小波变换与F-K联合滤波在面波分离中的应用

作为一种时频分解方法,小波变换有着广泛的用途,而且与传统Fourier变换相比,它能刻画出具有相同频率的有效波与面波在时间—空间域的分布,但是仅靠小波变换分离面波,效果十分有限,可使用小波变换与F-K滤波方法联合对面波进行分离,具体做法是：用小波变换对地震波场进行多分辨率分析,对面波产生的区域进行F-K滤波,从中提取有效信号,再与其他信号一起进行重构,即可得到分离面波后的地震波场。通过实际资料的处理结果表明：该法在在分离面波方面具有良好的效果。     

Fast ensemble smoothing

Smoothing is essential to many oceanographic, meteorological, and hydrological applications. There are two predominant classes of smoothing problems. The first is fixed-interval smoothing, where the objective is to estimate model states within a time interval using all available observations in the interval. The second is fixed-lag smoothing, where the objective is to sequentially estimate model states over a fixed or indefinitely growing interval by restricting the influence of observations within a fixed window of time ahead of the evolving estimation time. In this paper, we use an ensemble-based approach to fixed-interval and fixed-lag smoothing, and synthesize two algorithms. The first algorithm is a fixed-interval smoother whose computation time is linear in the interval. The second algorithm is a fixed-lag smoother whose computation time is independent of the lag length. The complexity of these algorithms is presented, shown to improve upon existing implementations and verified with identical-twin experiments conducted with the Lorenz-95 system. Results suggest that ensemble methods yield efficient fixed-interval and fixed-lag smoothing solutions in the sense that the additional increment for smoothing is a small fraction of either filtering or model propagation costs in a practical ensemble application. We also show that fixed-interval smoothing can perform as fast as fixed-lag smoothing, and it may not be necessary to use a fixed-lag approximation for computational savings alone.     

重磁弱异常评价与提取技术

本文阐述了重磁弱异常概念,提出了当代采集方式下重磁弱异常可信度的判断标准,并提出针对重磁弱异常的处理新技术,该技术由消除干扰处理技术和弱异常提取技术组成,实际应用效果显著。随着地质勘探向精细方向发展,重磁弱异常将得到更加广泛的关注。     

S变换时频滤波与其它滤波方法的比较

在提高信噪比时通常根据信号和噪音的差异选取不同的滤波方法。由于地震记录的复杂性,有时有效波与干扰波在视速度或频率上没有明显差异,为此本文提出一种利用S变换时频滤波的方法,并比较了该方法相对其它滤波方法在时频滤波方面的优势。     

Z-trend maps for quick recognition of geologic patterns

Z-trend maps are a simplified lineprinter version of spatially filtered maps designed to give a quick visual appraisal of trends. The printout shows a yes-no configuration by a printed character or a blank so that the map has a conspicuous pattern. This pattern reflects the presence, position, and trend of the desired features. If a reasonable symbol density ratio is used the results can be visually pleasing thus enhancing trend recognition. Z-trending can be adapted to any map with stationary properties but is most easily applied to data that have been filtered with a bandpass operator.     

高频时域电磁场模拟

根据不同时域电磁场的频率特性,从频率域到时间域的转换一般有二种方法,即线性滤波算法(余弦变换)和快速傅氏变换(FFT)。利用高密度采样的线性滤波算法计算余弦变换,对层状介质的甚早期瞬变电磁进行模拟,并与均匀半空间的闭合解析式结果进行对比,证明了该方法的有效性。另外,从层状介质的高频电磁场响应出发,利用FFT算法,有效地模拟了不同频率和地电参数的GPR射线,以及层状介质的剖面图。甚早期瞬变电磁和低频GPR的频率,都跨越了传统电磁法中所忽略的中间频率。这里的主要目的就是通过对比选择有效的模拟方法,利用模拟结果来分析该频段时域电磁场的特征。     

岩土力学参数空间变异性的集合卡尔曼滤波佶值

岩土参数具有结构性和随机性的空间变异特征，该特征导致岩土参数具有不确定性。以地质统计学作为岩土参数空间变异性分析的理论基础，将分布于研究区的岩土参数视为区域化变量，变异函数既描述了岩土参数整体的空间结构性变化，又描述了其局部的随机性变化，用变异函数理论模型作为描述岩土参数空间变异规律的数学模型。引入集合卡尔曼滤波（EnKF）分析方法，利用时空分布的观测数据，对岩土参数空间变异性进行估值。数值算例表明，EnKF能够有效地融合观测数据，较好地提供岩土参数空间变异性的估值。     

两种渐消滤波与自适应抗差滤波的综合比较分析(英文)

Two kinds of fading filters and their principles are introduced. An adaptive robust filter is given with corresponding principle. The basic abilities of the fading filters and adaptively robust filter in controlling the in- fluences of the kinematic model errors are analyzed. A practical example is given. The results of the fading filter and adaptively robust filter are compared and analyzed.     

UKF在惯性/重力组合导航中的应用

将UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)方法用于惯性/重力组合导航系统。UKF方法设计了少量的呈高斯分布的σ点,在每个更新过程中,σ点随着非线性状态方程和测量方程传播,从而获得滤波值及较高的计算精度,而且避免了对非线性方程的线性化过程。仿真结果表明:UKF方法比传统卡尔曼滤波及其改进的滤波模型都有更高的估计精度,并能有效的克服非线性严重时出现的滤波发散问题。     

Radiometric correction of hemispherical images

Light scattering in fore-optics of imaging radiometric instruments degrades images, the signal of dark pixels is enhanced and that of bright pixels is reduced. A procedure of restoring hemispherical images obtained with a hemispheric view CCD-radiometer is suggested. The circular hemispheric image is projected onto the sphere and Wiener filtering on the sphere is performed. For building the Wiener filter the point spread function of the instrument was measured in the laboratory, and test images of (partially) controlled radiance were measured. The procedure is applied for the correction of hemispherical radiometric images taken under forest canopy. In non-corrected near infrared images the signal of sky pixels in forest canopy gaps near zenith is enhanced 1.4–2.0 times. The applied correction reduces this error to the level of 1.1–1.2. In the red channel these figures are 0.8–0.9 and 0.97–0.99, respectively.