Paleo-redox depositional conditions inferred from trace metal accumulation in two Cretaceous-Paleocene organic-rich sequences from Central Egypt

Cretaceous-Paleocene organic-rich sediments in Egypt occur as an east-west trending belt extending from the Quseir-Safaga district (Red Sea) to the Kharga-Dakhla (Western Desert) region. They are associated with the Duwi Formation (phosphate-bearing) and the overlying Dakhla Formation (deeper epicontinental shale/marl). This study aims to reconstruct the paleo-redox conditions during deposition of these thermally immature organic-rich sediments using carbon-sulfur-iron systematics and trace metal proxies in two cores, one each from the Quseir and Abu Tartur areas. Paleoproductivity, based on P content, seems to have been higher in the Quseir section than in the Abu Tartur section. The Quseir section also records a relatively greater occurrence of anoxic conditions during the accumulation of these sediments than the Abu Tartur section. This difference is indicated by its markedly higher total organic carbon (TOC) content as well as higher contributions of redox-sensitive and sulfide-forming metals (Mo, U, Ni, V, and Co). A weak correlation exists between S and TOC, and a positive S intercept (>1) was observed in most of the rock units of the study sections. A high consistency between the TOC-S-Fe relations and trace metals findings was found. The uppermost Duwi and the lowermost Dakhla strata, which have the highest TOC and represent a maximum sea transgression during the Late Cretaceous, have the highest contents of redox-sensitive trace metals. The carbonate-dominated transgressive Baris and Beida members of the Dakhla Formation record relatively stronger oxygen-depleted conditions during their accumulation than others, which led to relatively higher TOC contents and redox-sensitive metal accumulations. A scenario for the environmental conditions that existed during the deposition of these organic-rich successions, based on compiled trace metals and TOC-S-Fe implications, is reconstructed here.     

地理国情普查试点成果综合分析

城镇服务设施布局的评价与分析是地理国情普查综合统计分析城镇化发展的重要内容。针对当前城镇化发展不平衡,生活服务设施空间布局不合理的情况,该文利用克拉玛依市独山子区地理国情普查试点成果,结合专题数据,采用GIS网络分析方法,在独山子区城镇综合设施之间配置最短最优路径。耦合结果表明:老城区卫生资源分布较合理,但是教育资源和整体服务设施分布却过于集中。这种方法还可以进一步用于优化城镇功能单元布局与服务保障设施点的建设,完善居民出行、教育、日常生活和文化服务等方面。     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗雅干地区二叠系埋汗哈达组烃源岩的特征

在对额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系-二叠系的分布特征、岩性特征和沉积环境进行初步研究的基础上,通过对烃源岩展布、有机质丰度和热演化史的研究,结合储、盖务件与保存条件评价,总结了区内石炭系-二叠系油气地质条件.区内残留了厚数千米的上石炭统-上二叠统,岩性组合为碎屑岩+碳酸盐岩+火山岩,反映了裂谷型盆地的沉积特征.广泛发育的浅海陆棚相泥页岩具有较好的生烃条件,以Ⅱ-Ⅲ类干酪根为主,TOC含量中等,R_0一般为0.79%～1.08%,烃源岩演化以成熟为主,部分剖面受构造动力作用的影响达到过成熟.受盆地沉积与演化的控制,区内发育滨岸相砂砾岩、台地斜坡相生物碎屑灰岩、火山碎屑岩(或火山角砾岩)、火山熔岩、风化壳等多种类型的储集层.广泛分布的白垩系为良好的区域盖层,主要成烃期之后的构造作用以坳陷沉降或挤压抬升为主,有利于油气系统的保存.获得了一些与石炭系-二叠系烃源岩有关的油气赋存的信息,显示区内石炭系-二叠系具有良好的油气资源前景.     

Taxonomic composition and seasonality of diatoms in three Dinaric karstic lakes in Croatia

The composition and temporal distribution of planktonic diatoms were studied in three small shallow karstic lakes – Modro Oko, Desne, and Kuti – throughout the seasons in 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998. Physico-chemical parameters did not differ among the three lakes, except for NO₃ concentrations. Altogether, 137 diatom taxa within 41 genera were found in all three lakes combined. The highest number of taxa belonged to the genera Surirella (13), Navicula (12), andCymbella (9). Most taxa were tychoplanktonic, with true panktonic taxa contributing only 14% of the total. Despite their physical-chemical similarity, the lakes showed differences in the structure and dynamics of their diatom communities. Blooms occurred at different times in each of the lakes, and community similarity (Jaccard index) among all three was low (17.6–29.1%). The highest mean values of surface diatom abundance in Modro Oko (2199 cells L⁻¹), Desne (7900 cells L⁻¹), and Kuti (20690 cells L⁻¹) were not significantly different. Margalef's species richness index did not differ either among the lakes or seasonally. Only five diatom taxa in quantitative samples, and 22 taxa in net-samples, were common to all lakes. The most frequent diatoms were Cyclotella striata (56–93%), Fragilaria ulna (50–67%), and Asterionella formosa (27–83%). The most abundant taxa in Modro Oko, Desne, and Kuti were, respectively, Cymbella sp. 1 (402 cells L⁻¹), Cyclotella striata (3000 cells L⁻¹) and Asterionella formosa (20690 cells L⁻¹). Eighteen taxa were recorded for the first time in Croatia: Amphora commutata, Caloneis amphisbaena var. subsalina, C. silicula var. peisonis, Campylodiscus echeneis, Coscinodiscus lacustris, Denticula elegans, Gyrosigma acuminatum var. lacustre, G. distortum var. parkeri, G. fasciola, Navicula menisculus var. menisculus, N. pusilla, N. helensis, Stauroneis parvula var. prominula, Staurosira construens f. subsalina, Stephanodiscus sp. 1, Surirella gracilis, S. ovalis, and S. striatula. The genus Stephanodiscus was recorded for the first time in Croatia.     

康古尔塔格硅灰石矿床地质特征与成矿条件分析

作者首次在该区找到了硅灰石矿。在专题研究基础上，分析了区域地层、构造、岩浆活动和硅灰石矿床地质特征等，提出该硅灰石矿主要产于康古尔断裂带内的花岗岩与碳酸盐地层接触带，属矽卡岩型硅灰石矿。对区内花岗岩、碳酸盐地层、矽卡岩、大地构造等硅灰石成矿条件作了分析，初步提出了该矿主要应用领域为建筑陶瓷工业。     

Inversion of two-dimensional tidal open boundary conditions of M<Subscript>2</Subscript> constituent in the Bohai and Yellow Seas

Two-dimensional tidal open boundary conditions of the M2 constituent in the Bohai and Yellow Seas(BYS) have been estimated by assimilating T/P altimeter data.During inversion,independent point(IP) strategy was used,in which several IPs on the open boundary is assumed,values at these IPs can be optimized with an adjoint method,and those at other grid points are determined by linearly interpolating the values at IPs.The reasonability and feasibility of the model are tested by ideal twin experiments.In the practical experiment(PE) after assimilation,the cost function may reach 1% or less of its initial value.Mean absolute errors in amplitude and phase can be less than 5 cm and 5°,respectively,and the obtained co-chart can show the character of the M2 constituent in the BYS.The results of the PE indicate that using only two IPs on the open boundary can yield better simulated results.     

基于附有限制条件的多项式模型建立中国区域电离层模型

利用IGS站的实测数据,采用最小二乘多项式模型建立中国区域电离层延迟模型。由于该模型各时段间连续性不强,故对其附加时空域上的限制条件。结果表明,附有限制条件的多项式模型保证了模型的连续性,在一定程度上能更好地反映电离层随时间的变化特性。采用该模型,研究分析中国区域电离层的周日、季节变化特性。     

利用量子力学势能数据预测温度、压力、盐度和沉积物孔径对甲烷水合物形成和分解的影响

介绍一个预测不同温度、压力、盐度和沉积物毛细管孔径条件下甲烷水合物 溶液 气体多相平衡模型。该模型以Van der Waals和 Platteeuw热力学模型、量子力学从头算粒子相互作用势能、DMW 92状态方程和Pitzer电解质理论为基础,能在很宽广温压范围内预测温度、压力、盐度和毛细管力对甲烷水合物形成和分解的影响。通过对比本模型的预测结果与实验数据,可知本模型能够准确地预测海水和多孔介质中甲烷水合物的相平衡条件。对于一定盐度下多孔介质中甲烷水合物的形成温压条件的在线计算可浏览: www.geochem model.org/models.htm。     

The Forming Conditions of and Ore-searching Direction for B, Mg,Pb, Zn and Au Deposits in the Liaoji Proterozoic Rift

The Proterozoic was the first of severa1 impor-tant transitional periods in the earth's evolutionaryhistory. Linear .rifts over1apped on the b4se ofArchean granite -- greenstone and high -- grade gneissregimes. Along with the formation and evolution ofthe…