行星环动力学

行星环动力学的研究对揭示太阳系，星系的形成和演化有重要的意义，旅行者２号的行星际探测，极大地丰富的我们对行星环的认识，给行星环动力学的研究带来了活力，文中综合在行星轴对称势，环自引力势，环粒子磁撞，卫星摄动等因素影响了行星环的研究方法法及研究进展。     

Lunisolar Resonances Revisited

Lunisolar resonances arise in the artificial satellite problem without short-periodic terms. The basic model including the Earth's J ₂and a Hill-type model for the Sun or the Moon admits 20 different periodic terms which may lead to a resonance involving the satellite's perigee, node and the longitude of the perturbing body. Some of the resonances have been studied separately since 1960s. The present paper reviews all single resonances, attaching an appropriate fundamental model to each case. Only a part of resonances match known fundamental models. An extended fundamental model is proposed to account for some complicated phenomena. Most of the double resonance cases still remain unexplored.     

Impact-generated dust clouds around planetary satellites: model versus Galileo data

This paper focuses on tenuous dust clouds of Jupiter's Galilean moons Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. In a companion paper (Srem?evi? et al., Planet. Space Sci. 51 (2003) 455-471) an analytical model of impact-generated ejecta dust clouds surrounding planetary satellites has been developed. The main aim of the model is to predict the asymmetries in the dust clouds which may arise from the orbital motion of the parent body through a field of impactors. The Galileo dust detector data from flybys at Europa, Ganymede and Callisto are compatible with the model, assuming projectiles to be interplanetary micrometeoroids. The analysis of the data suggests that two interplanetary impactor populations are most likely the source of the measured dust clouds: impactors with isotropically distributed velocities and micrometeoroids in retrograde orbits. Other impactor populations, namely those originating in the Jovian system, or interplanetary projectiles with low orbital eccentricities and inclinations, or interstellar stream particles, can be ruled out by the statistical analysis of the data. The data analysis also suggests that the mean ejecta velocity angle to the normal at the satellite surface is around 30°, which is in agreement with laboratory studies of the hypervelocity impacts.     

IO and Its Plasma Torus

A brief review of our courrent understanding of the interaction between the innermost Galilean satellite,Io,and Jupiter's magnetosphere is presented.Particular consideration is given to the neutral clouds and lo plasma torus which have been monitored by ground-based and Earth-orbiting observations for the past 25 years.Detailed investigation of observed phenomena in the neutral clouds has revealed several processes which have a direct bearing on the nature of the interaction and suggest that a revision of the existing concept is necessary.Similarly.observed variability in the torus indicates the presence of complex plasma processes which at present remain unexplained.Areas where further research is necessary are outlined.     

Review of planetary and satellite theories

Planetary and satellite theories have been historically and are presently intimately related to the available computing capabilities, the accuracy of observational data, and the requirements of the astronomical community. Thus, the development of computers made it possible to replace planetary and lunar general theories with numerical integrations, or special perturbation methods. In turn, the availability of inexpensive small computers and high-speed computers with inexpensive memory stimulated the requirement to change from numerical integration back to general theories, or representative ephemerides, where the ephemerides could be calculated for a given date rather than using a table look-up process. In parallel with this progression, the observational accuracy has improved such that general theories cannot presently achieve the accuracy of the observations, and, in turn, it appears that in some cases the models and methods of numerical integration also need to be improved for the accuracies of the observations. Planetary and lunar theories were originally developed to be able to predict phenomena, and provide what are now considered low accuracy ephemerides of the bodies. This proceeded to the requirement for high accuracy ephemerides, and the progression of accuracy improvement has led to the discoveries of the variable rotation of the Earth, several planets, and a satellite. By means of mapping techniques, it is now possible to integrate a model of the motion of the entire solar system back for the history of the solar system. The challenges for the future are: Can general planetary and lunar theories with an acceptable number of terms achieve the accuracies of observations? How can numerical integrations more accurately represent the true motions of the solar system? Can regularly available observations be improved in accuracy? What are the meanings and interpretations of stability and chaos with respect to the motions of the bodies of our solar system? There has been a parallel progress and development of problems in dealing with the motions of artificial satellites. The large number of bodies of various sizes in the limited space around the Earth, subject to the additional forces of drag, radiation pressure, and Earth zonal and tesseral forces, require more accurate theories, improved observational accuracies, and improved prediction capabilities, so that potential collisions may be avoided. This must be accomplished by efficient use of computer capabilities.     

我国发射射电卫星的作用及关键技术研究

论述了我国发射射电卫星对于天文学和射电天文方法的发展、我国月球及深空探测计划、大地测量和天文地球动力学的研究和发展等方面的意义;根据VLBI卫星的技术和应用特点,分析了射电望远镜及相关设施的技术要求和指标,比较全面地分析和总结了VLBI卫星及相关设施的关键技术和方法。     

虚拟战场环境中三维非规则军标技术研究

采用贝塞尔曲线插值的方法实现了非规则军标的绘制,并结合虚拟三维战场环境特点,通过Overlay技术和颜色融合技术设计并实现了遮盖式和挤出式两种配置方式,为在三维虚拟战场环境中表现非规则军标提供有效的配置方法。实验结果证明,采用本文生成和配置技术生成非规则军标速度快,能很好地满足军事应用需求。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE VORTICES IN EAST CHINA AND THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION

Data from high-resolution satellites were used to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) in central and east China and the western Pacific Ocean region. The monthly variation in MCVs was significant. From May to October, MCVs were clearly affected by large-scale environmental conditions, including the South Asian summer monsoon, subtropical high and solar radiation, which resulted in clear changes in MCV spatial distributions from strengthening and weakening processes. Based on the analysis of diurnal MCV variations and the precipitation rate from May to October, MCVs were found to occur more frequently over the ocean than over land. MCVs near the Sea of Japan and northern South China Sea occurred during all types of weather. Ocean occurrences near land, such as the Ryukyu Islands, were categorized as morning-active MCVs. The hilly regions of southeastern China and North China Plain were characterized by afternoon-active MCVs. Limited to topography and the urban heat island effect, the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area had evening-active MCVs, while Changbai Mountain had nocturnal MCVs.