Zn2+浓度对固氮鱼腥藻(Anabaena azotica Ley)光能转化特性的影响

本实验对在不同Zn^2 浓度条件下培养的固氮鱼腥藻（Anabaena azotica Ley）的生长、光合放氧速率和叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm进行了测定。结果表明,当Zn^2 浓度为1.0μmol/L时,其比生长速率（Specifie growth rate）最大,光合放氧速率和Fv/Fm值最高,当Zn^2 浓度大于等于5.0μmol/L是会抑制A.azotica Ley的生长和光合作用,对在0μmol/L和5.0μmol/L Zn^2 发生反应的藻蓝蛋白溶液的可见光吸收光谱的分析,发现前者624nm处藻胆体的吸收峰和后者620nm处藻蓝蛋白的吸收峰都因Zn^2 的作用而下降,推测藻蓝蛋白为Zn^2 影响光合作用的位点之一,碳酸酐酶活性的测定表明Zn^2 的浓度水平会影响其活性大小,推测是Zn^2 影响光合作用的另一途径。     

大功率高频电波加热电离层中参量衰减不稳定性研究(2):EISCAT实验观测

本文利用欧洲非相干散射雷达协会(European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association,EISCAT)的两次加热实验诊断数据,基于我们在文章(1)中建立的数值模型,定量分析了实验过程中出现参量衰减不稳定性(Parametric decay instability,PDI)的物理过程.分析结果如下:(1)通过对两次加热实验数据的分析,均观测到了增强的等离子体谱线(HFPLs)和离子声波谱线(HFILs),谱线的频率和加热电波频率满足频率匹配条件,表明电离层加热过程中参量衰减不稳定性的激发.(2)通过对加热电波反射区电子密度和离子密度模拟数据的谱分析,可以清晰发现与实验结果相符的朗缪尔波和离子声波.实验1观测到的离子声波谱线频率为8.8 kHz,而模拟得到的离子声波在5～6 kHz,实验2观测到的离子声波谱线为7.1 kHz,而模拟得到的离子声波频率在5.5～6 kHz,模拟结果与实验观测比较一致.(3)实验观测和模拟结果均表明,在参量衰减不稳定性激发过程中,加热电波频率(f_h)与等离子谱线频率和离子声波谱线频率(f_(ia))并不是简单匹配,实验1观测到的等离子体谱线频率为f_h-3f_(ia),实验2观测到的等离子体谱线增强频率为f_h—f_(ia)和f_h—3f_(ia).这一结果表明在加热过程中出现了多次参量衰减的现象,从而为朗缪尔湍流的激发提供了条件.     

花岗岩水岩反应中水化学变化实验研究

大量震例表明地震前后可以观测到地下水成分的变化。 本文通过差应力下花岗岩与水反应实验模拟研究花岗岩含水层在应力积累至破裂过程中水化学组分的变化, 并探讨了地震水化异常的形成机理。 实验结果表明, 随着差应力及其加载时间的增加, 溶液中不同离子浓度均呈现不同程度的增加, 其中Na⁺、 K⁺和Cl^-的浓度变化最明显。 随着差应力的增加, 三种离子浓度分别增加到3.3、 2.5和11.6倍。 随着加载时间的增加, 三种离子浓度分别增加到3.2、 3.1和12.5倍。 这种变化可能主要与花岗岩中矿物的溶解有关, Na⁺、 K⁺和Cl^-可作为花岗岩含水层地震水化前兆监测的灵敏组分。     

Experimental and parametric investigation of effects of built-in staircases on the dynamics of RC buildings

Past earthquakes, in many instances, have demonstrated poor performance of commonly used built-in staircase configurations. Codal provisions in India pertaining to staircases present a rather simple approach wherein the effects of built-in staircases on the overall dynamic properties or on the local behavior of structures are not addressed explicitly. Studies in the past have highlighted the scale of such effects, but most of them have relied completely on analytical models of buildings. This study analyzes the adequacy of the codal provisions by investigating two finite element (FE) models calibrated using ambient and forced vibration measurements. The effects of variations in building height, layout of staircase in plan, and presence of masonry infill walls in stairwells are also examined. The codal guidelines regarding empirical estimation of period and provision of enclosure walls around built-in staircases are found to be adequate. However, for the case of built-in staircases without enclosure walls, the force and displacement demands on landing beams are found to be considerably high. Drift-based approaches to estimate these demands are proposed.     

New perspectives on radium behavior within a subterranean estuary

Over the past decade, radium isotopes have been frequently applied as tracers of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). The unique radium signature of SGD is acquired within the subterranean estuary, a mixing zone between fresh groundwater and seawater in coastal aquifers, yet little is known about what controls Ra cycling in this system. The focus of this study was to examine controls on sediment and groundwater radium activities within permeable aquifer sands (Waquoit Bay, MA, USA) through a combination of field and laboratory studies. In the field, a series of sediment cores and corresponding groundwater profiles were collected for analysis of the four radium isotopes, as well as dissolved and sediment associated manganese, iron, and barium. We found that in addition to greater desorption at increasing salinity, radium was also closely tied to manganese and iron redox cycling within these sediments. A series of laboratory adsorption/desorption experiments helped elucidate the importance of 1) contact time between sediment and water, 2) salinity of water in contact with sediment, 3) redox conditions of water in contact with sediment, and 4) the chemical characteristics of sediment on radium adsorption/desorption. We found that these reactions are rapid (on the order of hours), desorption increases with increasing salinity and decreasing pH, and the presence of Fe and Mn (hydr)oxides on the sediment inhibit the release of radium. These sediments have a large capacity to sorb radium from fresh water. Combined with these experimental results, we present evidence from time series groundwater sampling that within this subterranean estuary there are cyclic periods of Ra accumulation and release controlled by changing salinity and redox conditions.     

三轴压力下水与砂岩反应的实验研究

通过饱水砂岩的三轴压缩实验, 研究了含水层砂岩的破裂过程及其伴随的水化学变化, 并探讨了砂岩在蠕变和剪切破裂过程中地震水化异常现象的形成机理。 用离子色谱仪(IC)和等离子原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定了不同压力条件下实验溶液的F^-、 Cl^-、 NO^-₃、 SO^2-₄、 Ca²⁺、 Mg²⁺、 Na⁺浓度。 饱水砂岩在差应力作用下, 随着蠕变时间延长和剪切作用的强化实验, 溶液中主要离子的浓度均有不同程度的增大, 仅Mg²⁺浓度是降低的。 F^-和Cl^-浓度变化最明显, 在2~12小时的蠕变时间内分别增大约10倍和4倍, 而随剪切作用的强化分别增大约5倍和3倍。 这种变化主要与矿物的溶解和流体包裹体的混入有关。 实验结果表明, F^-、 Cl^-和Ca²⁺可作为砂岩含水层地震水化前兆监测的灵敏组分。     

雪冰中生物有机酸的测试分析方法研究

生物有机酸是构成酸雨的组分类别，对地表环境有着重要影响，由于其来源与生物界关系密切，因此，对其在雪冰中记录的研究是从历史的角度认识C，H，O等生源元素生物地球化学循环，认识过去生态和环境变化的途径之一，但是，由于其含量较低，易遭受污染等原因，雪冰中有机酸含量的定量测定一直是困扰研究人员的一个问题，在对目前有机酸测试分析现状，测试分析的难点和问题调研的基础上，文章提出了一种利用DX－300离子色谱测试山地冰川雪冰中生物有机酸含量的方法，该方法利用AS4A分析柱，AG4A保护柱，TAC－2样品富集柱和ATC－1阴离子捕集柱，以梯度淋洗方式，在14min内可分离检测出甲酸，乙酸，丙酮酸，甲烷磺酸，草酸等有机酸根离子及氟，氯，亚硝酸，硝酸，溴，磷酸和硫酸等常见无机阴离子，上述有机，无机离子的测试分析相对标准误差分别为：氟（2．0％），乙酸（4．5％），甲酸（2．0％），甲烷磺酸（16．9％），氯（3．1％），亚硝酸（3．9％），硝酸（2．2％），溴（4．9％）和硫酸（2．4％）。     

硼特效树脂离子交换法分离B的研究

本文对Amberlite IRA 743 硼特效树脂交换分离B的特征及其影响因素进行了研究。它适用于各种地质样品中B的分离提取，特别是在B同位素地球化学研究时必须进行B纯化的场合。     

水溶液体系的化学平衡模型

概括了化学平衡计算的历史及特点；对在地球化学研究中常用的水溶液体系化学平衡模型作了简要的介绍；讨论了水溶液体系化学平衡模型研究的现状及今后的发展动向。