U-Pb Zircon Geochronology with an Integrated LA-ICP-MS Microanalytical Workstation: Achievements in Precision and Accuracy

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a microanalytical tool especially suitable for providing fast and precise U-Pb geochronological results on zircon grains. A new 193 nm excimer laser adapted to a micromachining workstation, equipped with a newly designed two-volume ablation cell and coupled with a quadrupole ICP-MS, is presented here. The system was tuned routinely to achieve sensitivities in the range of 3000 cps/μg g⁻¹ for ²³⁸U (< 2% RSD), with a 34 μm spot size, at 5 Hz and ∼ 8 J cm⁻², while ablating the NIST SRM 612 glass reference material. The system was capable of providing fast (< 1.5 minutes each analysis) and precise (generally < 1.5% 1s errors) ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U zircon ages. The ages of widely used reference material zircons (Plesovice, 337 Ma; Temora, 416 Ma; R33, 418 Ma; Sri Lanka, 564 Ma; 91500, 1065 Ma) could be precisely matched, with an accuracy on isotopic ratios that ranged from ∼ 2 to ∼ 6%, depending on the homogeneity of the natural reference materials.     

郑州市大气气溶胶数浓度和质量浓度时空变化研究

利用激光粒子计数器和颗粒物自动测定仪测量的郑州市大气气溶胶粒子的数浓度和质量浓度,分析了局地气溶胶的干沉降和湿沉降以及郑州市大气气溶胶数浓度和质量浓度的时空变化,结果表明:郑州市局地区域大气气溶胶中粒径≥2μm的粒子,沉降速度随粒径的增大而增大,而粒径≤0.3μm的粒子,沉降速度变化不大;湿沉降率大于干沉降率。气溶胶浓度有明显的日变化特征,17:00-19:00为最高峰,6:00-9:00为次高峰,这是早晨及下午上下班汽车运行高峰期向大气排放的尾气和汽车扬尘所致。在垂直分布上,45-80 m处的粒子数多于1.5 m处的粒子数;在水平分布上,交通建筑区内的浓度高于其他功能区的浓度。     

星系金属丰度的研究进展(Ⅱ):光度-金属丰度关系

金属丰度与星系光度是星系的重要特征参量,研究它们之间的关系有助于理解星系中恒星质量与金属成分的累积过程。评述了星系的光度-金属丰度关系的最新研究进展,包括对近邻星系、中等红移星系(0．42)的研究结果．由于观测样本跨越较宽的宇宙学时标,可以由此来探讨这一关系的演化过程,从而帮助理解星系演化的整体图景。     

Calculation of flow distribution in air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field by simplifying air flow model

By simplifying the characters in the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field, the authors used air dynamics and fluid mechanics to calculate the air distribution in the bit and obtained an equation of flow distribution with a unique resolution. This study will provide help for making certain the bit parameters of the bit structure effectively and study the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field character deeply.     

Recent evolution and mass balance of Cordón Martial glaciers, Cordillera Fueguina Oriental

Past and present glacier changes have been studied at Cordón Martial, Cordillera Fueguina Oriental, Tierra del Fuego, providing novel data for the Holocene deglaciation history of southern South America and extrapolating as well its future behavior based on predicted climatic changes. Regional geomorphologic and stratigraphic correlations indicate that the last glacier advance deposited the ice-proximal (“internal”) moraines of Cordón Martial, around 330 ¹⁴C yr BP, during the Late Little Ice Age (LLIA). Since then glaciers have receded slowly, until 60 years ago, when major glacier retreat started. There is a good correspondence for the past 100 years between the surface area variation of four small cirque glaciers at Cordón Martial and the annual temperature and precipitation data of Ushuaia. Between 1984 and 1998, Martial Este Glacier lost 0.64 ± 0.02 × 10⁶ m³ of ice mass (0.59 ± 0.02 × 10⁶ m³ w.e.), corresponding to an average ice thinning of 7.0 ± 0.2 m (6.4 ± 0.2 m w.e), according to repeated topographic mapping. More detailed climatic data have been obtained since 1998 at the Martial Este Glacier, including air temperature, humidity and solar radiation. These records, together with the monthly mass balance measured since March 2000, document the annual response of the Martial Este Glacier to the climate variation. Mass balances during hydrological years were positive in 2000, negative in 2001 and near equilibrium in 2002. Finally, using these data and the regional temperature trend projections, modeled for different future scenarios by the Atmosphere-Ocean Model (GISS-NASA/GSFC), potential climatic-change effects on this mountain glacier were extrapolated. The analysis shows that only the Martial Este Glacier may survive this century.     

The white dwarf luminosity function – II. The effect of the measurement errors and other biases

The disc white dwarf luminosity function is an important tool for studying the solar neighbourhood, since it allows the determination of several Galactic parameters, the most important one being the age of the Galactic disc. However, only the     method has been employed so far for observationally determining the white dwarf luminosity function, whereas for other kind of luminosity functions several other methods have been frequently used. Moreover, the procedures to determine the white dwarf luminosity function are not free of biases. These biases have two different origins: they can either be of statistical nature or a consequence of the measurement errors. In a previous paper we carried out an in-depth study of the first category of biases for several luminosity function estimators. In this paper we focus on the biases introduced by the measurement errors and on the effects of the degree of contamination of the input sample used to build the disc white dwarf luminosity function by different kinematical populations. To assess the extent of these biases we use a Monte Carlo simulator to generate a controlled synthetic population and analyse the behaviour of the disc white dwarf luminosity function for several assumptions about the magnitude of the measurement errors and for several degrees of contamination, comparing the performances of the most robust luminosity function estimators under such conditions.     

Calculation of flow distribution in air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field by simplifying air flow model

By simplifying the characters in the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field, the authors used air dynamics and fluid mechanics to calculate the air distribution in the bit and obtained an equation of flow distribution with a unique resolution. This study will provide help for making certain the bit parameters of the bit structure effectively and study the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field character deeply.     

中国新生代古地形演化的初步模型

新生代，中国地形景观发生了巨大变化，从早期的西倾地形变为现今的东倾地形，这种地形倒转可能是诱发亚洲乃至全球新生代气候环境格局总体改变的主要根源。本文基于流线场理论和向东挤出的构造假说，采用物质平衡方法，对中国新生代古地形演化进行半定量初步研究，结果显示中国新生代古地形演化呈现西部大幅度快速隆升，东部渐进式降低，中部变化较小的变化过程，总体地势的转变过程在50－40Ma期间内已基本完成，此后地势差距逐渐加剧，中国现今的地形格局是在近10Ma期间内最后形成。     

龙塘山2号大桥岸坡破坏模式的离散元模拟

以龙塘山 2号大桥为工程背景 ,在综合考虑桥基岸坡的工程地质条件尤其是岩体结构的基础上 ,建立了数值分析模型 ,采用离散元法对该桥 10 #墩所处岸坡的破坏模式进行了模拟。模拟结果表明 :( 1)龙塘山 2号大桥 10 #墩所处岸坡基本稳定 ;( 2 )施工时 ,应对既有公路上方岸坡坡顶及坡面可能崩滑岩块进行预清除与加固 ;( 3)根据岸坡破坏趋势可得其稳定坡角为 5 0°     

贡嘎山海螺沟冰川物质平衡、水交换特征及其对径流的影响

在贡嗄山海螺沟冰川研究的基础上，提出计算该冰川物质平衡的两种方法，获得了较一致的结果，表明近10a来物质平衡平均为－470mm，与高亚洲边缘山脉的冰种同样处于强烈的衰退状态，该冰川有很高的物质平衡水平（2544mm)及水交换水平（3819mm)，液相比例高（1／3），较小的稳定性系数（0．20），具有典型的季风海洋型冰川的水交换特征，由于冰川退缩冰川径流增加，预计2020年将达到临界状态，在气候持续暖变湿情况下，预测临界状态将延至2050年左右，冰川面积及储量将大幅度减少小。