云南莫霍面形状与大型矿床空间关系探讨

以32个大型金属矿床为例，探讨其与莫霍面形态，空间关系及其相关的问题，应用的莫霍面图可靠程度较高，莫霍面形态复杂，地幔坳陷分坳陷带和坳陷区两大类，大小不一，统计显示，大型矿床平均分布于规模较大的幔坳中心两侧22km范围内，其原因可能有三：一是界面金属原子的能量比内部要大得多，它的活动性增强，有利于成矿作用的进行，二是边缘成矿效应，三是坳陷两侧往往被超壳断裂切穿，成为矿液上升的通道和赋矿场所，提出云县－勐海、兰坪东支杆－三山及宾川小龙潭三个预测区，认为思茅以东 江以北及昆明－石屏等幔坳带两侧，均是寻找大型矿床的有利区带。     

胶东招掖矿集区巨量金质来源和流体成矿效应

胶东招掖大型金矿集中区的形成是一个多期次、多来源的复杂过程.胶东群正变质岩的原岩——太古代拉斑玄武岩为初始矿源岩;太古代-元古代胶东群、荆山群和粉子山群变质岩为中间矿源岩;中生代剪切重熔岩浆岩——玲珑型花岗岩和郭家岭型花岗岩是成矿物质的主要直接提供者;郭家岭型花岗岩还起到"热机"作用;而蓬莱群及滦家河型花岗岩提供成矿物质的可能性较小.金的成矿作用是在古老地幔分异出的太古代拉斑玄武岩基础上,经韧性剪切→区域变质→岩浆重熔等构造热动力作用逐步富集的过程.岩浆侵入后,形成以岩体为中心的凸形热场,是流体成矿作用的主要动力之一.成矿流体的流速可以促进混合热液的生长,剪切破碎带是强烈输运-反应耦合成矿的有利场所.地幔富C-H-O流体、中-下部地壳富硅流体、浅-表部富硫流体3个层次流体相互沟通、混合,导致流体循环持续时间增长,萃取围岩有用元素增多,成矿元素丰度升高,并最终形成胶东招掖金矿集中区.     

Interpretation of pumping test data from large diameter wells on an oceanic island

 Estimation of aquifer parameters is vital for the assessment of groundwater potential and groundwater flow regime. On an oceanic island where fresh water lens is fragile and sensitive to various stresses, it is even more essential that in order to assess the potential of fresh water lens and the effect of various stresses on the fresh groundwater regime the parameters should be representative to the field hydrogeological set up. Pumping tests conducted on existing large diameter wells on an oceanic island have been analyzed. A finite difference method has been used to take into account the well storage, partial penetration and upconing effect into the aquifer. Forward modeling has been carried out to estimate aquifer parameters from the pumping test data. Field examples are described. Received: 15 June 1998 · Accepted: 25 August 1998     

某滑坡的应急防治

对于大型滑坡，弄清其复活变形机制，消除或削弱不利于稳定的主要因素，充分利用其自身的抗滑能力进行分期整治，具有重要意义。分析了某滑坡应急防治的背景和工程概况及效果，实践证明，分期整治大型滑坡这是一种有益的尝试     

甚低频电场水平分量非接地地表测量法

指出了1种利用不接地偶极天线测量甚低频电场水平分量的地表测量法,并给出了其理论依据和实测数据,验证了方法的可靠性和可行性,在工程应用方面具有一定价值。     

Check of Earth’s free oscillations excited by Sumatra-Andaman Large Earthquake and discussions on the anisotropy of inner core

Sumatra-Andaman Large Earthquake on Dec. 26, 2004 generated not only the Indian Ocean Tsunami but also the Earth’s free oscillations (EFO). The signals of Earth’s free oscillations were perfectly recorded by the superconducting gravimeter C0-32 at Wuhan station in China. After the pre-treatment and spectral analysis on the observational data from Wuhan station, we obtained more than ninety EFO modes including 42 fundamental modes, 2 radial modes and 49 harmonic modes. On the basis of the discussions on some observed harmonic modes and abnormal splitting phenomena, we considered that the real rigidity might be lower than the theoretical prediction of PREM model in the inner core and however the anisotropy of compressive wave was brightly higher than the present estimations in the inner core. This suggested that the anisotropy of the inner core could be much more complicated than our present understanding, and there might be some new geophysical phenomena in the formation process of the inner core. Supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40404005 and 40374029) and the Excellent Prize of President Scholarship and Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences     

利用多手段异常项次预报我国大震的模糊聚类方法

选用我国大陆１９６９－１９９１年发生的１１次Ｍｓ≥６．９地震作为样本，取地球物理、地球化学、地形变和地震活动性方面共计１２项手段的资料为判定指标，编制了模糊聚类计算机程序用以预报未来３个月、６个月和１２个月内发生大震的概率，并给出一个预报实例。     

Effects on bedload transport of experimental removal of woody debris from a forest gravel-bed stream

Experimental removal of woody debris from a small, gravel-bed stream in a forested area resulted in a four-fold increase in bedload transport at bankfull discharge. This was caused by increased transportability of sediment previously stored upslope of debris buttresses or in low-energy hydraulic environments related to debris. Bank erosion delivered additional sediment to the channel, and transport energy was increased by an inferred increase in the component of total boundary shear stress affecting grains on the bed. Increased transport following debris removal in May 1987 continued throughout the entire autumn storm season through late November 1987, indicating persistent adjustment of the stream bed and banks despite marked response to earlier flows as large as bankfull. Stream bed adjustments included development of a semi-regular sequence of alternate bars and pools, many of which were spaced independently of former pool locations.     

Field observations of an evolving rip current on a meso-macrotidal well-developed inner bar and rip morphology

The Aquitanian Coast (France) is a high-energy meso-macrotidal environment exhibiting a highly variable double sandbar system. The inner and the outer bar generally exhibit a bar and rip morphology and persistent crescentic patterns, respectively. In June 2007, an intense five-day field experiment was carried out at Biscarrosse Beach. A large array of sensors was deployed on a well-developed southward-oriented bar and rip morphology. Daily topographic surveys were carried out together with video imaging to investigate beach morphodynamic evolution. During the experiment, offshore significant wave height ranged from 0.5 to 3 m, with a persistent shore-normal angle. This paper identifies two types of behavior of an observed rip current: (1) for low-energy waves, the rip current is active only between low and mid tide with maximum mean rip current velocity reaching 0.8 m/s for an offshore significant wave height (H_s) lower than 1 m; (2) for high-energy waves (H_s≈ 2.5–3 m), the rip current was active over the whole tide cycle with the presence of persistent intense offshore-directed flows between mid and high tide. For both low and high-energy waves, very low-frequency pulsations (15–30 min) of the mean currents are observed on both feeder and rip channels.A persistent slow shoreward migration of the sandbar was observed during the experiment while no significant alongshore migration of the system was measured. Onshore migration during the high-energy waves can be explained by different sediment transport processes such as flow velocity skewness, wave asymmetry or bed ventilation. High-frequency local measurements of the bed evolution show the presence of significant (in the order of 10 cm) fluctuations (in the order of 1 h). These fluctuations, observed for both low- and high-energy waves, are thought to be ripples and megaripples, respectively and may play an important but still poorly understood role in the larger scale morphodynamics. The present dataset improves the knowledge of rip dynamics as well as the morphological response of strongly alongshore non-uniform meso-macrotidal beaches.     

多轨PSInSAR监测华北平原地表垂直形变场

针对PSInSAR技术监测大空间尺度地表垂直形变场的不足,提出通过基准转换与数据拼接、融合不同轨道多个独立片区(Frame)获取大空间尺度地表垂直形变场方法.由于不同轨道主影像选取的参考基准不一致、不同轨道垂直基线不同、不同片区相位解缠的参考PS不同等因素影响,使得PSInSAR获得的不同轨道地表垂直形变场的空间基准存在差异,提取的地表形变信息不具有可比性.利用两个相邻片区重叠区域的PS点集,根据迭代最近点算法提取两片区公共区域内同名点,并兼顾同名点距离的权,精确计算两片区的配准参数,实现两片区的"无缝"连接,最后使各独立片区拼接成一个连续的大空间尺度地表垂直形变场.本文推导了多轨PSInSAR技术获得的不同片区形变场基准转换与数据拼接的数学模型,并以华北平原(115.32°E—118.79°E, 36.81°N—40.58°N)为实验区,解析了3个不同轨道共12个片区PS目标,获取了研究区2006—2010年地表垂直形变速度场.分析表明:(1)研究区大范围处于下沉状态,形成以北京、廊坊、天津、沧州、泊头—德州等城市为中心向外扩展的地表沉降发展态势,几个沉降中心的平均沉降速率分别达到-34.7 mm/a、-26.3 mm/a、-64.2 mm/a、-34.6 mm/a和-37.7 mm/a;(2)地表沉降的空间分布特征表明,城市工业生产和生活抽取地下水是地表沉降的主要诱因,农业灌溉和油气开采是导致华北平原大范围地表沉降的另一个重要因素;(3)研究区最大沉降带沿北北东向展布,与区内断裂分布一致,表明沉降的空间分布受到断裂带控制;(4)利用地表同期一等水准测量成果检验了本研究结果,精度达到4.72 mm,表明本文提出的数据处理策略能够满足大时空尺度地表形变监测的需求.