Si^4＋及过渡金属离子在蓝宝石呈色中的作用——数学分析法在离子致色研究中的应用

理想晶体（包括蓝宝石）的颜色与占据其晶格的微量过渡金属元素的种类及含量有直接的关系。玄武岩产状的蓝宝石中含有多种微量元素，这些元素是蓝宝石致色的直接因素。本文通过研究发现，每种微量元素均对可见光的特定波段产生不同程度的吸收，其中，Fe^3 ,Si^4 是使蓝宝石呈现蓝色的主要离子，Cr^3 离子可使蓝宝石呈橙和绿色，Mn^4 离子可使蓝宝石呈黄色，Co^2 离子也可使蓝宝石呈蓝色。本文还做出了蓝宝石中每种微量元素对可见光的特征吸收图即波长－吸收系数图，与分子轨道理论值吻合，把蓝宝石中各离子对可见光的吸收位置和相对吸收强度统一起来。     

三元体系Na_2B_4O_7-NaHCO_3-H_2O和Na_2CO_3-NaBO_2-H_2O等温溶解度研究

作为研究四元体系Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７－Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－ＮａＨＣＯ３－ＮａＢＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ的开端，测定了三元体系Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７－ＮａＨＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－ＮａＢＯＨ２－Ｈ２Ｏ在０℃、１５℃－４５℃时的溶解度，绘制了相应的组成－性质图。两个三元体系的溶度图在研究温度范围内均属于低共饱型，平衡固相为组分化合物或其水合物。     

峨嵋山地区块体图的计算机绘制

本文介绍了用计算机辅助设计软件AUTOCAD与三维动画软件3DMAX来绘制峨嵋山地区块体图的方法，以此为例子讲述了将地形图改画面三维图的具体操作步骤，并进一步论述了用计算机绘制块体图的方法有着广泛的应用及其实用价值。     

Phosphorus oxynitride PON, a silica analogue: structure and compression of the cristobalite-like phase; P –T phase diagram

 The structure of the cristobalite-like polymorph of phosphorus oxynitride PON has been refined using neutron powder diffraction data. It is tetragonal, space group I&4macr;2d, Z=4. The four P–(O,N) distances are equal but the tetrahedron is compressed along c. In AX₂ or ABX₄ compounds, the tetragonal I&4macr;2d or I&4macr; structure is obtained when the average ratio of the cation to anion radius is below 1.186, whereas the tetragonal P4₁2₁2 or orthorhombic C222₁ structure is obtained at low temperatures for larger ratios. The cell parameters of this PON polymorph have been determined as a function of hydrostatic pressure by in situ angle dispersive X-ray powder diffraction in a diamond-anvil cell. Under truly hydrostatic pressure, a strong anisotropic behavior is observed with the c parameter being nearly incompressible. Very slight anisotropic stress strongly modifies the high-pressure behavior. According to the pressure-temperature conditions of treatment, three phases, cristobalite-, moganite-, and quartz-like, have been obtained by quenching experiments, and the P–T phase diagram of PON was derived. The high-pressure behavior of the α-quartz, moganite, and cristobalite-like polymorphs of PON and SiO₂ is discussed. Received: 7 August 2000 / Accepted: 21 January 2001     

皮尔斯比率图解在腾冲新生代火山岩研究中的应用

腾冲新生代火山岩属钙碱性系列，可分为四个喷发期，构成两个岩浆旋回：Ｎ＿２－Ｑ＿１为玄武岩—英安岩；Ｑ＿３—Ｑ＿４为玄武岩—安山岩。应用皮尔斯比率图解对其进行研究表明：分离结晶作用是岩石化学成分变异的主要因素；第一旋回的玄武岩浆可能起源于上地幔的部分熔融，经（Ｐｌ＋Ｃｐｘ±Ｏ１±Ｍｔ）矿物组合的分离结晶而形成英安岩浆。英安岩浆在形成或演化过程中受到了地壳物质的轻度混染。该旋回具有张性构造环境中双峰式火成岩套的特点。第二旋回的玄武岩浆可能起源于早期俯冲洋壳的部分熔融，经（Ｍｔ＋Ｐｌ＋Ｃｐｘ±Ｏｐｘ）矿物组合的分离结晶而形成安山岩浆，为安山岩成因的分离结晶模式提供了一个良好的实例。该旋回具有典型的弧火山岩的特点。     

岩石有限应变测量的莫尔圆图解网法

通常进行的应变测量需经过繁杂的数学计算或莫尔圆作图才能获得应变结果。本文介绍了笔者新设计的莫尔圆图解网及其使用方法。它可以快速准确地作出莫尔圆,进而求得应变结果,也可用于求解应力莫尔圆问题。     

Building comparable global change vulnerability assessments: The vulnerability scoping diagram

Advancing vulnerability science depends in part on identifying common themes from multiple, independent vulnerability assessments. Such insights are difficult to produce when the assessments use dissimilar, often qualitative, measures. The Vulnerability Scoping Diagram is presented to facilitate the comparison of assessments with dissimilar measures. The diagram is illustrated with recent research on drought vulnerabilities, showing that common insights into vulnerability may emerge if independent research teams use a common structure for organizing information about exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity—even if the underlying measures differ between assessments. Broadly adopting this technique, which is grounded in the “Eight Steps” methodological protocol [Schröter, D., Polsky, C., Patt, A., 2005. Assessing vulnerabilities to the effects of global change: an eight step approach. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 10(4), 573–595], will enable a vulnerability meta-analysis, the lessons from which may permit places to identify helpful adaptation or mitigation options without first having to conduct their own vulnerability assessments.     

地球化学填图与地球化学块体的谱系分析——编号系统及谱系树图的自动绘制

中国的地球化学填图研究工作起步较早并发展成为在国际上具有明显优势的学科。在此基础上提出的地球化学块体理论通过一定的编号系统绘制谱系树图来追索某元素在块体内部逐步浓集成矿的轨迹。通过谱系树图可以发现不同级别的子块体之间的亲缘关系,研究它们在时间和空间上的分布规律,结合已发现矿床的信息,预测潜在矿床的分布及其储量,从而指导找矿工作。提出了一种全新的谱系编号系统并编制了在计算机上自动绘制谱系树图的软件,同时实现了与原有编号系统的一致,解决了长期以来谱系树图不能自动绘制的问题,为地球化学块体的研究提供了一个很好的工具。     

基于Voronoi图的空间邻近定义与查询

首先在点Voronoi图的基础上,引进了空间目标的Voronoi图的定义,进而论述了空间目标Voronoi图在GIS中定义空间邻近及其邻近查询中的作用。最后给出了部分实验结果。