实验结果受锡与贵金属容器间合金效应的影响,人工合成流体包裹体等新的实验方法的开发及XAS同步辐射和激光拉曼等原位分析技术的应用,将为研究花岗岩浆-热液过程锡的迁移、富集及沉淀成矿机制提供更为直接、可靠的实验依据。     

A Discrete Wavenumber Boundary Element Method for study of the 3-D response 2-D scatterers

A mathematical formulation of the 2·5D elastodynamic scattering problem is presented and validated. The formulation is a straightforward extension of the Discrete Wave number Boundary Integral Equation Method (DWBIEM) originally proposed by Kawase¹ for 2D scattering problems and subsequently extended to the 3D problem by Kim and Papageorgiou.² It is demonstrated that the Green's function which is appropriate for a boundary formulation of the 2·5D elastodynamic scattering problem is the one corresponding to a unit force moving on a straight line with constant velocity. Such a Green's function is derived in the present study. The formulation may be used to study the wavefields in models of sedimentary deposits (e.g. valleys) or topography (e.g. canyons or ridges) with a 2D variation in structure but obliquely incident plane waves. The advantage of a 2·5D formulation is that it provides the means for calculations of 3D wavefields in scattering problems by requiring a storage comparable to that of the corresponding 2D calculations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Groundwater contaminant source identification based on iterative local update ensemble smoother

Identification of the location and intensity of groundwater pollution source contributes to the effect of pollution remediation, and is called groundwater contaminant source identifcation. This is a kind of typical groundwater inverse problem, and the solution is usually ill-posed. Especially considering the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity field, the identification process is more challenging. In this paper, the solution framework of groundwater contaminant source identification is composed with groundwater pollutant transport model (MT3DMS) and a data assimilation method (Iterative local update ensemble smoother, ILUES). In addition, Karhunen-Loève expansion technique is adopted as a PCA method to realize dimension reduction. In practical problems, the geostatistical method is usually used to characterize the hydraulic conductivity feld, and only the contaminant source information is inversely calculated in the identifcation process. In this study, the identification of contaminant source information under Kriging K-field is compared with simultaneous identification of source information and K-field. The results indicate that it is necessary to carry out simultaneous identification under heterogeneous site, and ILUES has good performance in solving high-dimensional parameter inversion problems.     

一维连续导电剖面的反演问题

基于Schlumberger装置测得的视电阻率,在Coen理论的基础上对一维连续直流导电剖面的反演问题进行研究。分别给出了导电剖面是常函数、线性函数、幂函数、指数函数、分段函数情况下的精确数据和噪音数据反演结果。利用一个野外场地反演的例子,把利用该方法进行反演得到的连续模型和Inman得到的层状模型进行了相应的比较,发现该方法在处理实际场地数据也是有效的。     

Elastoplastic deformation around underground openings under biaxial initial stress field

Estimation of elastoplastic deformation around an underground opening induced by the excavation of it, especially displacement and strain field in plastic region, is presented in this paper, as well as the formulation for calculating the displacement and strain in the plastic region around the underground opening by the coupled Boundary Element Method - Characteristics Method (BEM-CM). In this method, the non-associated flow rule is adopted to calculate the displacement and strain field in the plastic region, which is determined by the integration of the displacement along characteristics lines under the boundary condition of the elastic displacement on an elastoplastic interface analysed. It is shown that this method is one of the accurate and effective methods for estimating not only the shape and extent of the plastic region but also the state of the displacement and strain in the plastic region around the underground opening, comparing the theoretical solution with numerical results by this method for a circular opening under hydrostatic initial stress condition. Furthermore, this method is applied to rectangular and horse-shoe shaped openings and the characteristics of the strain field in the plastic region are discussed. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating free parameters in 2D inversion: example of gravity inversion in a rifted basement

We advance a principle directed to assigning numerical values to free parameters usually present in inversion methods. It may be formulated as: ‘Optimum estimates of free parameters in an inversion procedure must lead, in tests using synthetic data, to solutions whose geometrical expression reflects the main qualitative or semiquantitative geological characteristic of the study area.’ To this end, the interpreter should (i) specify a typical anomalous source geometry which incorporates the most relevant geological information for the study area, (ii) compute the corresponding gravity anomaly and (iii) invert the anomaly for the source geometry finding the numerical values of the free parameters that lead to a solution closest to the typical source. Application of the above methodology to synthetic and real data from the basement relief of a rift basin has asserted its efficacy.