Development of distributed time-variant gain model for nonlinear hydrological systems

Hydrological science is a branch of the earth sci-ences.To study the complexities of hydrological pro-cesses and the associated environmental problems,a systematic approach is desired.For instance,Dooge published Linear Theory of Hydrological System[1]in1973.Singh(1988)published Hydrological Systems[2],with its Chinese version[3]being translated by the Yel-low River Conservancy Commission in2000.Ge(1999)carried out systematic studies on the hydro-logical linear system theory,and produced …     

石膏角砾岩蠕变特性试验研究

对石膏角砾岩进行了单轴、三轴蠕变试验,获得了不同围压下的蠕变曲线。对其蠕变特性进行了综合分析,结果表明,其蠕变具有非线性及加速蠕变特性,而且不同围压对蠕变的影响很大。根据试验结果,按遗传蠕变理论建立了石膏角砾岩的非线性蠕变方程,该方程能描述石膏角砾岩的非线性及加速蠕变特性,通过回归分析,确定了蠕变参数数值。     

轴对称物体上的三阶波浪力

对于轴对称物体,提出了一个三阶波浪力的全绕射计算方法,自由水面上的三阶强迫项采用向外递推的方法加以计算。本方法已在计算机上实现。对于均匀圆柱问题,本方法计算结果与Malenica的半解析解吻合良好。本方法还被用于计算圆柱上的三阶波浪力矩,结果发现在低频区三阶波浪力矩具有很大的量值。     

An Extended Mild-Slope Equation

On the assumption that the vortex and the vertical velocity component of the current aresmall,a mild-slope equation for wave propagation on non-uniform flows is deduced from the basichydrodynamic equations,with the terms of (V_hh)~2 and (V_h~2)h included in the equation.The terms of bot-tom friction,wind energy input and wave nonlinearity are also introduced into the equation.The wind en-ergy input functions for wind waves and swells are separately considered by adopting Wen′s(1989)empiri-cal formula for wind waves and Snyder′s observation results for swells.Thus,an extended mild-slope equa-tion is obtained,in which the effects of refraction,diffraction,reflection,current,bottom friction,wind en-ergy input and wave nonlinearity are considered synthetically.     

A numerical investigation of the incremental behavior of crushable granular soils

The mechanical behavior of granular materials is characterized by strong nonlinearity and irreversibility. These properties have been differently described by a variety of constitutive models. To test any constitutive model, experimental data relative to the nature of the incremental stress–strain response of the material is desirable. However, this type of laboratory data is scarce because of being expensive and difficult to obtain. The discrete element method has been used several times as an alternative to obtain incremental responses of granular materials. Crushable grains add one extra source of irreversibility to granular materials. Crushability has been variously incorporated into different constitutive models. Again, it will be helpful to obtain incremental responses of crushable granular materials to test these models, but the experimental difficulties are increased. Making use of a recently introduced crushing model for discrete element simulation, this paper presents a new procedure to obtain incremental responses in discrete analogs of granular crushable materials. The parallel probe approach, previously used for uncrushable discrete analogs, is here extended to account for the presence of crushable grains. The contribution of grain crushing to the incremental irreversible strain is identified and separately measured. Robustness of the proposed method is examined in detail, paying particular attention to aspects such as dynamic instability or crushing localization. The proposed procedure is later applied to map incremental responses of a discrete analog of Fontainebleau sand on the triaxial plane. The effect of stress ratio and granular state on plastic flow characteristics is highlighted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wave refraction–diffraction effect in the wind wave model WWM

Based on the extended mild-slope equation, the wind wave model (WWM; Hsu et al., 2005) is modified to account for wave refraction, diffraction and reflection for wind waves propagating over a rapidly varying seabed in the presence of current. The combined effect of the higher-order bottom effect terms is incorporated into the wave action balance equation through the correction of the wavenumber and propagation velocities using a refraction–diffraction correction parameter. The relative importance of additional terms including higher-order bottom components, the wave–bottom interaction source term and wave–current interaction that influence the refraction–diffraction correction parameter is discussed. The applicability of the proposed model to calculate a wave transformation over an elliptic shoal, a series of parallel submerged breakwater induced Bragg scattering and wave–current interaction is evaluated. Numerical results show that the present model provides better predictions of the wave amplitude as compared with the phase-decoupled model of Holthuijsen et al. (2003).     

Solitary waves of two-layer quasi-geostrophic flow and analytical solutions with scalar nonlinearity

In this paper we investigate the instability of two-layer quasi-geostrophic model with scalar nonlinearity, which is a geophysical fluid dynamics model, and give a nonlinear stability criterion. Furthermore, the analytical solutions of the two-layer quasi-geostrophic model are obtained via the Jacobi elliptic periodic function transform method and symbolic computation. It is efficient in solving a range classes of nonlinear partial differential equations for this method. The result shows that the structure of Rossby waves is influenced by many factors such as base flow and scalar nonlinearity.     

STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-FREQUENCY INTERNAL WAVES IN QINGDAO OFFSHORE AREA OF THE YELLOW SEA

Densely-sampled thermistor chain data obtained from a shallow-water acoustics experiment in the Yellow Sea off the coast of Qingdao were analyzed to examine the statistical properties of the 6 to 520 cpd frequency band internal waves observed. The negative skewness coefficients and the greaterthan-3 kurtosis coefficients indicated non-Gaussianity of the internal waves. The probability distributions were negatively skewed and abnormally high peaks. Nonlinear properties, as exemplified by the asymmetric waveshapes of the internal waves in the offshore area are described quantitatively.     

考虑降解效应的城市固体废弃物非线性本构模型

基于城市固体废弃物(MSW)的降解及土力学特征,在应力降解模型、等向压缩特性和邓肯-张模型的理论基础上,建立了一个能够描述MSW应力和降解耦合作用的全量非线性本构模型。给出了不同应力状态下单元体体积和轴向变形随时间变化的数学表达,同时给出了所有参数的确定方法。采用该模型对不同龄期和不同围压条件下填埋场现场试样的三轴CD应力-应变曲线以及室内长期一维降解压缩试验进行了模拟。结果表明,模型概念合理、参数明确,能够较全面地描述不同降解龄期垃圾的本构关系,可用于分析填埋场的长期变形。     

基于等级相关的泥石流危险因子筛选与危险度评价

针对泥石流危险因子之间的单调性差异和主次危险因子之间的非线性关系,提出了结合散点图和Spearman等级相关评价泥石流主次危险因子相关性的方法,以散点图作为危险因子初步筛选的依据,以Spearman等级相关系数作为危险因子最终筛选和权重分配的依据。以云南省37条泥石流沟的基础数据为例,建立了泥石流危险度综合评价模型,以此计算东川市12条泥石流沟的危险度评价结果,计算结果表明,新方法比经典方法更能体现物源条件与动力条件对泥石流危险性的贡献,从而证明了新方法的合理性。