钻孔弹模法在某核岛岩体力学特性中的应用研究

钻孔试验法的最大优点是可测试深部岩体力学参数(变形模量或弹性模量),为工程支护设计、工程安全性评价提供最为不可缺少的参数。本文结合某核岛工程,介绍了钻孔弹模法在岩体力学特性的工程应用。研究表明:该方法能够反映岩体结构特征,测试获得的压力变形曲线符合实际,规律性良好。在低压力段,变形发展很快,压力与变形曲线呈非线性; 在中压力段,钻孔弹模计的承压板在不断输出增大的压力下与孔壁岩体达到全接触,裂隙闭合,压力与变形曲线接近线性; 在高压力段以上,压力与变形曲线在经历了低压力段非线性,中压力段接近线性后最终呈线性。考虑到岩体本身结构质量变化,弹性模量与变形模量会随深度发生一定的变化。经进一步分析核岛岩体变形模量或弹性模量可知,微风化至新鲜的花岗岩岩体各向异性不明显,部分受裂隙和结构面切割影响的测段岩体模量值小于其他测段,岩体模量比值较大,表现出较强的各向异性。最终,本文还给出了微风化至新鲜的花岗岩变形模量值NS向标准值为24.021.61GPa, EW向标准值为23.921.56GPa,综合变形模量标准值为23.971.10GPa; 弹性模量值NS向标准值为45.152.58GPa; EW向标准值为44.252.57GPa; 综合弹性模量标准值为44.701.79GPa。     

无网格伽辽金法(EFGM)模拟不连续面

无网格伽辽金法（ＥＦＧＭ）是最近出现的一种新的数值方法。该法只需节点信息,不需将节点连成单元;此外,还有精度高、后处理方便等优点。本文论述如何用该法模拟不连续面,并给出算例。     

岩石颗粒破碎的尺寸效应

固体颗粒破碎强度的尺寸效应是一种普遍存在的现象,冰块、岩石颗粒、陶瓷和混凝土块等的破碎强度都表现出随颗粒直径增加而减小的现象,分形模型为解释固体颗粒破碎强度的尺寸效应提供了可行的方法。本文采用Steacy和Sammis分形模型模拟了岩石颗粒压碎特征,分析岩石颗粒破碎后的颗粒分布规律,给出颗粒破碎分维的确定方法,建立颗粒压碎强度与粒径的理论关系,颗粒破碎强度与颗粒粒径的关系用分维D表示为fdD-3。已有的颗粒破碎分布的数据表明,岩石颗粒破碎的分维大约为2.50～2.60,颗粒破碎强度符合用分维表示的尺寸效应。     

研究气温变化趋势的新方法——三组耐抗线

针对气象资料难以满足高斯分布的情况,引进了具有耐抗性的三组耐抗线方法,分析了满足不同信度情况下最小二乘回归和三组耐抗线的差异,并用西藏近30 a气温资料进行了检验。结果表明三组耐抗线方法比最小二乘法研究气候变化趋势有明显优势;采用最小二乘法得到的西藏气候变暖估计偏高。     

近百年中国、北半球和南半球气温内在结构比较(Ⅱ)

气温序列的变化不仅包含月、季、年、百年等不同的时间尺度,而且具有一定的局域性,全球、南半球、北半球和中国的气温变化各不相同．文中利用子波变换极大值线表征的突变点来构造一维映射动力系统的基本原理,研究中国、北半球和南半球气温的异同,从而映证了气候变化的局域性     

气候噪声和气候系统的分维

根据相空间嵌入定理,按照Grassberger和Procaccia提出的计算分数维的方法,利用近百年来南、北半球地面气温资料,估算了气候吸引子的分数维,计算结果表明：气候吸引子的分数维南半球为3.3～3.7,北半球为3.2～3.7。它提供了气候吸引子的自相似结构的基本信息,表明模似气候系统最少需要4个独立变量。另外,还讨论了气候噪声对估算维数的影响。     

Microhydrodynamics of flotation processes in the sea surface layer

The uppermost surface of the ocean forms a peculiarly important ecosystem, the sea surface microlayer (SML). Comprising the top 1–1000 μm of the ocean surface, the SML concentrates many chemical substances, particularly those that are surface active. Important economically as a nursery for fish eggs and larvae, the SML unfortunately is also especially vulnerable to pollution. Contaminants that settle out from the air, have low solubility, or attach to floatable matter tend to accumulate in the SML.Bubbles contribute prominently to the dynamics of air–sea exchanges, playing an important role in geochemical cycling of material in the upper ocean and SML. In addition to the movement of bubbles, the development of a bubble cloud interrelates with the single particle dynamics of all other bubbles and particles. In the early sixties, several in situ oceanographic techniques revealed an “unbelievably immense” number of coastal bubbles of radius 15–300 μm. The spatial and temporal variation of bubble numbers were studied; acoustical oceanographers now use bubbles as tracers to determine ocean processes near the ocean surface. Sea state and rain noises have both been definitively ascribed to the radiation from huge numbers of infant micro bubbles [The Acoustic Bubble. Academic Press, San Diego].Our research programme aims at constructing a hydrodynamic model for particle transport processes occurring at the microscale, in multi-phase flotation suspensions. Current research addresses bubble and floc microhydrodynamics as building blocks for a microscale transport model. This paper reviews sea surface transport processes in the microlayer and the lower atmosphere, and identifies those amenable to microhydrodynamic modelling and simulation. It presents preliminary simulation results including the multi-body hydrodynamic mobility functions for the modelling of “dynamic bubble filters” and floc suspensions. Hydrodynamic interactions versus spatial anisotropy and size of particle clouds are investigated.     

地震序列性质与断层分形关系的探讨

本文依据地震序列的特点给出地震断层的多分形分割模式，并给出ｂ值在时域分段及区域分段下，地震断层局域定标的配分函数建构方法。同时将地震序列的局域化标度及非线性修正与断层的多标度分形联系起来，为断层分割的几何提供一个普适算法。本文推广Ｄ＝Ａｂ给出鞍点估计，并讨论局域波动带来的奇异性与阵发混沌。     

Application Study on Correction Method for Lag of Water Level Response to Earth Tide and Atmospheric Pressure

INTRODUCTIONBased onthe results gathered after manyyears of seismic groundwater observation,itisfoundthatthe water level in deep wells responds to the earth’s tide and atmospheric pressure and changesaccordingly,not onlyin amplitude ,but also in the phase lag by different degrees .Some phase lagslast onlyfor several minutes ,while some last aslong as more than one hour (Zhang Zhaodong,1988 ;Wang Chengmin,1990) .The result of this theoretical research shows that the phase lag response to…     

“广义信息维”在首都圈地震中期预报中的应用

给出了“广义信息维”的计算公式和计算方法，研究了首都圈和周期地区的广义时间分维和华北地区的广义空间分维。结果表明，在该地区Ｍｓ≥５．３地震前０．５－３ａ，时间分维都有一个较明显的降维过程；空间分维也有较好的对应效果，但是存在漏现象。