基于磁异常反演的磁航向误差实时补偿方法

三轴磁力仪是一种常用的磁场测量工具,在地磁导航、海洋磁测、地磁勘探等领域应用较为广泛。作为一种磁场矢量测量工具,三轴磁力仪的磁测误差主要来源于三轴非正交、敏感轴灵敏度不一致及零偏误差等方面,磁力仪的标定优劣影响磁力仪的测量性能。为解决三轴磁力仪的标定问题,建立了磁力仪误差补偿模型,提出了基于正弦拟合的三轴磁力仪标定方法。将磁力仪沿平面旋转时的三轴输出数据拟合成正弦曲线,利用正弦曲线的幅值、初相角和平移量等信息计算出磁力仪的标定参数。仿真结果表明：该方法无需非线性优化过程即可实现标定参数的求解,得到的标定参数与设定值吻合度高;磁测噪声对三轴灵敏度系数及非正交角的计算结果影响较小。     

Tropical land use land cover mapping in Pará (Brazil) using discriminative Markov random fields and multi-temporal TerraSAR-X data

Remote sensing satellite data offer the unique possibility to map land use land cover transformations by providing spatially explicit information. However, detection of short-term processes and land use patterns of high spatial–temporal variability is a challenging task.We present a novel framework using multi-temporal TerraSAR-X data and machine learning techniques, namely discriminative Markov random fields with spatio-temporal priors, and import vector machines, in order to advance the mapping of land cover characterized by short-term changes. Our study region covers a current deforestation frontier in the Brazilian state Pará with land cover dominated by primary forests, different types of pasture land and secondary vegetation, and land use dominated by short-term processes such as slash-and-burn activities. The data set comprises multi-temporal TerraSAR-X imagery acquired over the course of the 2014 dry season, as well as optical data (RapidEye, Landsat) for reference. Results show that land use land cover is reliably mapped, resulting in spatially adjusted overall accuracies of up to 79% in a five class setting, yet limitations for the differentiation of different pasture types remain.The proposed method is applicable on multi-temporal data sets, and constitutes a feasible approach to map land use land cover in regions that are affected by high-frequent temporal changes.     

长江中下游第四纪沉积物发育土壤磁性增强的环境磁学机制

对长江中下游第四纪沉积物 (Q₃ 黄土,Q₂ 红土和Q₃ 红土 )发育土壤的磁性增强现象及其物理机制进行了讨论。结果表明 :(1)铁磁性矿物是土壤磁性的主要载体,它们是成土过程中形成的稳定单畴 (SSD)和超顺磁性 (SP)态的次生磁性矿物,没有显示重要的反铁磁性矿物的贡献;(2 )土壤磁化率 (χ)的高低与成土过程产生的稳定单畴和超顺磁性颗粒呈极显著正相关,指示了风化成土作用的强度,磁化率可作为反映成土环境变化的代用指标;(3)频率磁化率 (χfd) 5 %可作为土壤中的超顺磁性颗粒存在与否的临界值,土壤 χfd值的高低同样反映了风化成土作用的强度,可用作研究第四纪环境变化的有用工具之一。     

地物化方法在航磁异常查证中的应用

航磁异常查证是矿产勘查中的一个重要环节,其目的是通过地面查证,确定异常是否存在,追踪异常源,了解异常源所处的地质环境,对异常作出客观评价,提出进一步工作的建议,为后续资料解释提供依据.通过使用地物化综合方法对黑C-2011-02243号异常查证发现：地质剖面测量和土壤地球化学测量可在地表发现较好的找矿线索;高精度磁测及激电中梯测量则反映了深部地质体及矿化特征.依据查证结果认为,在进行航磁异常查证工作时,可优先进行剖面性的地质、高精度磁法及土壤地球化学测量工作;在分析上述测量结果的基础上安排剖面性的电法测量;如存在进一步找矿信息,可安排面积性物化探测量及工程验证工作.     

电性源瞬变电磁全区视电阻率定义

电性源瞬变电磁法是目前研究的热点,研究该方法的全区视电阻率定义同样很重要.文中给出了一种快速有效的全区视电阻率定义方法,利用该方法可以快速计算电性源瞬变电磁多分量的全区视电阻率.利用均匀半空间磁场强度响应曲线的平移伸缩特性实现视电阻率定义,该算法无需迭代就可以直接计算,速度快,精度高.最后,对比了水平磁场分量和垂直磁场分量定义的全区视电阻率对地层的分辨能力.结果表明,两种分量定义的全区视电阻率有相同的分辨能力,给电性源瞬变电磁法的多分量综合解释技术奠定了理论基础.     

Magnetic fabric of Plio-Pleistocene sediments from the Crotone fore-arc basin: Insights on the recent tectonic evolution of the Calabrian Arc (Italy)

Low-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analyses were performed on 532 samples collected in 36 (mostly lower Pliocene to lower Pleistocene) marine clay sites from the Crotone basin, a fore-arc basin located on top of the external Calabrian accretionary wedge. The Crotone basin formed since mid-late Miocene under a predominant extensional tectonic regime, but it was influenced thereafter by complex interactions with NW–SE left-lateral strike-faults bounding the basin, which also yielded post-1.2 Ma ∼30° counterclockwise block rotations. The basin is filled by continental to marine sediments yielding one of the thickest and best-exposed Neogene succession available worldwide. The deep-marine facies – represented by blue-grey marly clays gave the best results, as they both preserved a clear magnetic fabric, and provided accurate chronology based on previously published magnetostratigraphy and calcareous plankton (i.e. foraminifers and nannofossils) biostratigraphy. Magnetic susceptibility range and rock magnetic analyses both indicate that AMS reflects paramagnetic clay matrix crystal arrangement. The fabric is predominantly oblate to triaxial, the anisotropy degree low (<1.06), and the magnetic foliation mostly subparallel to bedding. Magnetic lineation is defined in 30 out of 36 sites (where the e12 angle is <35°). By also considering local structural analysis data, we find that magnetic fabric was generally acquired during the first tectonic phases occurring after sediment deposition, thus validating its use as temporally dependent strain proxy. Although most of the magnetic lineations trend NW–SE and are orthogonal to normal faults (as observed elsewhere in Calabria), few NE–SW compressive lineations show that the Neogene extensional regime of the Crotone basin was punctuated by compressive episodes. Finally, compressive lineations (prolate magnetic fabric) documented along the strike-slip fault bounding the basin to the south support the significance of Pleistocene strike-slip tectonics. Thus the Crotone basin shows a markedly different tectonics with respect to other internal and western basins of Calabria, as it yields a magnetic fabric still dominated by extensional tectonics but also revealing arc-normal shortening episodes and recent strike-slip fault activity. The tectonics documented in the Crotone basin is compatible with a continuous upper crustal structural reorganization occurring during the SE-migration of the Calabria terrane above the Ionian subduction system.     

东沟特大型斑岩钼矿床的物化探找矿效果

对河南东沟钼矿床的区域物化探成果进行整理、研究,运用物化探资料循序渐进地揭示出钼矿床的空间分布规律.东沟特大型钼矿床的发现,不仅为我国的钼矿产业今后几十年的稳步发展将产生深远的影响,而且为在东秦岭-大别山钼成矿带进一步运用物化探作为充分必要手段,为寻找更多的钼矿资源提供了难得的成功经验.     

青藏高原东部表土磁化率特征与环境意义

现代表土磁化率与气候因子关系的研究是黄土古气候重建的重要内容,在黄土高原地区取得了重要进展,但在青藏高原地区相对不足。在青藏高原东部系统采集了106个表土样品,分析了其磁化率的变化特征;并通过表土磁化率与气候因子的相关分析,讨论了气候因子对高原东部现代表土低频磁化率和频率磁化率的影响。结果表明：研究区表土磁化率特征主要受到温度和降水量的影响,水热组合差异影响表土磁化率值的高低。低频磁化率与气候因子的相关性较弱,总体上与温度的相关性优于降水量,可能表明其与气候因子的关系比较复杂;频率磁化率百分比与降水呈较好的正相关关系,表明该指标对降水量的变化更为敏感,可以用于青藏高原东部的古降水定量重建。     

冬春500hPa高度场与中国夏季降雨场的场相关分析

利用场相关理论，分析了中国大陆6－8月降水场与前期1－5月各月北半球500hPa高度切之间的关系，得到一些有意义的结果，并提出一种研究场与杨之间相关关系的长期天气预报思路和方法。     

正、斜压流场演变及相互转换所伴随的偶极型阻塞生命史

将阻塞过程中的大气运动流场分解为正,斜压流场,研究了它们在乌拉尔山偶极型阻塞个例中的演变特征。揭示了正、斜压流场的演变及相互转换所源发的阻塞生命史的全过程。