人类活动对若尔盖高原沼泽的影响与对策

指出若尔盖高原沼泽受人类活动影响所发生的变化,通过沼泽植被、沼泽土壤错位拉坚湖滨沼泽土壤中不溶性氮、磷（全量）高于九道班（１）、（２）;而可溶性氮、磷、钾（速效性）却相反,受干扰的沼泽土壤含量要高于原生沼泽、沼泽水化学、沼泽小气候对比分析表明,探听上来区域环境发生明显变化,进而出现草场退化、野生动物减少、鼠害严重、局部出现砂化和盐渍化,对上述问题的原因进行分析,并提出防治对策。     

莫莫格湖泊群近50年来的环境变化

莫莫格源泊群水痊和生态环境的变化,主要取决于大气降水和河流水位的变化,近５０年来,湖区气温逐渐上升,在自然因素和人为活动的影响下,源泊水位有逐渐下降的趋势,源泊生态环境不断恶化。     

我国山地垂直人文带研究综述

山地垂直人文带是叠加在山地垂直自然带上的一种人文现象,包括文化、民族、宗教、语言、人口、聚落等人文事象和人类的一切活动.我国山地垂直人文带的研究起步较晚,相关科研工作相对滞后,研究成果主要集中在山地土地利用、山地农业、山地人口、山地聚落、山地民族等方面.今后对山地人文带的研究应加强理论研究,在研究方法上注重定性与定量相结合以及新技术、跨学科知识的应用.研究方向也应作适当调整,山地聚落类型的机理与模式研究、山地文化在垂直方向上的研究应得到重视.     

红河州气候康养资源时空分布特征分析与效应评价

基于红河州各县市30年常规气象观测资料和医疗数据,根据人体舒适度、旅游气候适宜度等指标规范,对全州气候康养资源的分布特征进行了挖掘,对其康养效应进行了初步探析与评估。研究结果表明：（1）红河州13县市气候康养资源具有空间差异性,其中,金平县、个旧市、绿春县、泸西县、屏边县均全年无夏,适宜避暑为主的康养;而河口县、元阳县、开远市、红河县全年无冬,适宜避寒为主的康养;蒙自市、建水县、弥勒市、石屏县则为四季温和型“春城”气候,四季康养皆宜。（2）全州舒适期长达7个月,属于四季全域康养旅游目的地,其中最适宜旅游月份是2-4月和9-11月。（3）全州平均期望寿命排在前三位的金平县、泸西县、个旧市3个县市,其春秋季节天数都在300天以上,均属于春秋型气候养生区;其中排在第一位的金平县,百岁老人最多,被认定为云南首个“长寿之乡”。（4）心脑血管疾病发生率与气侯舒适性关系密切,气候不适天数较多（舒适天数较少）的地区心脑血管疾病发生率也较高。此项研究既可为欲去红河州进行气候康养者提供重要参考,又可为当地康养产业发展提高科学依据,也为刚刚开始的气候康养研究提供借鉴。     

人类干扰对洪泽湖湿地植被分布格局的影响

洪泽湖具有防洪、调蓄、灌溉、水产、航运、发电等多个功能,人类干扰对洪泽湖湿地植被的影响对湿地管理具有重要意义。分析了人工水位调控、渔业生产及水质恶化等人类干扰对湿地植被分布格局的影响。结果表明:在长期且密集的人类干扰下,洪泽湖水位表现出春低、夏高、秋冬平稳的格局,使得洪泽湖湿地植被表现出明显的年际和年内波动;洪泽湖的水位每年5-6月达全年最低,这使得一些耐涝性较强的湿生植物在挺水植被分布区广泛分布;受渔业生产和水质恶化的影响,洪泽湖湿地植被分布总体呈下降的趋势,随着南水北调东线工程的竣工,还将面临新的挑战。     

A Study of Resource Curse Effect of Chinese Provinces Based on Human Developing Index

Traditional opinion considers that natural resources play an important positive role in economic development, while resource curse theory holds that natural resources usually obstruct economic increase. This debate needs further exploration. In most of empirical studies on resource curse theory, the economic development of an area is mainly evaluated by the Gross Domestic Product （GDP）, however, the social and cultural contents of economic development are seldom considered. Thus, the Human Developing Index （HDI） was chosen to describe the comprehensive developing situation of an area in our study. Based on the panel data from the year of 2000 to 2011, the relationship between Human Developing Index and resource exploitation degree （RED） of 30 provinces in China （Tibet, Tai- wan, Hong Kong and Macao were not included because of the restriction of data acquisition） was investigated by correlation coefficient analysis and regression analysis. We found that resource curse did exist over the entire country and its effect on 30 provinces were not exactly the same. According to the effects of resource curse, these provinces could be classified into four types： no resource curse prov- inces, slight resource curse provinces, severe resource curse provinces, and extreme resource curse provinces. Testing from two short time periods 2000-2005, and 2006-2011, the resource curse effect was not prominent. However, testing from the entire period of 2000-2011, the effect was obvious among each province.     

Geology, landscape and human interactions: examples from the Isle of Wight

The British Geological Survey has recently re-mapped the Isle of Wight at a scale of 1:10,000. This has added to a wealth of geological research already published. Within this paper, we highlight the importance of geology to the heritage of the Isle of Wight and its impacts on everyday life. There is a growing cultural awareness of the variety of landscapes and resources, the geology that underpins them, and the need to manage and understand them in a sensitive and sustainable way. ‘Geodiversity’, which collectively embraces these themes, is defined as “… the natural range (diversity) of geological (rocks, minerals, fossils), geomorphological (land form, processes) and soil features …” (Gray, 2004). This paper will focus on the geomorphological features; that is, the link between geology, the landscape it influences, and the human interactions with it. Examples from the Isle of Wight of the influences of geology on landscape include the landslides at Ventnor; geotourism at The Needles, Alum Bay and various dinosaur sites; and the artificial landscapes resulting from resource extraction. The geological issues and examples that we have used are some of the most applicable to everyday life, and therefore ones that many people will be able to relate to, such as geohazards (e.g. landslides), water supply, economic value (e.g. quarrying) and tourism. The paper is aimed at the non-specialist and students but also may provide a contextual element to professionals.     

Strengthening conceptual foundations: Analysing frameworks for ecosystem services and poverty alleviation research

A research agenda is currently developing around the linkages between ecosystem services and poverty alleviation. It is therefore timely to consider which conceptual frameworks can best support research at this nexus. Our review of frameworks synthesises existing research on poverty/environment linkages that should not be overlooked with the adoption of the topical language of ecosystem services. A total of nine conceptual frameworks were selected on the basis of relevance. These were reviewed and compared to assess their ability to illuminate the provision of ecosystem services, the condition, determinants and dynamics of poverty, and political economy factors that mediate the relationship between poverty and ecosystem services. The paper synthesises the key contributions of each of these frameworks, and the gaps they expose in one another, drawing out lessons that can inform emerging research. Research on poverty alleviation must recognize social differentiation, and be able to distinguish between constraints of access and constraints of aggregate availability of ecosystem services. Different frameworks also highlight important differences between categories of services, their pathways of production, and their contribution to poverty alleviation. Furthermore, we highlight that it is important to acknowledge the limits of ecosystem services for poverty alleviation, given evidence that ecosystem services tend to be more associated with poverty prevention than reduction. We conclude by reflecting on the relative merits of dynamic Social–Ecological Systems frameworks versus more static checklists, and suggest that research on ecosystem services and poverty alleviation would be well served by a new framework distilling insights from the frameworks we review.     

Mapping global land system archetypes

Land use is a key driver of global environmental change. Unless major shifts in consumptive behaviours occur, land-based production will have to increase drastically to meet future demands for food and other commodities. One approach to better understand the drivers and impacts of agricultural intensification is the identification of global, archetypical patterns of land systems. Current approaches focus on broad-scale representations of dominant land cover with limited consideration of land-use intensity. In this study, we derived a new global representation of land systems based on more than 30 high-resolution datasets on land-use intensity, environmental conditions and socioeconomic indicators. Using a self-organizing map algorithm, we identified and mapped twelve archetypes of land systems for the year 2005. Our analysis reveals similarities in land systems across the globe but the diverse pattern at sub-national scales implies that there are no ‘one-size-fits-all’ solutions to sustainable land management. Our results help to identify generic patterns of land pressures and environmental threats and provide means to target regionalized strategies to cope with the challenges of global change. Mapping global archetypes of land systems represents a first step towards better understanding the global patterns of human–environment interactions and the environmental and social outcomes of land system dynamics.     

气候变化对环境与健康影响研究进展

气候变化对环境与健康的影响日益受到关注。分析了气候变化对大气环境、水环境和土壤环境的胁迫效应,阐述了气候变化对生态系统和人体健康的影响,并概述了气候变化对不同介质环境以及对生态系统与人体健康影响研究的进展。这一工作可以为今后气象与环境领域开展进一步研究提供基本框架。