“千年运河”品牌基因谱系识别与空间分异研究

“千年运河”品牌基因是“千年运河”国家文化旅游品牌塑造和发展的灵魂。本文以中国大运河沿线35个地级及以上城市为研究对象,运用共词分析法,从与大运河相关的网络游记中识别和提取“千年运河”品牌基因谱系。并运用基于机器学习的地理分区方法,进一步分析了“千年运河”品牌基因的空间分异特征。研究结果： ① 构建了由2个基因类别、4个基因维度和14个基因子维度组成的“千年运河”品牌基因识别框架。② 运河核心基因和运河衍生基因主要分布在京杭大运河沿线,隋唐大运河尤其是卫河河段沿线城市的边缘关联基因分布较多。③ 根据“千年运河”品牌基因的分布特征,可将运河沿线城市划分为6类地理区域,每类地理分区中的主导基因、功能定位不同。研究结果为“千年运河”国家文旅品牌塑造与发展提供参考,也为大运河文化遗产完整性保护与传承提供了新的切入点。     

Vegetation and Climate Reconstruction of the Planalto in Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil (Late Glacial and Holocene)

1IntroductionThe ecosystem of Araucaria-Forest is one of the most important plant-associations in South Brazil. Today,however,the spreading area is a fraction of its natural size,originally spread over 200 km. It spanned from 18°to 30°of southern lati-t…     

资源型城市建设用地适宜性评价研究——以济宁市大运河生态经济区为例

以山东省济宁市大运河生态经济区为例,探讨了煤炭资源型城市建设用地适宜性评价的指标体系、评价模型以及GIS技术支持下的分析评价方法.选取自然因素、社会经济因素、生态安全因素3方面8个单因子构成该研究区适宜性评价指标体系,利用模糊层次分析法确定指标权重,基于多因素叠加分析和GIS空间分析方法,设计了四种煤炭塌陷的未来情景,...     

Relations between rainfall–runoff‐induced erosion and aeolian deposition at archaeological sites in a semi‐arid dam‐controlled river corridor

Process dynamics in fluvial‐based dryland environments are highly complex with fluvial, aeolian, and alluvial processes all contributing to landscape change. When anthropogenic activities such as dam‐building affect fluvial processes, the complexity in local response can be further increased by flood‐ and sediment‐limiting flows. Understanding these complexities is key to predicting landscape behavior in drylands and has important scientific and management implications, including for studies related to paleoclimatology, landscape ecology evolution, and archaeological site context and preservation. Here we use multi‐temporal LiDAR surveys, local weather data, and geomorphological observations to identify trends in site change throughout the 446‐km‐long semi‐arid Colorado River corridor in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, where archaeological site degradation related to the effects of upstream dam operation is a concern. Using several site case studies, we show the range of landscape responses that might be expected from concomitant occurrence of dam‐controlled fluvial sand bar deposition, aeolian sand transport, and rainfall‐induced erosion. Empirical rainfall‐erosion threshold analyses coupled with a numerical rainfall–runoff–soil erosion model indicate that infiltration‐excess overland flow and gullying govern large‐scale (centimeter‐ to decimeter‐scale) landscape changes, but that aeolian deposition can in some cases mitigate gully erosion. Whereas threshold analyses identify the normalized rainfall intensity (defined as the ratio of rainfall intensity to hydraulic conductivity) as the primary factor governing hydrologic‐driven erosion, assessment of false positives and false negatives in the dataset highlight topographic slope as the next most important parameter governing site response. Analysis of 4+ years of high resolution (four‐minute) weather data and 75+ years of low resolution (daily) climate records indicates that dryland erosion is dependent on short‐term, storm‐driven rainfall intensity rather than cumulative rainfall, and that erosion can occur outside of wet seasons and even wet years. These results can apply to other similar semi‐arid landscapes where process complexity may not be fully understood. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA     

杭州西湖与运河沉积物铅同位素组成及其示踪意义

西湖底部表层沉积淤泥与沉积柱中沉积物的铅同位素组成存在明显的差异。沉积柱中206Pb/207Pb=1.1906±0.0029(2σ),208Pb/206Pb=2.0858±0.0074(2σ),而表层沉积淤泥的206Pb/207Pb=1.1705～1.1726,208Pb/206Pb=2.1052～2.1069,存在明显的异常。沉积柱中铅同位素组成演变特征表明,西湖沉积柱的上部受到了现代人为的铅污染,污染物厚度35cm左右,其中顶部10cm污染较为严重。与杭州市有关环境样品的铅同位素背景对比表明,西湖的铅污染主要来源于汽车尾气排放铅。运河(杭州段)0～30cm的沉积柱中除个别样品外,206Pb/207Pb=1.1543～1.1705,208Pb/206Pb=2.1011～2.1540,与西湖沉积柱下部沉积物中的铅同位素组成明显不同,而与西湖表层沉积淤泥的铅同位素组成一致,这表明运河沉积物存在显著的铅污染。对比表明,运河铅污染也主要来自汽车尾气,同时煤铅可能也有一定的贡献。根据西湖沉积柱中铅污染的深度与平均沉积速率估计,杭州地区的铅污染开始于1910年代,但到1970年代铅污染明显加剧。     

江河源区水汽输送与收支的时空演变特征分析

江河源区位于青藏高原腹地,是东亚气候变化的敏感区之一,研究水汽的分布、输送及收支对于理解区域降水特征具有重要意义.本研究基于1980-2019年欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的ERA5再分析资料,结合1981-2010年国家气象科学数据中心9个探空站资料,分析了江河源及其毗邻地区水汽分布、输送及各边界水汽收支的时空...     

京杭运河续建工程（山东段）港口建设的几个问题及建议

针对目前京驼河续建工程港口建设的实际情况,分析了影响京杭运河续建工程港口建设的主要问题是投资制品大,原设计规模偏大,港口运量设计船型和装卸机械偏大,并提出了修正港口初步设计和由航运部门兴建逐渐转为乡镇兴建的建议。     

雅鲁藏布大峡谷羚牛牙齿珐琅质碳、氧同位素组成及其环境意义

以雅鲁藏布大峡谷的羚牛为主要研究对象,讨论其牙齿珐琅质羟基磷灰石结构碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素组成与生活环境之间的关系。羚牛牙齿的碳同位素组成分布范围相当宽,且随着栖息地海拔高度的增加而变重,反映了食谱中C₄植物从无到有、由少到多的变化趋势。C₄植物含量最高可能达到70％。这一变化与当地自然带的划分相吻合。羚牛牙齿珐琅质结构碳酸盐的δ¹⁸O值分布范围较窄,与海拔高度之间没有明显的相关性。氧同位素分馏可能与水源和物种均有关。     

运河(杭州段)沉积物磷释放的模拟试验

采用室内模拟的方法研究了扰动情况下运河（杭州段）表层沉积物磷的释放对上覆水的影响以及投加石灰、投加三气氛发化铁、连续曝气、换水清洗等措施对沉积物磷释放的控制效果,研究表明,在扰动、开放体系条件下,运河（杭州段）沉积物磷释放导致的上覆水总磷浓度在释放初期最高,随时间逐渐下降,表现出净吸附,采集于有机污染较重河段的沉积物磷释放能力显著高于总磷含量较高但以重金属污染为主的河段的沉积物,上覆水投加石灰最终导致沉积物磷释放量的增加,投加三氯化铁显著降低了上覆水总磷浓度,上覆水连续曝气降低了上覆水的平衡磷浓度、换水清洗对上覆水磷浓度的降低效果是有限的,然而上述措施均未能将上覆水总磷浓度控制在V类水的浓度限定值以下,因此,就上覆水TP的浓度指标而言,运河（杭州段）沉积物的内源释放对其影响很大。