Comparison of source parameters estimated in the frequency and time domains for seismic events at the Rudna copper mine,Poland

Source parameters estimated in the frequency domain for 100 selected seismic events from the Rudna copper mine, with moment magnitude ranging from 1.4 to 3.6, were collected to study their scaling relations and to compare them with the parameters estimated in the time domain. The apparent stress and static stress drop, corrected for the limited bandwidth recording, increase slightly in a similar manner with increasing seismic moment. The ratio of apparent stress to static stress drop, a measure of radiation efficiency, is practically constant and its mean value is close to 0.1. For 37 seismic events, with moment magnitude between 1.9 and 3.4, source parameters were estimated in the time domain from relative source time functions, that displayed unilateral rupture propagation, and their rupture velocity could be estimated. It ranges from 0.23 to 0.80 of shear wave velocity and is almost independent of seismic moment. The fault length, estimated from the average source pulse width and rupture velocity, is clearly dependent on seismic moment and is smaller than the source radius estimated from the corner frequency on the average by about 25 percent. There is no correlation between the values of static stress drop estimated in the frequency and time domains, but the time domain stress drop is in general similar to that estimated in the frequency domain. The apparent stress increases with increasing rupture velocity, and the ratio of apparent stress to static stress drop seems also to depend on rupture velocity.     

二元函数逼近在斜坡可靠度分析中的应用研究

极限平衡分析方法是斜坡稳定性评价中的常用方法,在长期的工程实践中积累了丰富的经验,但其不能考虑斜坡岩土体中实际存在的不确定性,在应用中具有一定的局限性。可靠度分析方法可有效地考虑斜坡系统内的不确定性和相关性,但因状态函数偏导数的求解比较困难,使可靠度分析方法在实际中应用不便。为解决上述问题,根据二元函数插值逼近原理,在矩形区域上构造拉格朗日不完全双二次多项式逼近状态函数,从而近似地计算状态函数的偏导数,求得状态函数的均值和方差,并利用精度较高的一次二阶矩方法来计算斜坡的可靠指标和破坏概率。据鄂西恩施地区马堡营滑坡实例分析表明,引入二元函数插值逼近的一次二阶矩方法计算结果与剩余推力法及Monte-carlo模拟方法结果一致,其精度可满足工程需求。     

省域发展潜力影响要素及其作用机理分析

围绕区域发展潜力来源,建构了区域发展潜力影响要素分析框架,论述了外部环境、内部资源、内部能力的组成及其影响机理。得出：区域发展阶段不同,区域发展潜力影响因素的类型与质量存在分异。且不同发展阶段下发展潜力主导影响因素呈现：（1）处于农业经济主导和工业化初期的区域,受控于自然资源与条件、人口与劳动力;（2）处在工业化中、末期的区域,主导因素是区域经济基础、人力资本和发展战略;（3）处在后工业化和信息时代的区域,区域能力是其主导因素。     

陕西省耕地资源数量与经济发展关系的计量分析

基于1978-2005年陕西省耕地资源数量与经济发展的统计数据,运用协整分析、误差修正模型、脉冲响应函数和方差分解等方法分析了陕西省耕地资源数量与经济发展之间的互动关系,结果显示:1)陕西省耕地资源数量与经济发展之间存在长期均衡关系,但短期内却存在失衡,短期波动向长期均衡趋近的调整幅度为4.23%,调整力度非常小;2)经济发展的冲击可以部分解释耕地资源数量的变化,解释水平为12%以下,耕地资源数量的冲击对经济发展的解释水平在18%以下;3)耕地资源数量、经济发展均显著地受其自身波动的影响.建议从提升经济发展质量和耕地利用效率等方面采取长期性、综合性的政府干预措施.     

地震动随机函数模型研究(Ⅰ)——模型建立

基于随机过程的随机函数解释,发展了一种随机地震动模型.模型包括两个部分,分别是基于理论物理关系的Fourier幅值谱模型和基于经验关系的Fourier相位谱模型.基于拟加速度谱概念建立的幅值谱模型能够反映强震记录的幅值特性,而Fourier相位谱模型则利用累积相位谱的单值连续特性,以线性多项式与三角级数组合的形式给出.模拟记录与实测记录对比结果显示两者不仅在波形结构上相似性良好,而且反应谱层次亦吻合良好.     

基于能量原理的Park & Ang损伤模型简化计算方法

Park＆Ang损伤模型综合考虑了结构最大变形和累积滞回耗能的耦合作用,具有一定的先进性,被国内外研究者广泛采用;但由于该模型中参数的计算困难,尤其涉及结构滞回耗能的计算问题时,该模型的应用受到了一定的限制;文中从能量的关系入手,寻找出结构滞回耗能与结构最大位移的关系,利用该关系可方便求解出结构的滞回耗能,从而为该模型的计算提供了一种简便方法;最后,例题分析证明本文的方法简便可行,计算效率高。     

双等腰三角形凸起地形在SH波入射时的地表位移函数

利用"分区、辅助函数"思想,将求解的区域分为三部分,区域Ⅰ为一个带有半圆形弧线的等腰三角形区域,区域Ⅱ也为一个带有半圆形弧线的等腰三角形区域,区域Ⅲ为两个带有半圆形凹陷的弹性半空间,并利用波函数展开法分别在区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ和区域Ⅲ中构造满足等腰三角形在其斜面上应力自由和在弹性半空间中满足水平面上应力自由的驻波函数,以此为基础,通过区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ和区域Ⅲ的"公共边界"位移应力连续条件,建立对该问题进行求解的无穷代数方程组,并采用截断有限项的方法对其进行求解。     

S-wave velocity structure beneath Changbaishan volcano inferred from receiver function

The S wave velocity structure in Changbaishan volcanic region was obtained from teleseismic receiver func-tion modeling. The results show that there exist distinct low velocity layers in crust in volcano area. Beneath WQD station near to the Tianchi caldera the low velocity layer at 8 km depth is 20 km thick with the lowest S-wave velocity about 2.2 km/s. At EDO station located 50 km north of Tianchi caldera,no obvious crustal low velocity layer is detected. In the volcanic re-gion,the thickness of crustal ...     

江苏及邻区中小地震能量场的时空变化分析

采用随机能量场的概念,将地震活动能量场看作时间和空间的随机函数场,用自然正交函数展开的分析方法,研究江苏及邻区自1970年1月至2007年12月的中小地震(2.1≤M_L≤4.5)能量场变化特征,以及主要典型能量场的时间"权重"系数的变化特征.结果显示:前7个典型场的展开精度为0.9244.研究区内不同构造块体的地震活动能量场强度存在明显差异,其中下扬子块体的苏中、苏南地区及南黄海海域的地震背景能量值高于其他地区;从典型场的分布来看,该区域对研究区能量场的影响也最为显著.前6个主要典型场的时间"权重"系数随时间的变化幅度与研究区大部分中强震之间在时间上存在很强的相关性.     

Axisymmetric transient waves in transversely isotropic half-space

A transversely isotropic material in the sense of Green is considered. Using a series of potential functions proposed in [Eskandari-Ghadi M. A complete solution of the wave equations for transversely isotropic media. J Elasticity 2005; 81:1–19], the solutions of the transient wave equations within a half-space under surface load are obtained in the Laplace–Hankel domain for axisymmetric problems. The solutions are investigated in detail in the special case of a surface point force pulse varying with time as Heaviside function. Using Cagniard–De Hoop method, the inverse Laplace transform and inverse Hankel transform of the solutions are then obtained in the form of integrals with finite limits. For validity of the analytical results, the final formulations for surface waves are degenerated for an isotropic material and compared with the existing formulation obtained by Pekeris [The seismic surface pulse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1955;41:469–80], to show that they are exactly the same. The numerical evaluations of the integrals for some transversely isotropic materials as well as an isotropic one are obtained. The present approach is then numerically verified by comparing a particular case of displacements for the surface of an isotropic half-space subjected to a point load of Heaviside function with the solutions obtained by Pekeris [The seismic surface pulse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1955;41:469–80]. In addition, the wave equations for the mentioned medium are obtained on the vertical line directly under the applied surface load. The final formulations are degenerated for an isotropic material and compared with the existing formulation given in Graff [Wave motion in elastic solids. New York: Dover Publications Inc; 1975 [New Ed edition, November 1991]], to show that they are also exactly the same. Then equations are presented in graphical forms using an appropriate numerical evaluation.