切向流速探头简介

切向流速探测器是海洋湍流探测中基本的和必要的工具。该探测器可用压电陶瓷双金属片作其传感器。本文介绍了一种目前国际上常用的切向流速探头的结构、制作方法、工作原理、测定其灵敏度的装置、步骤以及在用回归法拟合实验曲线求灵敏度时所用的回归方程。文中还证明了多年来一些海洋学家所采用的拟合函数并非是最佳的。     

新形势下学会工作探索

介绍了学会的组织形式与基本功能；研究、分析市场经济条件下学会遇到的新问题，指出学会需在多方面改革，才能适应新形势、得到发展；结合实际工作对学会活动进行了一些创新性探索。     

线圈释放式温、盐、深探头运动特性的数值计算方法研究

线圈释放式温、盐、深探头从空中定点投放，入水后测量海洋不同海水层面上的温度和盐度，因此必须知识探头各个时刻的入水距离，以与获得的温、盐数据对应。本文对其运动特性进行了数值计算，并在计算中考虑了探头质量和排水体积的变化。利用已有的形状完全相同但不释放线圈的探头实验资料，拟合出了探头在海水中的阻力系数与雷诺数的关系式。并且分析了探头入水瞬间速度损失的影响。     

Data assimilation methods for estimating a heterogeneous conductivity field by assimilating transient solute transport data via ensemble Kalman filter

An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is developed to identify a hydraulic conductivity distribution in a heterogeneous medium by assimilating solute concentration measurements of solute transport in the field with a steady‐state flow. A synthetic case with the mixed Neumann/Dirichlet boundary conditions is designed to investigate the capacity of the data assimilation methods to identify a conductivity distribution. The developed method is demonstrated in 2‐D transient solute transport with two different initial instant solute injection areas. The influences of the observation error and model error on the updated results are considered in this study. The study results indicate that the EnKF method will significantly improve the estimation of the hydraulic conductivity field by assimilating solute concentration measurements. The larger area of the initial distribution and the more observed data obtained, the better the calculation results. When the standard deviation of the observation error varies from 1% to 30% of the solute concentration measurements, the simulated results by the data assimilation method do not change much, which indicates that assimilation results are not very sensitive to the standard deviation of the observation error in this study. When the inflation factor is more than 1.0 to enlarge the model error by increasing the forecast error covariance matrix, the updated results of the hydraulic conductivity by the data assimilation method are not good at all. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国首次发现的氟闪叶石矿物学特征

闪叶石族矿物是富含Sr、Na、Ca和Ba等的钛硅酸盐矿物的总称,迄今共有19个矿物种,其中的氟闪叶石矿物首次发现于巴西Serrote山碱性岩中。本文利用电子探针和X射线衍射仪等分析测试手段,从化学成分和晶体结构等方面对产出于中国辽宁赛马碱性岩体中的闪叶石族矿物进行了详细的矿物学特征研究,发现其中常呈柱状、针状和纤维状集合体产出的闪叶石的晶体化学式为(Sr_1.00Na_1.00)_Σ2.00Ti₂(Na_1.98Sr_0.33Mn_0.26K_0.12Mg_0.10Ca_0.09Ba_0.05)_Σ2.93(Ti_0.69Fe³⁺_0.33Al_0.02)_Σ1.04(Si_3.80O₁₄) O₂(F_1.16OH_0.84)_Σ2.00,属于单斜晶系,空间群为C2/m,晶胞参数a=19.271 9(8) Å,b=7.077 9(3) Å, c=5.388 2(2) Å, β=96.780(2)°, V=729.84(5) ų, Z=2。上述矿物学特征均与巴西发现的新矿物氟闪叶石的矿物学特征一致,表明赛马碱性岩体产出的氟闪叶石堪称该矿物种在中国的首次发现。不仅如此,赛马碱性岩体也有闪叶石产出,而且,迄今已发现多个新矿物,寓示该岩体仍有良好的新矿物发现前景。     

黔西南架底金矿床载金黄铁矿的矿物学特征及金的赋存规律研究

黔西南地区是中国卡林型金矿的主要产地之一,架底金矿作为黔西南地区近年来在玄武岩中新发现的卡林型金矿床,其金的赋存状态一直备受关注。前人研究表明,含砷黄铁矿是架底金矿的主要载金矿物,然而对架底金矿载金黄铁矿以及金的赋存规律一直缺乏深入的研究。文章结合野外实际调研以及室内显微岩相观察研究,首先对矿区黄铁矿进行了期次的划分;然后利用电子探针微区成分分析方法对不同期次的黄铁矿进行研究,结果显示:架底金矿的黄铁矿中,S、As具有明显的负相关性,Au、As存在一定的相关关系,成矿前黄铁矿与成矿期、成矿后的黄铁矿核部具高S、Fe,低As、Au等相似的特征,成矿期黄铁矿的环带具高As、Au的特征,与成矿后的环带(高As不含Au)相比较具明显差异,两者属于不同的热液事件。据此判断矿区载金黄铁矿的结晶顺序为:草莓状低砷无环带黄铁矿→含砷环带黄铁矿(含金)以及均质无环带的细粒黄铁矿→高砷环带黄铁矿(不含金)。这一结论对架底金矿找矿勘查工作具有一定的指示意义。     

应用电子探针技术研究桂西南下雷锰矿床锰钾矿的结构特征

八面体分子筛(OMS-2)具有2×2孔道结构,在离子交换、催化剂、能源和环境等方面具有非常重要的应用价值,然而天然OMS-2矿物材料——锰钾矿在典型结构的成分精细表征和成因研究等方面仍然缺乏.环带和核-边结构在锰氧化物矿物的结构中非常具有代表性,明确其矿物种属、探索其成分特征对于探究其成因、开拓锰氧化物的应用具有重要意...     

宋代西村窑与耀州窑青瓷胎釉化学组成特征

利用微聚焦X射线荧光光谱仪对西村窑与耀州窑18件青瓷标本进行原位无损分析检测,结果表明,两个窑口大部分瓷胎中均具有高Al2O3低SiO2的特征;西村窑在瓷胎的主量元素中,具有高K2O低TFe2O3的特征;而在微量元素中,西村窑具有低Cr、Zr、Sr,高Rb的特征;两个窑口的瓷釉中均选用草木灰作为助熔剂,耀州窑的瓷釉均属钙釉,而西村窑瓷釉中既有钙釉也有钙碱釉,同时西村窑瓷釉具有低Sr、高Rb的特征。这些特征将会为西村窑瓷器产地判别提供非常重要的科学依据。     

GGR Biennial Review: Key Advances in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry in the Geological Sciences during the Period 2008–2009

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS or ion microprobe) remains one of the most powerful techniques in the analytical geochemist’s toolkit. The key strength of SIMS is its capacity to provide trace element and isotope data at sampling sizes which are not approached by other methods. As compared with the main competing technique of laser ablation-ICP-MS, SIMS commonly provides a total sampling mass some 10 to 500 times smaller; this feature can be the deciding factor as to whether an analytical objective is technically achievable. Additional strengths of SIMS lie in the areas of depth profiling and trace element imaging. Though perhaps not as commonly used in the geosciences, these two operational modes represent unique capabilities of SIMS.