Explaining risk perception of microplastics: Results from a representative survey in Germany

Plastic pollution through small particles, so-called microplastics, is acknowledged as an environmental problem of global dimension by both politicians, and the public. An increasing number of environmental studies investigate the exposure and effects of microplastics. Although there are many open questions, current scientific evidence does not confirm a high risk for the environment. At the same time, the issue receives great public attention, which in turn motivates various political and policy actions. So far, little research has examined the underlying social dimensions, i.e., the factors explaining individual risk perception of microplastics. This paper studies the perception of risks associated with microplastics concerning the environment and human health using data from a representative online survey conducted in Germany (n = 1027). We particularly examine the role of socio-demographics, individual awareness, knowledge factors, and the media’s influence on risk perception. Our results show that a majority of the respondents rates the risks through microplastics very high for both the environment and human health. Regression analyses demonstrate that environmental awareness and knowledge of media narratives are the strongest predictors for this risk perception. Our study illustrates the incongruence between scientific knowledge, media framing, and the public opinion concerning the risk posed by microplastics.     

储层地震物理模拟的震源指向性及介质非均质性影响分析

随着地震物理模拟的研究目标由地质构造发展为不同类型的油气储层,明确震源指向性及介质非均质性对实验结果的影响,对提高物理模拟数据的可信性及准确性具有重要意义.利用激光测振新方法对震源指向性进行了实验测试,得到了更加精确的指向性结果,形成了模拟数据振幅补偿方法.制作了具有不同尺度特征的非均质样品,在50 kHz至1000 kHz超声频段下对纵波速度及能量进行了测试,明确了不同的波长/介质尺度比(λ/a)范围内纵波速度及干扰波与有效波能量比的变化特征.结果表明,在地震物理模拟超声频段下射线速度向散射速度的转折点出现在λ/a≈2处;散射速度向等效介质速度的转折点出现在λ/a≈100处.当满足λ/a>200条件时,干扰波与有效波能量比小于5%时,可认为满足储层模拟的等效介质条件.     

Determination of stellar positions with a cross-correlation procedure

A technique of cross-correlation for the determination of stellar positions is proposed. It is a technique suitable for the recording of stellar positions on transit instruments, photoelectric astrolabes, and also on the meridian circles with reversed observing method. An advantage of this process is that there is no hypothesis required for the modelling image profile, and for the noise. It is closer to unbiased estimation. Results by this new method on a transit instrument are presented. For the brighter stars, there is no great difference in accuracy between the median position and the cross-correlation value according to the results.     

Flow of viscous fluids through a porous deformable matrix

A self-contained account of mixture theory is presented as a framework for describing the flow of fluids, liquids and gases, through a porous deformable matrix, incorporating both mechanical and thermal effects. The theory comprises the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy for each constituent and the mixture properties which describe the interactions between constituents. Mass transfer between constituents which arises during phase change and chemical reactions influences both conservation laws and mixture properties. An analysis of discontinuity conditions at a singular surface is presented, which would be needed, for example, to describe an advancing phase-change front. Details are presented for the flow of viscous fluids through a thermoelastic matrix undergoing infinitesimal deformation, a common model for underground reservoirs. The interactions of immiscible and miscible fluids are discussed. An essential ingredient is the relation between partial physical variables defined as mean values over mixture elements, and intrinsic variables defined with respect to the constituent elements.     

国土资源网站传播与管理策略研究

国土资源管理中遭遇的资源供需矛盾、利益协调困难、违法违规反弹、粗放浪费严重等问题,只是保障发展、保护资源"两难"局面的一些表象,更深层次的原因应从体制、机制、法制的缺陷中探寻,最基础的前提就是要提高国土资源文化的软实力。新媒体时代下,国土资源文化建设通过互联网站、手机报、微博等新媒体手段及报纸、杂志等传统媒介平台进行传播,不断为国土资源事业的改革发展提供强大的精神动力和舆论支持。     

浅谈科技期刊如何服务于我国防灾减灾事业

科技期刊是传播创新成果的主要媒介,是我国防灾减灾宣传工作中的主流媒体之一。从当今科技期刊的特征入手,分析了科技期刊在我国防灾减灾事业中发挥的作用,并对科技期刊今后如何更好地服务于我国防灾减灾事业进行了设想。     

What happened to climate change? CITES and the reconfiguration of polar bear conservation discourse

In the past decade, polar bears have become the poster species of climate change. But in March 2013, a joint proposal by the governments of the United States and the Russian Federation to up-list polar bears to Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) diverted public attention from climate change towards the hunting of polar bears. Prior to a vote on the proposal, non-governmental organisations spear-headed a media campaign to support the up-listing. In the United Kingdom the campaign received support from celebrities and was widely reported in English language news media. Narratives of commercial legal and illegal polar bear hunting and the imminent extinction of polar bears were aggressively promoted, rhetorically supported by the manipulation of trade and scientific data. By rendering discourses of commercial hunting and a lucrative global trade in polar bear parts highly visible, sustainable hunting and climate change-induced habitat loss were rendered invisible. Media reports of commercial hunting de-coupled polar bear conservation from climate change mitigation, and disassociated polar bear hunting from regulated indigenous subsistence practices. A review of current polar bear conservation measures and an analysis of media coverage leading up to the CITES decision reveal these conflicting discourses, and suggest that more nuanced media coverage of polar bear conservation is necessary if appropriate multilateral conservation policies are to be enacted and publicly supported.     

The quiet opposition: How the pro-economy lobby influences climate policy

The lack of ambitious climate change policies in large anglophone countries, such as the United States, has been explained by the strong media presence of denialist arguments against climate science. Such counterarguments are less visible in the news media of most European countries. Why do many of these countries nevertheless fail to enact ambitious climate change policies? This paper suggests that influential organizations may block ambitious climate change policies in corporatist countries without an extensive media strategy or a strong denialist message. We draw from theories on the policy process, policy networks, influence strategies, and comparative politics to formulate hypotheses about the existence, influence, and strategies of organizations that oppose ambitious climate policy. We test these hypotheses using an original combination of media data and survey data on the national climate policy network in Finland, a corporatist European country that has long lacked ambitious climate policies. The findings show that a coalition that prioritizes economic competitiveness over climate change mitigation is influential and occupies a central position in the policy network. This pro-economy lobby does not question the validity of climate science or actively seek media visibility. Rather, it influences the policy process using other strategies, such as inside lobbying, and appears in the news media less often than other climate policy organizations. Our results suggest that opponents of climate change mitigation can be powerful despite a weak media presence. This implies that studies on climate politics should pay more attention to strategies of influencing beyond the media spotlight.     

利用多台资料对比识别南北地震带震相特征

利用多台资料对比震相识别方法,采用台网中心对地震较精确的定位结果,对南北地震带强化观测台网中心所记录到的地方震、近震、远震分别进行分析。结果表明,随着不同构造区域介质的差异性,地震波传播路径不同,导致各地区所记录到的地震震相特征不同。通过对不同区域地震震相特征的进一步对比分析,找出各区域震相特征的差异性和规律性,为以后台网中对震相识别和精确定位都有一定意义。