Digital modeling studies for evaluation of hydrogeological characteristics in Shadnagar granite basin,Andhra Pradesh,India

The use of digital models has increased significantly in recent years with the accessibility of fast computing machines. A variable dimensioned digital model was constructed for the Shadnagar granite basin using SPECTRUM-7 micro computer to integrate various hydrogeological characteristics and for their quantitative evaluation. The basin has an areal extent of 437 sq km and is demarcated with clear water divides in all directions. Transmissivity, recharge and discharge at each cell of the basin area were estimated by trial and error simulation of the hydrogeological phenomenon under steady state condition. Dynamic simulation at representative nodes facilitated the estimation of storage coefficient. The capability of the constructed model was established by the conformance of the simulated hydrographs with the actual behaviour of the ground water system. The entire studies ammended the earlier arrived estimates of various input/output hydrogeological parameters and evolved a methodology for efficient processing of aquifer simulation data     

顺层岩质边坡开挖模型试验及稳定性影响因素分析

用地质力学模型试验方法,对顺层岩质边坡进行开挖破坏试验。同时在有限元分析的基础上,采用多层结构模型对顺层岩质路堑边坡稳定性的影响因素进行了分析。指出当边坡走向与岩层走向夹角超过30后,边坡发生顺层滑动破坏的可能性很小,基本上可不视为顺层边坡。同时也阐明了岩层倾角以及结构面抗剪强度对顺层岩质边坡稳定性的影响。文中结论可为顺层岩质边坡的科研、设计和施工提供参考。     

地下结构孕险环境危险性预警的改进SVM模型

针对地震作用下孕险环境样本数据有限、复杂非线性等特点,提出了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机的地下结构孕险环境危险性预警方法。围绕地震后效应的地下工程区域孕险环境危险性预警目标和特征参数,设计孕险环境危险性问题的向量机表示形式,提出孕险环境危险性支持向量机训练工作机制,利用支持向量机结构风险最小化原则和非线性映射特性,建立基于最小二乘支持向量机的地下结构孕险环境危险性预警模型及其算法组件,并利用遗传算法优化其惩罚函数和核函数参数,隐式表达孕险环境危险性与其影响因素之间的非线性关系。结果表明,模型具有有效的小样本学习能力,具有较高的拟合和预测精度,明显优于神经网络等预测模型。     

成都粘土裂隙成因研究

根据成都粘土中裂隙特征与地质环境条件的分析，提出成都粘土中途中眩要裂隙类型的成因模式，上升剥蚀引起的垂向卸荷作用产生波状水平裂隙，冲沟切割引起的侧向卸荷作用，产生平行斜列隙裂。     

大地电磁测深二维地形影响及其校正方法研究

采用有限元法实现ＭＴ二维模型的正演模拟,将地形条件下的二维地电模型的ＭＴ响应分解为地形引起的畸变场和与测点高程位置有关的稳定场两部分进行分析。用有限元法模拟二维地形条件下地电结构的ＭＴ 响应和纯地形的ＭＴ响应,采用比值法消除地形引起的干扰场,然后,将消除地形影响后的视电阻率值通过延拓方法获水平地形条件下二维地电结构的视电阻率分布,完善大地电磁测深视电阻率曲线的地形校正。     

因子计量模型法在区域地球化学勘查中的应用

因子分析结果受样品数量的影响，同一件样品的因子计量也随之发生变化，使传统因子计量方法在地球化学数据处理中的应用受到一定的限制。因子计量模型法综合了因子计量的优点和利用模型找矿的思路，通过选定的某一典型地质单元计算因子计量系数矩阵，建立因子计量模型，用模型类比未知区。该方法使因子计量图的地球化学意义更加明确，并且可节省重新处理数据的工作量。因子计量模型方法和传统因子计量方法应用于某地区1：20万水系沉积物地球化学数据处理，因子计量模型法得出的地球化学异常规律性更为明显，更好地反映了区域地质构造与异常的关联性，有利于异常的解释和评价。     

Installation of a vertical slurry wall around an Italian quarry lake: complications arising and simulation of the effects on groundwater flow

Slurry walls are non-structural barriers that are constructed underground to impede groundwater flow or manage groundwater control problems. The study area is in the Piemonte plain (Italy), close to the River Po. Quarrying works carried out below the piezometric surface created two big quarry lakes. The local groundwater system is characterized by a lower semi-confined aquifer, which is overlain by a semi-permeable bed of clayey peat (aquitard) and an upper unconfined aquifer. Locally, the peat fades away and the granulometry of this horizon becomes silty sandy. A planned enlargement of the quarry will increase the size and depth of the quarry lakes. So the aquitard bed between the two aquifers will be damaged, creating a mixing rate of groundwater. Such a procedure would not be compatible with the presence of two municipal wells upstream from the quarries. Consequently, the installation of a vertical diaphragm (slurry wall) is recommended to separate the aquifers and to act as a filter for the groundwater flowing from the unconfined to the semi-confined aquifer. To predict the consequences caused by the installation of the vertical diaphragm separating the unconfined aquifer and the semi-confined one, a specifically adjusted finite-difference model was used. The model showed a maximum rising of the water table equal to 12 cm, just upstream of the diaphragm and for a distance of about 100 m, and a maximum lowering of 2 cm just downstream of the diaphragm. However, the slurry wall would not cause any change in the piezometric head in the area where there are municipal wells and, hence, will not have any negative effect on the functionality of the municipal wells. Moreover, the migration of water from the unconfined aquifer through the vertical diaphragm will stimulate a series of attenuation and auto-depuration processes of eventual contaminants. These processes are due to the higher crossing time that the groundwater flow takes to go through the vertical barrier (t _a = 96.5 days, whereas for the horizontal semi-permeable layer t _a = 9.6 days). So, the vertical diaphragm can be a resolutive element, representing a mediation and separation factor between the unconfined and the semi-confined aquifers along the border of the quarrying areas, and a protective barrier for the water quality of the quarry lake and the semi-confined aquifer.     

Strain analysis in Jurassic argillites of the Monte Sirino area (Lagonegro Zone,southern Apennines,Italy) and implications for deformation paths in pelitic rocks

Analysis of strain in Jurassic argillites forming part of the folded and thrusted sedimentary succession of the Lagonegro basin (southern Italian Apennines) has been carried out using ellipsoid-shaped reduction spots as strain markers. Most of the determined finite strain ellipsoids are of oblate type and show a peculiar distribution of the maximum extension direction (X), with maxima either subparallel or subperpendicular to the local fold axes. Using the strain matrix method, two different deformation histories have been considered to assist the interpretation of the observed finite strain pattern. A first deformation history involved vertical compaction followed by horizontal shortening (occurring by a combination of true tectonic strain and volume loss), whereby all strain is coaxial and there is no change in the intermediate axis of the strain ellipsoid. By this type of deformation sequence, which produces a deformation path where total strain moves from the oblate to the prolate strain field and back to the oblate field, prolate strain ellipsoids can be generated and may be recorded where tectonic deformation has not been large enough to reverse pretectonic compaction. This type of deformation history may be of local importance within the study area (i.e. it may characterize some fold hinge regions) and, more generally, is probably of limited occurrence in deformed pelitic rocks. A second deformation sequence considered the superposition of pre-tectonic compaction and tectonic strain consisting of initial layer-parallel shortening followed by layer-parallel shear (related to flexural folding). Also in this instance, volume change during tectonic deformation and tectonic plane strain have been assumed. For geologically reasonable amounts of volume loss due to compaction and of initial layer-parallel shortening, this type of deformation history is capable of producing a deformation path entirely lying within the oblate strain field, but still characterized by a changeover, during deformation, of the maximum extension axis (X) from a position parallel to the fold axis to one perpendicular to it. This type of deformation sequence may explain the main strain features observed in the study area, where most of the measured finite strain ellipsoids, determined from the limb regions of flexural folds, display an oblate shape, irrespective of the orientation of their maximum extension direction (X) with respect to the local structural trends. More generally, this type of deformation history provides a mechanism to account for the predominance of oblate strains in deformed pelitic rocks.     

1976年唐山地震震时和震后变形的模拟

本文采用三维粘弹性有限元方法拟合唐山地区１９７６—１９８５年观测到的地震震时和震后的水平与垂直地形变,反演华北板块下方深部物质的流变学性质．模型采用多层弹性覆盖层与线性粘弹性层的有限块体,发展断层面上存在着位错运动,并用正交设计法拟合观测数据．模拟计算表明,华北板块下方软流层粘度为７．１×１０１８Ｐａ·ｓ;上地幔粘度为２．１×１０１９Ｐａ·ｓ．