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991.
Dipankar Pathak 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2023,47(1):185-197
Isotope dilution (ID) is a widely used analytical technique to determine elemental abundance to a high degree of accuracy and precision, using a spiked isotope tracer. This technique also enables efficient correction of the inevitable phenomenon of analytical mass fractionation during mass spectrometric analysis. It is also used to determine stable isotope variations of an element in a sample relative to a reference material, using tracers enriched in two isotopes (popularly known as the double spike method). Isotope dilution data reduction can be performed in Microsoft® Excel™ using different algorithmic approaches. Additional software such as iolite and MATLAB® offer algorithm implementations to perform these calculations. These are however limited to use within particular laboratories/research groups, or either require additional cost-bound software or some degree of knowledge in computer programming languages for use, or all of these. To ease this situation, a graphical user interface-based software is proposed (here named Parmanu-Gunak, meaning Atom-Calculator in Sanskrit text) to invert both single and double spiked isotope data, with the aim of making it a standard tool for ID data reduction. Examples of Nd and Mo isotopes are used to demonstrate the robustness of the program. 相似文献
992.
Daniel J. Meininger William S. Kinman Susan K. Hanson 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2023,47(2):457-465
The isotopic composition of cadmium in nuclear debris was measured by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Mass-independent perturbations due to fission product decay on the isotopes of Cd were observed. Relative fission yields for masses 111, 112, 114 and 116 were determined in each sample of nuclear debris and compared with reported values found in irradiated plutonium and uranium fuels. Mass spectrometry measurements of the valley fission product endpoints are extremely challenging due to the low cumulative fission yields and small amounts of each isotope that are produced. To overcome these challenges, a new purification method for Cd was developed and validated by examination of a number of geological reference materials. 相似文献
993.
基于美国台风预报系统(Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting,HWRF),研究了气团订正方法对GOES-13/15静止卫星成像仪资料同化效果的改进作用,选取了2012年6月23日生成于大西洋地区的台风Debby作为研究对象,通过一组对照试验比较了气团订正前后台风路径和初始场相关物理量的差异,结果表明:气团订正能显著减小GOES-13/15静止卫星成像仪资料的系统偏差,明显提高台风路径的预报效果,气团订正使得预报的台风路径与观测路径的平均偏差和标准差降低了30%左右,提前6 h实现了台风路径的正确转向。物理机制分析表明,经过气团订正后的静止卫星资料增强了位于台风东南侧副热带高压的强度,同时增加了台风东部的温度和比湿,在引导气流和大气温、湿场的共同作用下,台风预报路径实现了正确转向。 相似文献
994.
本文基于合肥地面观测、机场自动观测系统(AWOS)、多普勒雷达、探空及FNL 0.25°×0.25°等资料,分析了2015年8月6日合肥一次较强风切变天气过程,并对其形成机理进行研究。结果表明:低空风切变发生前,肥西地区不稳定能量及上升气流较为活跃,有利于对流云团的发展。地面自动气象站的观测资料表明,低空风切变发生时,近地层的风向、风速和温度等气象要素均有突变;风暴的质心高度、最强回波高度和风暴顶高迅速下降,空中气流快速下沉,至近地面向四周辐散,因此该风暴属于下击暴流性质;径向速度图中明显的正负速度对也印证了低空剧烈的风向和风速切变。 相似文献
996.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(2):125738
Tropospheric ozone (O3) acts as greenhouse gas and air pollutant. Over the last 100 years, tropospheric O3 levels increased above background by factor 2.5 in the northern hemisphere and by factor 3–4 across Europe. The gas poses a potential risk to forest ecosystems in many mountain areas. There, O3 concentrations result from long-range transport and are influenced by removal processes (dry deposition, gas phase and cloud removal, reduction on wet aerosols). Most trend studies analyzed annual-mean concentrations. We focus on winter O3 trends at high altitudes in the German/Czech Erzgebirge (period 1981–2020) to avoid major noise from photochemical reactions and to better explain recent O3 behavior in Central Europe. Hourly air quality and meteorological data from four stations (Carlsfeld, CAR; Fichtelberg, FIB; Schwartenberg, SWB; Zinnwald, ZIW) were used to analyze O3 trends. The data can explain the complex O3 formation and removal behavior.Three distinct periods of O3-concentration trends can be discerned: i) Until the late 1980s, characterized by relatively low O3 concentrations. ii) Dramatic transformation in the 1990s with changing air pollution in Central Europe. Strong O3-concentration increase at FIB is corroborated by data from CAR and ZIW. iii) Stabilization as of 1997/98, when O3 concentrations remained at the same level for all four stations, despite general regional air pollution decrease. Key results are:a) Winter O3 trends mainly depend on O3 concentration of air masses transported to the stations and on the O3-removal potential (ORP) of clouds, not on local formation processes.b) ORP differs between clouds and fog, depending on droplet chemical composition. Fog from the North Bohemian Basin showed the highest ORP due to reaction with liquid phase S(IV). However, O3 reactions with O2− in fog droplets showed high ORP, too, depending on cloud-water pH values and NOx concentrations.c) So-called “Bohemian fog” decreased, and with it related ORP, while that of clouds from westerly and northwesterly air masses remained nearly unchanged since 1997/98.d) Decreasing ORP in clouds and fog (= higher O3 concentration) oppose decreasing O3 concentrations in westerly air masses. Both effects lead to unchanged O3 levels in the Erzgebirge since 1997/98. 相似文献
997.
农药污染地块修复过程中频繁出现异味污染问题,严重影响周边居民日常生活和身体健康。以往报道多集中在场地内有毒有害物质分析,较少关注场地异味污染问题。为预测某有机磷农药场地修复过程异味污染情况,本文以该地块7个潜在异味污染控制区为研究对象,分析了近土壤空气异味污染程度和影响范围,并应用气相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术测定近土壤空气、土壤中挥发性有机物(VOCs)和半挥发性有机物(SVOCs),阐明地块控制区内异味污染排放特征,评估近土壤空气地块污染的人体健康风险。结果表明,7个区域监测点位散发不同程度刺激性气味,臭气浓度值范围为309~72443;生产区异味影响范围最大,达到3.2km;共识别出近土壤环境空气中209种VOCs、土壤样品中246种VOCs和SVOCs,主要包括芳香化合物、卤代物、烷烯烃和含氧有机物;主要异味贡献物质种类包括有机硫化物、芳香化合物和含氧有机物;7个区域近土壤空气均存在致癌风险(>1.0×10-4),5个区域存在非致癌风险,主要致癌物质为1,4-二氯苯、苯、四氯化碳。本文开展的农药场地异味物质组分与致病致癌风险持续研究结果,可为研究区生态环境修复和居民健康保护等提供重要依据。 相似文献
998.
Zhenyu Song Yunpeng Xiao Chuantao Xiao 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2021,132(2):147-157
The biodiversity changes of trilobites in the middle Yangtze region of South China in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event and the end-Ordovician mass extinction have been analysed. The Ordovician trilobites in this region originated in the early Tremadocian and radiated from the late Floian to the early Katian. Two peaks of diversity appeared in the late Dapingian to the early Darriwilian and the early Katian. The extinction occurred in the late Katian, followed by a survival period in the Hirnantian. The Whiterock fauna began to surpass the Ibex fauna during the early Katian and were dominant by the late Katian to the Hirnantian, indicating that Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna was gradually replaced. The study once again confirms the view that the effects of factors such as sea level, climate, oxygen content, nutrient supply, and tectogenesis differ temporally and to different degrees in different regions, resulting in differences in the vertical sequence and horizontal combination of ecosystems, which is the reason for the different evolution patterns of Ordovician trilobites in different regions. 相似文献
999.
???????·?????Tongji-GRACE01?????????????????????????????????????????????+??????????????????????????GIA????????????仯??????????GIA??????????????仯??????о???????RMS????2003-01??2011-08????????仯???????????-128.2±34.6 Gt/a??Pau-5-AUT??????-177.9±40.2 Gt/a??W&W-4-AUT??????-92.8±31.2 Gt/a??W12a?????? 相似文献
1000.
南海北部白云深水区东北部小型峡谷内的块体搬运 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The process of mass movements and their consequent turbidity currents in large submarine canyons has been widely reported, however, little attention was paid to that in small canyons. In this paper, we document mass movements in small submarine canyons in the northeast of Baiyun deepwater area, north of the South China Sea(SCS), and their strong effects on the evolution of the canyons based on geophysical data. Submarine canyons in the study area arrange closely below the shelf break zone which was at the depth of –500 m. Within submarine canyons, seabed surface was covered with amounts of failure scars resulted from past small-sized landslides. A complex process of mass transportation in the canyons is indicated by three directions of mass movements.Recent mass movement deposits in the canyons exhibit translucent reflections or parallel reflections which represent the brittle deformation and the plastic deformation, respectively. The area of most landslides in the canyons is less than 3 km2. The trigger mechanisms for mass movements in the study area are gravitational overloading, slope angle and weak properties of soil. Geophysical data indicate that the genesis of submarine canyons is the erosion of mass movements and consequent turbidity currents. The significant effects of mass movements on canyon are incision and sediment transportation at the erosion phases and fillings supply at the fill phases. This research will be helpful for the geological risk assessments and understanding the sediment transportation in the northern margin of the SCS. 相似文献