20世纪90年代以来欧美人文地理学(导论)教材编写新趋向及其启示

基于对欧美人文地理学（导论）教材出版的新情况,对相关问题作些尝试性的探讨,以期为编写出优秀且符合时代要求的人文地理学（导论）教材提供一些参考。欧美同类教材的趋向：① 在原有多样化的基础上重构;② 概念主导的教材在增长;③ 概念主导教材的作者在增多。这些新动向给我们的启示：① 针对多样化的需要,编出多样化的导论教材;② 加强教材的学术性和思想性;③ 教材写作要突出基本概念,培养地理学思维。     

人类活动与气候变化对科尔沁沙质草地植被的影响

1992—2006年在科尔沁沙地开展了草地放牧和封育试验,分析研究了人类放牧活动和气候变化对草地植被的影响。研究结果表明：①人类放牧活动对沙质草地植被具有显著影响,其中轻度放牧可使原退化草地植被盖度、高度、物种丰富度和多样性明显提高,中度放牧下虽然草地植被盖度和高度有所下降,但对物种丰富度和多样性无不良影响,持续过度放牧可以导致草地植被迅速破坏;②围栏封育可以促进退化草地植被盖度、高度、物种丰富度和植物多样性得到较快恢复,其恢复速度是草层高度＞植被盖度＞物种丰富度＞多样性;③暖湿气候有利于草地维持较高的植被盖度、高度、物种丰富度和多样性,而持续干旱会导致相应指标的明显下降,多雨时期气温变化对植被的影响较大,干旱时期降水变化对植被的作用较强。     

人文与经济地理学的传承与创新：青年学者的责任

2018年1月27-28日,人文与经济地理学青年论坛暨第二届中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室青年论坛在北京国家会议中心成功举办。青年论坛以“人文与经济地理学的传承与创新：青年学者的责任与行动”为主题。莅临会场的院士、前辈和主管部门领导纷纷表示鼓励、支持和关怀青年人才的更快更好的成长。在这样的背景下,以这次青年论坛主题为题,在新时代传承和创新人文与经济地理学,青年学者责无旁贷,追寻地理学家的精神,集中探讨青年学者的责任与行动,展示人文与经济地理青年学者的思考和风采。     

工程活动对寒区的影响及其在寒区分类研究

寒区冻土环境与人类活动联系越来越紧密,人类工程活动已逐渐成为影响冻土及其生态环境的重要因素,是导致冻融灾害的主要因素。本文定性地讨论了人类工程活动对冻土及环境变化的影响,并提出了对冻土工程活动进行分类的思想,并给出一种分类方法。     

Device-free human micro-activity recognition method using WiFi signals

ABSTRACT

Human activity tracking plays a vital role in human–computer interaction. Traditional human activity recognition (HAR) methods adopt special devices, such as cameras and sensors, to track both macro- and micro-activities. Recently, wireless signals have been exploited to track human motion and activities in indoor environments without additional equipment. This study proposes a device-free WiFi-based micro-activity recognition method that leverages the channel state information (CSI) of wireless signals. Different from existed CSI-based micro-activity recognition methods, the proposed method extracts both amplitude and phase information from CSI, thereby providing more information and increasing detection accuracy. The proposed method harnesses an effective signal processing technique to reveal the unique patterns of each activity. We applied a machine learning algorithm to recognize the proposed micro-activities. The proposed method has been evaluated in both line of sight (LOS) and none line of sight (NLOS) scenarios, and the empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with several users.     

黄河水沙变化趋势及成因分析

自2000年以来,黄河中上游河道非汛期出现变清趋势,黄河呈现"枯水枯沙"的新水沙特征。本文依据黄河干、支流24个主要水文控制站1950-2016年实测水沙资料,采用数理统计法和趋势分析法,分析了60多年来黄河干、支流水沙变化趋势及其影响因素。结果表明:(1) 1950-2016年黄河干、支流各站年均径流量、年均输沙量和年均含沙量随时间总体呈减小趋势,其中2000-2016年(Ⅲ时段)各站年均输沙量和年均含沙量降幅最大。(2) 1950-2016年黄河中游流域干、支流各站年均中数粒径随时间呈减小趋势,黄河水沙状况枯丰期差异显著,但随时间呈减弱趋势。(3)黄河水沙变化是自然因素和人类活动综合作用的结果,近年来黄河中游河道变清是泥沙锐减造成的,其中水保措施、水库工程、河道采砂及流域调水调沙引水引沙是主因,且人类活动影响的比重逐渐增大。     

耦合魔方——一个分析人地系统耦合机理的多维框架

Understanding the interactions between humans and nature in the Anthropocene is central to the quest for both human wellbeing and global sustainability.However,the time-space compression,long range interactions,and reconstruction of socio-economic structures at the global scale all pose great challenges to the traditional analytical frameworks of human-nature systems.In this paper,we extend the connotation of coupled human and natural systems(CHANS)and their four dimensions—space,time,appearance,and organization,and propose a novel framework:“Coupled Human and Natural Cube”(CHNC)to explain the coupling mechanism between humans and the natural environment.Our proposition is inspired by theories based on the human-earth areal system,telecoupling framework,planetary urbanization,and perspectives from complexity science.We systematically introduce the concept,connotation,evolution rules,and analytical dimensions of the CHNC.Notably there exist various“coupling lines”in the CHNC,connecting different systems and elements at multiple scales and forming a large,nested,interconnected,organic system.The rotation of the CHNC represents spatiotemporal nonlinear fluctuations in CHANS in different regions.As a system continually exchanges energy with the environment,a critical phase transition occurs when fluctuations reach a certain threshold,leading to emergent behavior of the system.The CHNC has four dimensions—pericoupling and telecoupling,syncoupling and lagcoupling,apparent coupling and hidden coupling,and intra-organization coupling and inter-organizational coupling.We mainly focus on the theoretical connotation,research methods,and typical cases of telecoupling,lagcoupling,hidden coupling,and inter-organizational coupling,and put forward a human-nature coupling matrix to integrate multiple dimensions.In summary,the CHNC provides a more comprehensive and systematic research paradigm for understanding the evolution and coupling mechanism of the human-nature system,which expands the analytical dimension of CHANS.The CHNC also provides a theoretical support for formulating regional,sustainable development policies for human wellbeing.     

去中心化和（逆）全球化背景下中国人文地理学的批判性理论探索与方法创新

文章以去中心化和（逆）全球化为背景评估中国的人文地理学研究现状与未来去向。笔者认为近年贸易保护主义和中美争端的不断升级会减缓但不会扭转知识全球化的长期趋势。中国人文地理学者不应该对进入世界舞台失去信心,而应该勇敢正视当前理论和研究创新的重要机遇和挑战。文章通过对比中国人文地理学科与西方同行的研究,发现两者有不少共同的历史和传统,包括研究命题、研究框架和解释方式。比较而言,中国人文地理学更加规范统一、富有组织和系统性,并积极支持国家发展议程;而西方人文地理学强调个人自由、多样性、天马行空（“Blue-sky enquiry”）以及独立于政府的批判性视角。文章指出三种不同的价值观作为供中国人文地理学者进行理论批判的重要视角。其他可能的理论探索方式包括将问题置于不同的时间和空间,使用不同的数据和方法进行多重验证,从基本假设出发来进行理论解构,批判性地辨析因果关系,以及在不同的尺度下重新检视研究问题等。中国人文地理应通过更好地理解三种不同的地理知识,建立有利于激励研究创新的评估体系,探索国际研究和跨学科研究的前沿领域,促进比较研究,以及融合利用不同风格的研究方法等策略来促进研究创新。文章结尾提出三种可能的（逆）全球化情景供中国人文地理学者思考如何迈向充满新挑战和新机遇的未来。     

Human resource management and competitive advantage: An application of resource-based view in the shipping industry

The resource-based view (RBV) of the firm has been established as one of the main approaches to strategy formulation for the development of sustainable competitive advantage. Moreover, human resource management can be conceptualised as a source of competitiveness. This paper proposes that RBV could contribute to the confrontation of the hindrances that shipping companies face in the management of their human resources, and to the formation of sustainable competitive advantage. The paper analyses the findings of a field study, regarding the different human resource and crew management practices that are applied by Greek-owned shipping companies. Finally, based on the RBV of the firm, it proposes an integrated framework for managing human resources in the shipping industry in a way that could lead to the formation of sustainable competitive advantage.     

The 2010 tsunami in Chile: Devastation and survival of coastal small-scale fishing communities

In 2010, a tsunami generated by a magnitude 8.8 earthquake struck the central-south zone of Chile. This short communication reports the direct impacts on the small-scale artisanal fishing capacity and coastal livelihoods along approximately 600 km of the coastline. Despite the magnitude of the catastrophe, the absence of official warnings, and the failure of telecommunication networks only 8 fisher victims were reported out of a total death toll of more than 170. Results show that this trend is explained by socio-cultural assets and a natural hazard subculture. This highlights the need to integrate contextual and behavioural approaches in disaster management and rehabilitation policies.